concept 2 protein Synthesis study guide

Summarize, in detail, the steps of transcription and translation.

Transcription takes place in the nucleus. Then RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Thats where translation occurs.

Codon

A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

Transcribe and translate the following strand of DNA TAC-ACC-GGA-GCG-TTT-ATT

AUG-UGG-CCU-CGC-AAA-UAA MET-TRY-PRO-ARG-LYS-stop

Transcription

DNA and RNA

Explain the central dogma and why a two-step process is necessary in order to make proteins.

Describes the two processes, transcription and translation, the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein.It means that information passes from DNA to proteins through RNA

Describe an example of how gene expression is regulated.

Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm. Further regulation may occur through post-translational modifications of proteins.

Explain the difference between epigenetics and mutations.

It can change the DNA. A genetic mutation is a hardcopy change in one or more parts of that sequence. This could just make you. Or it could contribute to a genetic disease.

Describe the roles of the three essential types of RNA in protein.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein by the joint action of transfer RNA (tRNA) and the ribosome, which is composed of numerous proteins and two major ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules.

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

genetic code

collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis

Anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

protien synthesis

is process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell.

Polypeptide

long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

Translation

mRNA to Polypeptide

epigenetics

the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.