Concepts additional practice Qs: Values, Beliefs, Caring, Health and Wellness, Communication

Nursing activities related to the concept of community nursing begin: 1. On the first contact with the patient 2. After the patient is admitted to the hospital 3. When the practitioner writes discharge orders 4. At the time referrals are made to community resources

1. rationale: As soon as contact with the patient is made, planning and teaching should begin so the patient is prepared for discharge and returned to the community.

Which nursing action best demonstrates support of human dignity in the practice of nursing? 1. Maintaining confidentiality of information about clients 2. Supporting the rights of others to refuse treatment 3. Obtaining sufficient data to make inferences 4. Staying at the scene of an accident

1. rationale: Confidentiality respects the patient's right to privacy, which is a component of human dignity.

The home care nurse is assessing a patient and family members from a cultural perspective. It is most important for the nurse to: 1. Use the patient as the main source of data 2. Interview the members of the patient's family 3. Recognize beliefs common to the patient's ethnic group 4. Recall experiences of caring for patients with a similar background

1. rationale: The patient is the center of the health team and is the most important source of information about his/her perspective.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory helps the nurse to identify the patient's: 1. Problem that has top priority 2. Developmental level 3. Coping patterns 4. Health beliefs

1. rationale: Patient problems/needs can be ranked in order of ascending importance according to how important they are for survival using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as a framework. Maslow identifies five levels of human needs. A person must meet lower- level needs before addressing higher-level needs. Physiologic needs are first-level needs: air, food, water, sleep, shelter etc.; safety and security needs are second; love and belonging needs are third; self-esteem needs are fourth; and self-actualization is the fifth-level need.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, the nurse identifies that the level of need that should be met just before self-esteem needs can be met is: 1. Safety 2. Belonging 3. Physiologic 4. Self-actualization

2. rationale: Belonging and love needs are directly below self-esteem needs on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Belonging and love are third-level needs and self-esteem needs are fourth-level needs.

The nurse must collect information about a community to identify its needs. The most significant assessment by the nurse is: 1. The demographics of the community 2. What the community thinks is important 3. How many support services are available 4. Environmental data as it relates to public safety

2. rationale: The members in the community are the primary source of data about the community and their needs. Just as the patient is the center of the health team when caring for an individual, the collective membership of a community is the center of the health team when caring for the health-care needs of a community.

The action related to advocacy that reflects the nurse's attempt to work with families to explore the nature and consequences of their choices is: 1. Affirming 2. Informing 3. Mediating 4.Interviewing

2. rationale: To inform is an important role of the nurse when functioning as a patient advocate. Inform means to give information, to enlighten, and to give knowledge. When working with families to explore the nature and consequences of their choices, the nurse can provide information so that people understand the ramifications of their choices. An informed decision is a decision based on an understanding of the facts and ramifications associated with the choice.

The nurse understands that a concept basic to the health-illness continuum is that: 1. People can be both healthy and ill at the same time on the continuum 2. There is no distinct boundary between health and illness along the continuum 3. When variables are in balance, a person is in the exact center of the continuum 4. Actualization must be achieved to be placed on the healthy end of the continuum

2. Rationale: Health and illness are on opposite ends of the health-illness continuum and there is no distinct boundary between health and illness. Only a person can place her/himself somewhere along the health- illness continuum based on one's own

The nurse identifies that love and belonging needs associated with Maslow'sHierarchy of Needs are related to which of Gordon's Functional Health Patterns? 1. Values-belief pattern 2. Role-relationship pattern 3. Cognitive-perceptual pattern 4. Sexuality-reproductive pattern

2. rationale: Love and belonging needs identified in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are associated with Gordon's Role- Relationship Pattern category. Gordon's Role-Relationship Pattern category addresses topics such as social issues, loneliness, and relationships among family members and others.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, a person who is no longer aware of a need has: 1. Experienced emotional and physical health 2. Had the need met to one's level of satisfaction 3. Achieved one's role performance expectations 4. Moved toward the healthy end of the health-illness continuum

2. rationale: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ranks human needs in order of ascending importance, with the basic needs first, according to how important the needs are for survival. When a need is met to one's level of satisfaction, the person is no longer aware of the need and can move on to the next level.

The Health Belief Model attempts to explain and predict health behaviors and focuses on: 1. One's ability to fulfill one's assigned roles 2. Constructs associated with perceived threat and net benefit 3. Locus of control being important in one making choices about health behaviors 4. People moving along a continuum from health on one end to illness on the other end

2. rationale: T his theory focuses on perceived threats, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy, which all influence a person's "readiness to act" in response to a health threat; Rosenstock first proposed this model during the 1950s.

Which are examples of a health belief? Check all that apply. 1. _____ Eating foods that are low in fat 2. _____ Accepting positive results of diagnostic tests 3. _____ Concluding that illness is the result of being bad 4. _____ Recognizing that smoking can cause lung cancer 5. _____ Respecting a patient's decision regarding therapeutic treatment

3,4 rationale: 3. This is an example of a health belief. A health belief is a conviction or opinion that influences health-care practices or decisions. If a person believes that illness is the result of being bad, the patient may feel the need to suffer in silence as a form of penance. 4. This is an example of a health belief. If a person believes that smoking cigarettes can cause lung cancer, then the person may refrain from smoking.

Which statement best reflects a principle common to all theories of health, wellness, and illness? 1. Health is synonymous with a sense of well-being 2. People are able to control factors that affect health 3. Many variables influence a person's perception of health 4. Being able to meet the demands of one's role is necessary for health

3. Rationale: There is little consensus about any one definition of health, wellness, and illness. However, all definitions of health, wellness, and illness address the fact that there are a number of factors that influence health.

Which word reflects a concept that is nonessential for the nurse to establish a therapeutic relationship? 1. Trust 2. Caring 3. Control 4. Empathy

3. rationale: Control is nonessential to a therapeutic relationship. The purpose is not to have control over the patient, but to identify and meet the needs of the patient.

Which factor is essential to the health of a community? 1. Availability of medical specialists 2. Consumers having health insurance 3. Everyone having access to health care 4. Public Health Nurses working in the community

3. rationale: For a healthy community, all members of the community must have access to health care. The health of a community depends on each member of the community having appropriate and comprehensive health care.

Which factor is essential to promote healthy lifestyles and behaviors within the community setting? 1. The entire family must be committed to making changes 2. A practitioner's order is necessary before care can be provided 3. There must be resources available to support the desired changes 4. The focus must be on the community as a whole, not on individuals

3. rationale: Resources that support health promotion, health protection, and preventive health services are essential if one expects members of the community to engage in healthy lifestyles and behaviors. Resources, such as availability of health professionals, sites for primary health prevention programs for meetings and provision of services, consumables in the form of equipment and medications (immunizations), etc., must be available to promote and support health.

The nurse must initiate nursing services in the home setting. Which is the most important factor that the nurse must consider to ensure third-party reimbursement? 1. The patient must be able to perform some self-care 2. The family has the financial resources to pay for the care 3. Additional family members need to be available for support 4. Intervention must be ordered by a provider with a license to prescribe

4 rationale: Health-care professionals who have prescriptive licenses (e.g., physicians, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants) must order home care nursing services. An order from a provider with a prescriptive license is required if a home care agency is to receive reimbursement from third- party sources (i.e., government, medical insurance plans, etc.). Orders written by these professionals direct the medical plan of care.

Which statement accurately reflects a concept about a healthy community? 1. Health of a community is based on the sum of the health of its individuals 2. The primary focus in community health is on the health of each member of society 3. The focus of community health mainly is on healing the sick and preventing disease 4. Promotion of health is one of the most important components of community health practice

4. Rationale: Health promotion has taken on new meaning as consumers take more and more responsibility for their health status. Teaching about promoting health is a more positive perspective than teaching about preventing illness, which is a negative perspective.

The nurse identifies the health-care needs of the members of a community. The nurse's most efficient initial approach to meet these needs is to: 1. Involve community leaders to work within the political arena to obtain funding for programs 2. Write research grants to explore the community's health needs in more detail 3. Design educational programs that address the identified needs 4. Make residents aware of the resources in the community

4. Rationale: This is the most efficient initial approach to meeting the identified needs of the members of the community. T he use of presently available resources is more efficient than the other options presented.

According to the document, Healthy People 2000, an activity associated with Health Protection is: 1. Teaching a program about alcohol abuse 2. Encouraging children to be physically fit 3. Administering immunizations to children 4. Working as an occupational nurse in a factory

4. rationale: In 1990, Healthy People 2000, a document prepared by the United States Department of Health and Human Services with input from 24 national nursing organizations, outlined 298 health-related objectives. T his document differentiated the Primary Prevention Level of Health Care into three areas: Health Promotion, Health Protection, and Preventive Health Services. Health Protection was defined as actions by the government and industry to reduce environmental factors that are a threat to health. It included activities, such as controlling factors that maintain occupational safety, preventing accidents and infectious diseases, and controlling environmental toxic agents and radiation.