Concepts of Bio- Test 1 study guide

What characteristic is NOT shared by all living organisms? A. They make their own energy. b. They grow and develop. c. They evolve through time. d. They are composed of one or more cells.

A. They make their own energy.

Living organisms maintain a constant internal environment by sensing and responding to their internal conditions. This stable maintenance of internal conditions is known as A.homeostasis. b.evolution. C.reproduction. d.sensation.

A. homeostasis

The hypothesis that a common ancestor gave rise to all living organisms is strengthened by what observation? a. Almost all cells in all living organisms use DNA to direct their structure, function, and behavior. b. All living organisms use energy acquired directly from the environment or from other organisms. c. All living organisms reproduce. d. Each type of living organism adheres to the general principles of the biological hierarchy

a. Almost all cells in all living organisms use DNA to direct their structure, function, and behavior.

Is it possible for scientists to study events that happened or animals/plants that lived millions of years ago? a. Yes. Apply the laws of physics and nature that we know exist today to evaluate the evidence of past events. For example, observe modern animal behavior, structure, and function, and compare them to the structures of fossilized animals to deduce the function of the fossilized structures. b. No. The laws of physics that exist today are not the same laws of physics that existed in the past, so there is no way to compare plant or animal fossils to those of modern organisms and deduce the function of fossilized structures. c. Yes. Genetic manipulation of fossils allows scientists to directly test metabolic and behavioral characteristics of plants and animals from the past. d. No. There is no way to analyze plant or animal fossils that lived millions of years ago because the laws of nature that exist today have changed dramatically from the past.

a. Yes. Apply the laws of physics and nature that we know exist today to evaluate the evidence of past events. For example, observe modern animal behavior, structure, and function, and compare them to the structures of fossilized animals to deduce the function of the fossilized structures.

When scientists generate a single informed, logical, and plausible explanation for a question and observations of the natural world, they are proposing a scientific a. hypothesis. c. theory .b. observation. d. correlation.

a. hypothesis.

Recently, beekeepers have noticed an alarming and sudden disappearance of honeybees from their hives.Some beekeepers and environmentalists worry that crops genetically engineered to contain the gene forthe Bt insecticidal toxin may be killing the bees. Which of these experiments tests the hypothesis that Btis killing the bees? a. Spraying Bt toxin on a field and counting the number of bees present before and after spraying. b. Collecting hundreds of bees. Half of the bees would be kept in a facility with plants genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin while the other half would be kept in a facility with plants not genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin. The survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and compared. c. Collecting hundreds of bees and spraying half of them with Bt toxin while the other half is not sprayed with Bt toxin. The survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and compared. d. The number of bees in two adjacent fields would be counted before and after spraying one of the fields with Bt toxin. The survival rate of bees in both fields would be calculated andcompared.

b. Collecting hundreds of bees. Half of the bees would be kept in a facility with plants genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin while the other half would be kept in a facility with plants not genetically engineered to contain the gene for Bt toxin. The survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and compared.

A scientific hypothesis must be constructed with which of the following characteristics? a. It is always provable and clearly states what is already known to be fact. b. It provides a reasonable explanation to a question and is consistent with current observations; it must also be testable and falsifiable. c. It provides an explanation consistent with accepted theological ideas and does not need to be tested. d. It does not require testing by experimentation or additional observations. It is not falsifiable.

b. It provides a reasonable explanation to a question and is consistent with current observations; it must also be testable and falsifiable.

Victoria, who is 10 years old, wants to be a zoologist when she grows up because she loves animals. So, she decided to begin her training by "doing something scientific." Specifically, she weighed and measured the lengths of all the earthworms she could find in her yard and recorded the data in a notebook. She then made a graph showing the maximum, minimum, and average weights and heights of the earthworms. Was she doing something scientific? a. No, because she is too young to think like a scientist. b. No, because she had no hypothesis to direct her data collection or interpretation. c. Yes, because scientists always make measurements. d. Yes, because scientists always construct graphs with the data they collect.

b. No, because she had no hypothesis to direct her data collection or interpretation.

Some questions fall outside the realm of science. Which of the following questions could NOT be answered using the scientific method? a. What is the function of the appendix in human beings? b. Why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals? c. Why do smokers develop lung cancer more frequently than nonsmokers? d. Why is it so difficult to quit smoking?

b. Why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals?

Experimental studies are an effective way of establishing a ________ relationship between two or more aspects of the natural world because they provide a way of testing predicted interaction(s) .a. controlled c. correlative b. cause-effect d. casual

b. cause-effect

Observational studies typically point out correlations between aspects of the natural world, but they do not establish solid ________ relationships. a. controlled c. correlative b. cause-effect d. casual

b. cause-effect

New medications undergo extensive human testing before receiving FDA approval. These tests represent an experiment and variations in the dosage given to participants represents the a. dependent variable. c. correlation coefficient. b. independent variable. d. invariable

b. independent variable.

Which of these characteristics of living organisms are present in viruses? a. composed of one or more cells; obtain energy from their environment; reproduce using DNA (or RNA) b. reproduce using DNA (or RNA); sense their environment and respond to it; can evolve as groups c. maintain a constant internal environment; obtain energy from their environment; composed of one or more cells d. obtain energy from their environment; composed of one or more cells; maintain a constant internal

b. reproduce using DNA (or RNA); sense their environment and respond to it; can evolve as groups

A scientific hypothesis must be ________; if not, science cannot evaluate it. a. provable c. accepted b. testable d. rejected

b. testable

Recently, beekeepers have noticed an alarming and sudden disappearance of honeybees from their hives. Some beekeepers and environmentalists worry that crops genetically engineered to contain the gene for the Bt insecticidal toxin may be killing the bees. Without data from a scientific experiment, is itreasonable to state that Bt-containing crops are responsible for the loss of honeybees? a. Yes, because it is obviously the Bt crops killing the bees. b. Yes, because there cannot possibly be any other explanation for the loss of the honeybees. c. No, because there could be some other unknown or unmentioned factor affecting thesurvival of honeybees. d. No, because there is no reason to suspect that an insecticide would kill honeybees.

c. No, because there could be some other unknown or unmentioned factor affecting the survival of honeybees.

17. Which of the following questions could NOT be used to develop a testable hypothesis? a. Does exposure to secondhand smoke affect the probability of developing lung cancer? b. Do organic vegetables contain harmful substances? c. Should everyone drink bottled water only? d. Does a can of vegetable juice contain more salt than the same size can of iced tea?

c. Should everyone drink bottled water only?

Which of the following statements is true? a. Once a hypothesis has been proposed, it can never be challenged. b. A valid scientific hypothesis is self-evident and does not need to be tested by experimentation. c. The scientific method or process can help people make informed medical and environmental decisions . d. If properly designed, experiments always prove hypotheses to be wrong

c. The scientific method or process can help people make informed medical and environmental decisions .

A species of butterflies gradually becomes darker in color over many generations; this is an example of which characteristic of living organisms? a. They reproduce using DNA. b. They obtain energy from the environment to support metabolism. c. They can evolve as groups. d. They sense the environment and respond to it.

c. They can evolve as groups.

Is it important for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists? a. Yes. Scientists want to receive recognition and monetary reward for their work. b. No. There is no reason for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists. c. Yes. The quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input, further review, and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field. d. No. Communication between scientists is discouraged because it can confuse the details of the experiments.

c. Yes. The quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input, further review, and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field.

Whenever we ________, we are proceeding scientifically. a. invoke a supernatural power as an explanation for how a natural phenomenon occurred b. stop questioning our observations c. try to solve a problem by systematically evaluating the plausibility of various solutions d. develop an unchangeable and definitive explanation.

c. try to solve a problem by systematically evaluating the plausibility of various solutions

.DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life; a.it forms the protective outer membrane of cells. b.it is produced expressly for reproduction and is found only in egg and sperm. c.it is the blueprint that guides the growth, development, behavior, and reproduction of all organisms. D. its absence in viruses is the basis for classifying them as nonliving.

c.it is the blueprint that guides the growth, development, behavior, and reproduction of all organisms.

The roots of a sunflower plant growing downwards while the shoot grows upwards and the flower turns towards the sun are examples of what characteristic of all living organisms? a.They reproduce using DNA. b.They evolve through time. c.They make their own energy. d.They sense the environment and respond to it.

d. They sense the environment and respond to it.