Constitution 101 Answers
The political movement responsible for rejecting the Progressive understanding of uplift and preparing the transition to post-1960s politics was the (blank).
New Left
In Federalist 6, Publius argues that commercial republics are unlikely to fight with each other.
False
In The Federalist Papers, Publius points to the achievements of Greek democracies as a reason to support free government.
False
In early America, the federal government was primarily responsible for domestic policy.
False
The Founders believed that all welfare programs should be administered by private organizations.
False
The primary purpose of the Constitution is to limit the government.
False
Woodrow Wilson, John Dewey, and other leading Progressive intellectuals were educated at (blank), which was founded in 1876 to bring the German educational model to the United States.
Johns Hopkins University
John Rawls' difference principle asserts that inequality of wealth and privilege is justified (blank).
if it is used to favor the disadvantaged
Thomas Jefferson argued that the natural law permits one to steal (blank).
if one's life is at stake
Abraham Lincoln argued that the Southern secession movement should be understood as a(n) (blank).
insurrection
In Federalist 10, Publius argues that the extended territory of the American republic (blank).
is an advantage that will help check the emergence of majority faction
In The American Conception of Liberty, Frank Goodnow argues that European nations are better governed because (blank) determines the "sphere of individual freedom of action."
social expediency
According to progressive theorists like Hebert Croly, the goal of the modern administrative state is to secure (blank).
social justice
In an essay from 1887, Woodrow Wilson argues that "in fundamental theory (blank) and democracy are almost if not quite one and the same."
socialism
Aristotle explains that human beings make laws because of their ability to
speak
The nature of the relationship between Britain and the American colonies changed dramatically after (blank).
the French and Indian War
In his "Second Inaugural Address," Abraham Lincoln argued that the Civil War should be understood as a divine judgement on (blank) for the sin of slavery.
the entire nation
The first grievance typically listed in Southern secession documents concerned (blank).
the fugitive slave clause
The Declaration of Independence establishes that all legitimate power stems from (blank).
the people
Regarding the pacifism of the Quakers, George Washington believed that (blank).
they could be required to take up arms for their country
Thomas Jefferson's experience as Governor of Virginia helped him recognize the (blank).
threat of legislative supremacy
According to Madison, the structure of the Constitution eliminated the need for the American people to possesses good character.
False
In his "First Inaugural Address," Abraham Lincoln pledged to stop enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act.
False
In his 1932 campaign addresses, Franklin Roosevelt argued that the New Deal would serve as a decisive break from the principles and ideas of his Progressive predecessors.
False
James Madison and John C. Calhoun both argued that tyranny is better than anarchy.
False
Liberalism after 1965 attempted to restore government by consent.
False
New Left intellectuals believed that the new freedom brought about by the Progressives was true freedom.
False
Post-1965 foreign policy is primarily concerned with the protection of American citizens rather than promoting democracy abroad.
False
Progressives agreed with the Founders' doctrine of natural rights, and only disagreed with how the Constitution attempted to achieve those ends.
False
Religious liberty was an absolute right at the time of the Founding.
False
The Declaration of Independence should be understood as a revolutionary document, and the Constitution as a conservative document.
False
The Founders believed that, because natural rights are universal, the United States ought to protect rights all over the world.
False
The Framers of the Constitution believed that consent is the only requirement for just government, because the people and their representatives are incapable of passing unjust laws.
False
The modern administrative state typically adjudicates cases against citizens through the ordinary process of adversarial courtroom conduct, which includes a prosecutor, defense lawyer, and impartial judge.
False
Under the modern administrative state, there is only one way to make policy.
False
Progressive intellectuals were deeply influenced by a (blank) understanding of politics and history.
German
The government under the Articles of Confederation was insufficient because (blank).
all of the above
The modern administrative state is anti-constitutional because it (blank).
all of the above
In Federalist 51, Publius argues that the system of separation of powers and checks and balances assumes that people in government will be (blank).
ambitious
In Federalist 51, Madison writes, "If men were (blank), no government would be necessary."
angels
In "Vices of the Political System of the United States," James Madison argues that the laws passed by the state governments of this period are often unjust because they (blank).
are too numerous and mutable for the people to understand
Rather than a(n) (blank) of experts, the modern administrative state produced an insular (blank) who rule for their own interests and not for the interests of the governed.
aristocracy; oligarchy
Publius argues that the mechanisms of the Constitution function as "(blank) precautions" for controlling the government.
auxiliary
According to the Founders, a government that is to secure the rights of individuals must (blank).
both a and b
In his "Address at the Cooper Institute," Abraham Lincoln argued that Republicans would have to (blank) in order to satisfy the South.
cease to call slavery wrong
The New Freedom, the New Nationalism, the New Deal, the Great Society, and the New Frontier are examples of presidents acting as (blank).
chief legislators
When Publius references faction in Federalist 10, he means (blank).
citizens driven by a passion adverse to the rights of others
According to the Founders, (blank) was fundamentally important to securing property rights.
clarity of ownership
In Federalist 10, Publius writes that representation will serve to "(blank) the public views."
refine and enlarge
In Federalist 63, Madison argues that the United States is the first purely (blank) government in history.
representative
The suspension of the Affordable Care Act's employer mandate by the Obama administration is an example of (blank).
royal prerogative power
According to the Framers, the purpose of government is to (blank).
secure the natural rights of its citizens
At the heart of post-1965 politics is a conception of equality that emphasizes not only political equality, but also equality of (blank).
self-esteem
According to New Left intellectuals like Paul Goodman and Norman O. Brown, (blank) would usher in a new era of human happiness and well-being, and bring about an end to threats like nuclear war.
sexual liberation
In Notes on the State of Virginia, Jefferson writes that slavery teaches slave owners how to become (blank).
tyrants
Southern secessionists advanced a doctrine of (blank) to explain the relationship between the states and the federal government under the Constitution.
undivided state sovereignty
Paper money laws enacted in the states (blank).
violated the property rights of creditors
The Three-Fifths Clause in the Constitution (blank).
was a compromise to secure the ratification of the Constitution
The (blank) Amendment was meant to apply the Founders' basic conception of law enforcement to the states.
14th
A doctrine of natural rights and natural law became widely known and discussed in the American colonies during the (blank).
1710s
In the "Gettysburg Address," Abraham Lincoln declared that the United States was founded in (blank).
1776
The slave trade was legally abolished in the United States in (blank).
1807
Dr. Portteus asserts that the pro-slavery critiques of Northern working conditions resemble the arguments of (blank).
Marx
Abraham Lincoln was the first president elected on an explicitly anti-slavery platform.
True
According to contemporary defenders of the administrative state, the system of government established by the Constitution is dysfunctional.
True
According to the Progressives, the purpose of Congress is to pass broad legislation authorizing administrative agencies to create regulations.
True
John C. Calhoun argued that human beings receive their rights as members of a group, and not as individuals.
True
Lincoln argued that the Civil War was a fight to vindicate republican government against an attempt to impose oligarchy on the nation.
True
New Dealers believed that the necessary consequence of a planned and regulated economy was the abolition of business.
True
One of the New Left's goals was to bring about a transformation of the moral life of the country through an attack on the traditional understanding of the family.
True
Post-1965 immigration policy privileges immigrants from non-European countries.
True
Progressives believed that there had been a constant improvement in history, which made modern government less dangerous to the governed.
True
The Progressives believed that government should be understood as an organic thing that evolved and developed to meet the needs of its environment.
True
The elite few ruling over the modern administrative state maintain their power by distributing benefits to various groups who support their rule.
True
The security of a natural right may often conflict with the security of another.
True
(blank) was a Supreme Court case in which a farmer was fined for having a surplus of wheat.
Wickard v. Filburn
The Framers of the Constitution believed human nature was (blank).
a mixture of good and bad
According to the political theory of John C. Calhoun, liberty is (blank).
a reward for moral and intellectual development
In the period between the Revolutionary War and the Constitution, state governments were dominated by (blank).
a strong legislature
The Founders held that all persons have the right to possess and (blank) property.
acquire
An example of the alternative legislative processes available under the modern administrative state is (blank).
all of the above
In Federalist 9, Publius lists (blank) as an improvement to the science of politics.
all of the above
John Jay argued that the American colonies were well suited to form a Union because they shared (blank).
all of the above
Progress toward emancipation stopped, and then reversed, due to (blank).
all of the above
The Declaration of Independence argues that the King violated the principle of (blank), which became a key feature of the Constitution.
all of the above
The Founders believed that government must (blank) in order to protect free markets.
all of the above
In Federalist 10, Publius argues that the Constitution addresses the problem of majority faction by (blank).
controlling its effects
God appears four times in the Declaration of Independence. He appears as legislator, judge, executive, and
creator
The Declaration of Independence opens with a ___________.
declaration of universal principles
The two basic tenets for building the administrative state are (blank).
delegation of legislative power and judicial deference
A government where all the citizens gather to create and administer the laws is a(n) (blank).
direct democracy
Dr. West summarizes the Founders' conception of law enforcement with two phrases: equal protection and (blank).
due process
According to Franklin Roosevelt, the great problem of the 20th century was (blank) tyranny.
economic
The three characteristics of the Progressive administrator are (blank), (blank), and (blank).
expert, independent, progressive
In Liberalism and Social Action, Dewey criticizes the Founders because they "lacked (blank) sense."
historic
The Progressives argued that the ends of government are (blank).
historically contingent
The national government under the Articles of Confederation functioned (blank).
like a diplomatic entity of loosely connected sovereign states
The Founders' doctrine of human equality means that (blank).
no one has the right to rule another without their consent
New Dealers believed that the Great Depression was caused primarily by (blank).
overproduction
Frank Goodnow argued that there are really only two functions of government: (blank).
politics and administration
John C. Calhoun articulated a new ideology which held that slavery was a(n) (blank).
positive good
Not only is the modern administrative state anti-constitutional, but it is also (blank).
pre-constitutional
Woodrow Wilson stated that understanding the real Declaration of Independence requires ignoring the (blank).
preface
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (blank).
prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory
Marriage and family law during the Founding emphasized (blank).
protecting and raising children
Following 1965, the dominant view of government holds that (blank) is the primary purpose of government.
protecting the least advantaged
The purpose of personal liberty laws was to (blank).
provide due process for free black citizens
Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants the federal government power to
provide for the national defense
The Founders held that foreign commerce (blank).
should benefit the interests and rights of American citizens
The (blank) describes an agreement that fellow citizens make with each other to form a government and accept the laws made by that government.
social compact
