Construction Safety Exam 1

a type _____ hard hat will reduce force of impact resulting from blow only to the top of the head

1

minimum factor of safety in calculating total fall distance is ______ ft

1

what are the two types of respirators

1. air purifying 2. supplied air

two sides/approaches of safety: ________________ and ______________

1. behavioral (training, attitudes) 2. physical (hazard elimination, PPE)

5 ways to purchase WC coverage in Alabama

1. from approved commercial carrier 2. from assigned risk pool 3. through group self-insure 4. individual self-insure 5. through approved alternative WC policy

four ways hazards can enter your body

1. ingestion 2.skin absorption 3. inhalation (most common) 4. injection (via cut or scratch)

name the 4 types of disabilities

1. temporary partial 2. temporary total 3. permanent partial 4. permanent total

employers with more than ____ employees must keep record of illnesses and injuries

10

a distance of _____ ft must be maintained while working by a power line of 50 kV or below

10 ft

temporary lights used in wet conditions shall be operated at ____ volts or less

12

the mid rail on a guardrail system must support _____ lbs

150

the construction industry accounts for more than ____ % of all workplace fatalities

17

What percentage of fatalities do electric shocks account for?

17%

guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems are required for platforms and runways that are less than _____ inch(es) wide

18

What percentage of fatalities do caught in/between's account for?

18%

PFAs must limit maximum arresting force to _______ lbs

1800

the first WC law was passed in what year?

1911

OSH Act was passed in the year?

1970

the liability crisis in which liability lawsuits caused premiums to skyrocket occurred during what time period

1980's

a type ____ hard hat will reduce force of lateral impact resulting from off-center blows in addition to the top of the head

2

minimum hole diameter to be covered is ____ inches

2

approximately ____ % of WC claims are fraudulant

20

What percentage of fatalities do struck by's account for?

22%

toeboard height

3.5 inches

What percentage of fatalities do falls account for?

33%

D-rings and snaphooks must be proof-tested to a tensile strength of ________ lbs

3600

the top of a guardrail must be between ____ and ____ inches from the working surface

39 and 45 (42 +/- 3)

safety nets must be drop tested with a ______ lb bag of sand prior to use

400

WC income benefits begin with the _____ day after disability occurs

4th

records must be maintained for ____ years at the establishment and be available for inspection

5

Live parts of _____ volts or more must be guarded

50

the toe board in a guardrail system must support ______ lbs

50

warning line tensile strength

500 lb

anchorage points must be able to support _______ lbs per employee

5000

open sided floors and platforms _____ ft or more in height must be guarded

6

proper fall protection must be provided when a worker is ______ above a lower level

6 ft

PFAs must be rigged so that employee can't free fall more than _____ ft nor contact the ________ _________

6 ft, lower level

control line must be flagged every ___ ft and have a minimum breaking strength of ____ lbs

6, 200

currents greater than ____ mA can cause a rapid, ineffective heartbeat in which death can/will occur

75

safety nets must extend outward when the vertical distance between working platform and net is <5 ft, 5-10 ft, and >10 ft a minimum of ___, ____, and ___ ft, respectively

8, 10, 13

hearing protection is required when an employee's noise exposure exceeds _____ hrs at a sound level of _____ dBA

8, 90

examples of standards incorporated by reference under OSHA

ANSI, NEC, NFPA

class _____ hard hats are not intended to provide protection against contact with electrical conductors

C

class ____ hard hats are used in utility work

E

class ____ hard hats are used in general construction

G

who is the father of modern safety (1913)

H. W. Heinrich (domino theory)

what is the judicial branch of OSHA called?

OSHRC - occupational safety and health review comission

governmental agency designated to develop and enforce safety and health standards

Occupational Health and Safety Administration

anchorage, lifeline, and body harness are all examples of _______

PFAs

a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI): a. detects ground faults and interrupts the flow of electric current and is designed to protect the worker by limiting the duration of an electrical shock b. detects ground faults and interrupts the electric source thus, it disables the equipment that is attached: however, the worker is still exposed to electrocution c. a tool used to determine if a power system is properly grounded d. all of the above

a

when guardrails are used at hoisting areas, what must be placed at the opening

a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section

define competent person

a person who is KNOWLEDGEABLE and has AUTHORIZATION to make decisions

___________: an unplanned event, generally with negative consequences, that may or may not be associated with property damage or an injury

accident

give an example of why OSHA would conduct an inspect at your workplace

accident investigation, high risk job, random/scheduled

define fellow-worker doctrine

accident was precipitated by another worker, not the employer

__________ system: a protective system and a set of components that require manipulation by employees that make them effective in providing protection

active

__________ laws are laws by which an executive prescribes the criteria under which any statute or desired control will be carried out

administrative

examples of direct costs of injuries

ambulance, medical treatment, disability benefits

what does ANSI stand for?

american national standards institute

______: the volume or intensity of the electrical flow

amps

_____ gates involve multiplying to find the probability of the event

and

____________ __ _______: occurs when a person is aware of a danger and its extent, and knowingly exposes himself, assumes all risk and cannot recover damages even though he is injured through no fault of his own

assumption of risk

when a power system is properly grounded, workers need to be aware that: a. it is a safe system and cannot change from safe to hazardous; therefore working with electrical equipment is always safe b. electrical equipment can instantly change from safe to hazardous because of extreme conditions and rough treatment c. the system will remain safe and will not be impacted by changing worksite conditions or electrical equipment d. there is no need to worry about the power system because it is properly grounded

b

which of the following is a safe work practice to protect you from electrocution hazards? a. use GFCI only when using double insulated power tools b. do not operate electrical equipment when working in wet conditions c. attach ungrounded, two -prong adapter plugs to three-prong cords and tools d. using multi-receptacle boxes designed to be mounted by fitting them with a power cord and placing them on the floor

b

of the choices below, the maximum deceleration distance to bring an employee to a complete stop is: a. 2 ft b. 3 ft c. 4 ft d. 1 ft

b, max is 3.5 ft

what part of the body is the most frequently injured?

back

never substitute a ___________ ________ when you should use gloves

barrier cream

what is an example of a temporary total disability

broken bone

what does BLS stand for

bureau of labor statistics

_______ are the most common shock-related injury

burns

control lines must be flagged every _____ ft and have a minimum breaking strength of _____ lbs a. 2, 50 b. 4, 100 c. 6, 200 d. 8, 500

c

top guardrails must be able to withstand a force of at least ________ lbs applied in the outward and downward direction within ______ inches of the top edge a. 125, 4 b. 150, 6 c. 200, 2 d. 220, 5

c

which of the following is not an adequate form of fall protection a. safety nets b. PFAs c. body belts d. gaurdrails

c

_________: complete path of the current. Includes electricity source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater)

circuit

containers must be provided for the ________ and ________ of waste, trash, oily and used rags

collection and separation

_________ laws are laws that follow judicial precedents.

common

what is a CSHO?

compliance safety and health officer - conducts OSHA inspections

safety, quality, and productivity all _______________ one another

compliment

___________: substance with little resistance

conductor

sub part AA covers

confined spaces

to be grounded means that electrical equipment is

connected to the earth (electrically neutral source)

29 CFR 1926 cover the standards for ________________

construction

_________ employer: employer who is responsible, by contract or through actual practice, for safety and health conditions on the work site

controlling

_________ employer: employer who has the responsibility for actually correcting the hazard

correcting

_________ employer: employer who actually creates the hazard

creating

__________: electrical movement (measured in amps)

current

OSHA requires that employers provide fall protection in which of the following ways before work may begin near a fall hazard of 6 ft or more? a. placing guardrails around the hazard area b. deploying safety nets c. providing personal fall arrest systems for each employee d. all of the above

d

name a primary factor that affects the shock severity a person receives when he is part of an electrical circuit a. amount of current flowing through the body b. flow of current through the body c. length of time current flows through the body d. all of the above

d

people can be protected from electrical hazards by a. insulating the conductors b. insulating the people c. isolating the danger d. all of the above

d

__________ _________: a "near-miss" which could have led to serious injury or loss of life

dangerous occurance

four main types of electrical injuries:

direct: 1. electrocution/death 2. electrical shock 3. burns; indirect: 4. falls

temporary lights shall not be suspended by their ______________ ________ unless they are designed to do so

electrical cords

What does sub part K cover

electrical hazards

before using PPE, you should use __________ and ________ _________ controls to eliminate or reduce hazards

engineering and work practice controls

what are the three Es of prevention?

engineering, education, enforcement

four areas that preventative measures can be used to enhance safety: (3 E's plus one other)

engineering, education, enforcement, motivation

_________________ _________________: arrangements to cover those activities in the workplace which affect the environment and possibly the health and safety of employees and others.

environmental protection

_________ employer: employer whose employees are exposed to the hazards

exposing

for multi-employer work sites, name the four types of employers

exposing, creating, controlling, and correcting

what does sub part M cover

fall protection

Name the fatal four

falls, struck by, electric shock, and caught in/between

T or F: electrical tape is an acceptable method for insulating a cord when its manufactured insulation is torn

false

T or F: extension cords can be of any type as long as it is sufficiently long

false

T or F: removing the ground pin from a plug does not create an unsafe work environment

false

T or F: removing the ground pin from an extension cord is okay, IF a competent person signs off on it

false

T or F: the employee must furnish his own fall protection equipement

false

T or F: lanyards and vertical lifelines shall have a minimum breaking strength of 2500 lbs

false (5000 lbs)

construction work is inherently dangerous and injuries are more likely to occur = ________________ ___________

fatalistic view

what does sub part F cover

fire protection and prevention

vertical distance a worker travels between the onset of a fall until just prior to the point where PFAs begins to arrest the fall

free fall distance

means of egress must be maintained _________ ____ ____________

free of obstructions

OSH Act General Duty Clause: each employer shall ____________ to each of his employees employment and a place of employment free of ____________ that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employee

furnish/provide; hazards

the most common form of fall protection is ____________

gaurdrails

29 CFR 1910 covers the standards for?

general industry

what does sub part B cover

general interpretations

what does sub part A cover

general requirements

what does sub part C cover

general safety and health provisions

___________: a conductive physical connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure. the earth is electrical neutral (zero volts)

grounding

__________: the POTENTIAL of a substance, activity, or process to cause harm

hazard

_____________: the protection of the bodies and minds of people from ILLNESS resulting from the materials, processes, or procedures used in the workplace

health

electricity travels in a closed circuit from ______ to _____ potential, normally through a conductor

high to low

covers must bear the markings "_______"

hole

three factors motivating safety:

humanitarianism, economic benefits, legalities

exemptions for WC coverage in Alabama

if you have less than 5 employees

_____________ ____ ____________ means that other standards' mandatory provisions have the same force and effect of law as OSHA standards

incorporated by reference

safety data sheets (SDSs) do what?

inform employees of hazardous chemicals' dangers and precautions

29 CFR 1903

inspections, citations, and proposed penalties

define confined space

lack of egress, subject to accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants, lack of oxygen (<19.5%)

measuring outcomes and occurrences "after the fact" is called a _____________ indicator

lagging

self retracting, shock absorbing, synthetic rope, and synthetic webbing are all types of ___________

lanyards

PPE is the ________ level of control

last

measuring proactively to predict the occurrence of events is called a ____________ indicator

leading

__________ _____: an unprotected side and edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed

leading edge

__________: an obligation to rectify or recompense any injury or damage for which the liable person has been held responsible

liability

safety vs productivity and quality vs productivity have a _________ relationship

linear

what is an example of a permanent partial disability

loss of 1 arm or 1 eye

what is an example of a permanent total disability

loss of both arms or both eyes

examples of indirect costs of injuries

loss of crew productivity, damaged material/equipment, replacement worker (cost of training)

29 CFR 1915, 1917, and 1918 cover the standards for ____________

maritime

what does NIOSH stand for

national institute of occupational safety and health

the largest organization in the US devoted solely to safety and health practices and procedures

national safety council (NSC)

_________ ________: an incident involving no injury and no property damage, but high potential for such occurrence existed

near miss

____________ ____ ___ ___________ __________: if a fellow worker in any way contributed to the accident, then the employer is not liable for damages

negligent act of fellow workers

what are some worker rights related to injury and illness reporting?

no retaliation, know how to report, training, participation in inspections, examination of medical records

what does sub part D cover

occupational health and environmental controls

_____________ or __________________________________: is concerned with those illnesses or physical and mental disorders that are either caused or triggered by workplace activities

occupational or work-related ill-health

______ gates involve adding to find the probability of the event

or

___________ system: a preventative system that does not involve the actions of employees

passive

what does sub part E cover

personal protective equipment

examples of occupational illnesses:

poisoning, skin diseases, respiratory conditions

a ______________ ___________ is above and beyond a competent person

qualified person (ex: PE)

what does 29 CFR Part 1904 cover

recording and reporting occupational injuries and illnesses

OSHA record-able injuries = ?

required medical treatment (other than first aid), near misses, lost time injuries, loss of consciousness, death, transfer to another task/job, restriction of work or motion

___________: restriction of electrical flow

resistance

goal of worker's comp. is to....

return to work

_________ : the LIKELIHOOD of a substance, activity, or process to cause harm

risk

_____________: the protection of people from physical INJURY

safety

what is SHARP?

safety and health achievement recognition program

incorporated by reference will be mandatory in provisions using the word "_______"

shall

what is an OSHA variance?

special time granted for a contractor to become compliant with a new regulation

_________ laws are enacted by the highest governing power in any jurisdiction

statute

connectors, including D-rings, must be made of drop-forged, pressed, or formed _______

steel

what is an example of a temporary partial disability

strained muscle

________ _________: growing concept that a manufacturer of a product is liable for injuries due to defects without a necessity for plaintiff to show negligence or fault

strict liability

3 types of variances for OSHA regulations

temporary, permanent, and experimental

what is the domino theory

the accident or incident that occurred is only the tip of the iceburg

define assumption of risk

the worker knew the job was dangerous

______: a wrongful act or failure to exercise due care for which civil legal action may result

tort

total distance a worker can fall safely before impacting an object below the working surface

total fall distance

T or F: a power tool may be ungrounded if it is double insulated

true

T or F: all portable tools are required to be grounded unless they are double insulated

true

T or F: burns are the most common shock related injury

true

T or F: current above 10 mA can paralyze or "freeze" muscles

true

T or F: employers must train workers on the correct uses for PFAs

true

T or F: flexible cords must not be run through holes in walls, ceilings, or floors

true

T or F: open-sided floors and platforms 6 ft or more in height must be gaurded

true

T or F: wet skin has a lower resistance than dry skin

true

T or F: a safety net system can be installed 25 ft below the walking surface

true (max. is 30 ft)

T or F: there are multiple ways to calculate WCIP other than MR

true: MR, ER, schedule rating, retrospective rating, premium discounting, combination method (2 or more methods together)

hole coverings must be able to support ______ the weight of the employees, equipment, and materials that may be imposed on them at one time

twice

_______: the electrical pressure (measure of electrical force)

volts

______: the power consumed

watts

__________ are the ropes and straps used in lifelines, lanyards, and strength components of body harnesses

webbing

_____________: the provision of facilities to maintain the health and well-being of individuals in the workplace

welfare

what are the four OSHA violation types:

willful, serious, other-than-serious, repeated

define contributory negligence

worker ignored warnings (ex. refused to use proper PPE)

__________ ___________ was developed as a way to allow injured employees to be compensated appropriately without having to take their employers to court

workers compensation