Construction Safety Exam 1
a type _____ hard hat will reduce force of impact resulting from blow only to the top of the head
1
minimum factor of safety in calculating total fall distance is ______ ft
1
what are the two types of respirators
1. air purifying 2. supplied air
two sides/approaches of safety: ________________ and ______________
1. behavioral (training, attitudes) 2. physical (hazard elimination, PPE)
5 ways to purchase WC coverage in Alabama
1. from approved commercial carrier 2. from assigned risk pool 3. through group self-insure 4. individual self-insure 5. through approved alternative WC policy
four ways hazards can enter your body
1. ingestion 2.skin absorption 3. inhalation (most common) 4. injection (via cut or scratch)
name the 4 types of disabilities
1. temporary partial 2. temporary total 3. permanent partial 4. permanent total
employers with more than ____ employees must keep record of illnesses and injuries
10
a distance of _____ ft must be maintained while working by a power line of 50 kV or below
10 ft
temporary lights used in wet conditions shall be operated at ____ volts or less
12
the mid rail on a guardrail system must support _____ lbs
150
the construction industry accounts for more than ____ % of all workplace fatalities
17
What percentage of fatalities do electric shocks account for?
17%
guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems are required for platforms and runways that are less than _____ inch(es) wide
18
What percentage of fatalities do caught in/between's account for?
18%
PFAs must limit maximum arresting force to _______ lbs
1800
the first WC law was passed in what year?
1911
OSH Act was passed in the year?
1970
the liability crisis in which liability lawsuits caused premiums to skyrocket occurred during what time period
1980's
a type ____ hard hat will reduce force of lateral impact resulting from off-center blows in addition to the top of the head
2
minimum hole diameter to be covered is ____ inches
2
approximately ____ % of WC claims are fraudulant
20
What percentage of fatalities do struck by's account for?
22%
toeboard height
3.5 inches
What percentage of fatalities do falls account for?
33%
D-rings and snaphooks must be proof-tested to a tensile strength of ________ lbs
3600
the top of a guardrail must be between ____ and ____ inches from the working surface
39 and 45 (42 +/- 3)
safety nets must be drop tested with a ______ lb bag of sand prior to use
400
WC income benefits begin with the _____ day after disability occurs
4th
records must be maintained for ____ years at the establishment and be available for inspection
5
Live parts of _____ volts or more must be guarded
50
the toe board in a guardrail system must support ______ lbs
50
warning line tensile strength
500 lb
anchorage points must be able to support _______ lbs per employee
5000
open sided floors and platforms _____ ft or more in height must be guarded
6
proper fall protection must be provided when a worker is ______ above a lower level
6 ft
PFAs must be rigged so that employee can't free fall more than _____ ft nor contact the ________ _________
6 ft, lower level
control line must be flagged every ___ ft and have a minimum breaking strength of ____ lbs
6, 200
currents greater than ____ mA can cause a rapid, ineffective heartbeat in which death can/will occur
75
safety nets must extend outward when the vertical distance between working platform and net is <5 ft, 5-10 ft, and >10 ft a minimum of ___, ____, and ___ ft, respectively
8, 10, 13
hearing protection is required when an employee's noise exposure exceeds _____ hrs at a sound level of _____ dBA
8, 90
examples of standards incorporated by reference under OSHA
ANSI, NEC, NFPA
class _____ hard hats are not intended to provide protection against contact with electrical conductors
C
class ____ hard hats are used in utility work
E
class ____ hard hats are used in general construction
G
who is the father of modern safety (1913)
H. W. Heinrich (domino theory)
what is the judicial branch of OSHA called?
OSHRC - occupational safety and health review comission
governmental agency designated to develop and enforce safety and health standards
Occupational Health and Safety Administration
anchorage, lifeline, and body harness are all examples of _______
PFAs
a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI): a. detects ground faults and interrupts the flow of electric current and is designed to protect the worker by limiting the duration of an electrical shock b. detects ground faults and interrupts the electric source thus, it disables the equipment that is attached: however, the worker is still exposed to electrocution c. a tool used to determine if a power system is properly grounded d. all of the above
a
when guardrails are used at hoisting areas, what must be placed at the opening
a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section
define competent person
a person who is KNOWLEDGEABLE and has AUTHORIZATION to make decisions
___________: an unplanned event, generally with negative consequences, that may or may not be associated with property damage or an injury
accident
give an example of why OSHA would conduct an inspect at your workplace
accident investigation, high risk job, random/scheduled
define fellow-worker doctrine
accident was precipitated by another worker, not the employer
__________ system: a protective system and a set of components that require manipulation by employees that make them effective in providing protection
active
__________ laws are laws by which an executive prescribes the criteria under which any statute or desired control will be carried out
administrative
examples of direct costs of injuries
ambulance, medical treatment, disability benefits
what does ANSI stand for?
american national standards institute
______: the volume or intensity of the electrical flow
amps
_____ gates involve multiplying to find the probability of the event
and
____________ __ _______: occurs when a person is aware of a danger and its extent, and knowingly exposes himself, assumes all risk and cannot recover damages even though he is injured through no fault of his own
assumption of risk
when a power system is properly grounded, workers need to be aware that: a. it is a safe system and cannot change from safe to hazardous; therefore working with electrical equipment is always safe b. electrical equipment can instantly change from safe to hazardous because of extreme conditions and rough treatment c. the system will remain safe and will not be impacted by changing worksite conditions or electrical equipment d. there is no need to worry about the power system because it is properly grounded
b
which of the following is a safe work practice to protect you from electrocution hazards? a. use GFCI only when using double insulated power tools b. do not operate electrical equipment when working in wet conditions c. attach ungrounded, two -prong adapter plugs to three-prong cords and tools d. using multi-receptacle boxes designed to be mounted by fitting them with a power cord and placing them on the floor
b
of the choices below, the maximum deceleration distance to bring an employee to a complete stop is: a. 2 ft b. 3 ft c. 4 ft d. 1 ft
b, max is 3.5 ft
what part of the body is the most frequently injured?
back
never substitute a ___________ ________ when you should use gloves
barrier cream
what is an example of a temporary total disability
broken bone
what does BLS stand for
bureau of labor statistics
_______ are the most common shock-related injury
burns
control lines must be flagged every _____ ft and have a minimum breaking strength of _____ lbs a. 2, 50 b. 4, 100 c. 6, 200 d. 8, 500
c
top guardrails must be able to withstand a force of at least ________ lbs applied in the outward and downward direction within ______ inches of the top edge a. 125, 4 b. 150, 6 c. 200, 2 d. 220, 5
c
which of the following is not an adequate form of fall protection a. safety nets b. PFAs c. body belts d. gaurdrails
c
_________: complete path of the current. Includes electricity source, a conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater)
circuit
containers must be provided for the ________ and ________ of waste, trash, oily and used rags
collection and separation
_________ laws are laws that follow judicial precedents.
common
what is a CSHO?
compliance safety and health officer - conducts OSHA inspections
safety, quality, and productivity all _______________ one another
compliment
___________: substance with little resistance
conductor
sub part AA covers
confined spaces
to be grounded means that electrical equipment is
connected to the earth (electrically neutral source)
29 CFR 1926 cover the standards for ________________
construction
_________ employer: employer who is responsible, by contract or through actual practice, for safety and health conditions on the work site
controlling
_________ employer: employer who has the responsibility for actually correcting the hazard
correcting
_________ employer: employer who actually creates the hazard
creating
__________: electrical movement (measured in amps)
current
OSHA requires that employers provide fall protection in which of the following ways before work may begin near a fall hazard of 6 ft or more? a. placing guardrails around the hazard area b. deploying safety nets c. providing personal fall arrest systems for each employee d. all of the above
d
name a primary factor that affects the shock severity a person receives when he is part of an electrical circuit a. amount of current flowing through the body b. flow of current through the body c. length of time current flows through the body d. all of the above
d
people can be protected from electrical hazards by a. insulating the conductors b. insulating the people c. isolating the danger d. all of the above
d
__________ _________: a "near-miss" which could have led to serious injury or loss of life
dangerous occurance
four main types of electrical injuries:
direct: 1. electrocution/death 2. electrical shock 3. burns; indirect: 4. falls
temporary lights shall not be suspended by their ______________ ________ unless they are designed to do so
electrical cords
What does sub part K cover
electrical hazards
before using PPE, you should use __________ and ________ _________ controls to eliminate or reduce hazards
engineering and work practice controls
what are the three Es of prevention?
engineering, education, enforcement
four areas that preventative measures can be used to enhance safety: (3 E's plus one other)
engineering, education, enforcement, motivation
_________________ _________________: arrangements to cover those activities in the workplace which affect the environment and possibly the health and safety of employees and others.
environmental protection
_________ employer: employer whose employees are exposed to the hazards
exposing
for multi-employer work sites, name the four types of employers
exposing, creating, controlling, and correcting
what does sub part M cover
fall protection
Name the fatal four
falls, struck by, electric shock, and caught in/between
T or F: electrical tape is an acceptable method for insulating a cord when its manufactured insulation is torn
false
T or F: extension cords can be of any type as long as it is sufficiently long
false
T or F: removing the ground pin from a plug does not create an unsafe work environment
false
T or F: removing the ground pin from an extension cord is okay, IF a competent person signs off on it
false
T or F: the employee must furnish his own fall protection equipement
false
T or F: lanyards and vertical lifelines shall have a minimum breaking strength of 2500 lbs
false (5000 lbs)
construction work is inherently dangerous and injuries are more likely to occur = ________________ ___________
fatalistic view
what does sub part F cover
fire protection and prevention
vertical distance a worker travels between the onset of a fall until just prior to the point where PFAs begins to arrest the fall
free fall distance
means of egress must be maintained _________ ____ ____________
free of obstructions
OSH Act General Duty Clause: each employer shall ____________ to each of his employees employment and a place of employment free of ____________ that are causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employee
furnish/provide; hazards
the most common form of fall protection is ____________
gaurdrails
29 CFR 1910 covers the standards for?
general industry
what does sub part B cover
general interpretations
what does sub part A cover
general requirements
what does sub part C cover
general safety and health provisions
___________: a conductive physical connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure. the earth is electrical neutral (zero volts)
grounding
__________: the POTENTIAL of a substance, activity, or process to cause harm
hazard
_____________: the protection of the bodies and minds of people from ILLNESS resulting from the materials, processes, or procedures used in the workplace
health
electricity travels in a closed circuit from ______ to _____ potential, normally through a conductor
high to low
covers must bear the markings "_______"
hole
three factors motivating safety:
humanitarianism, economic benefits, legalities
exemptions for WC coverage in Alabama
if you have less than 5 employees
_____________ ____ ____________ means that other standards' mandatory provisions have the same force and effect of law as OSHA standards
incorporated by reference
safety data sheets (SDSs) do what?
inform employees of hazardous chemicals' dangers and precautions
29 CFR 1903
inspections, citations, and proposed penalties
define confined space
lack of egress, subject to accumulation of toxic or flammable contaminants, lack of oxygen (<19.5%)
measuring outcomes and occurrences "after the fact" is called a _____________ indicator
lagging
self retracting, shock absorbing, synthetic rope, and synthetic webbing are all types of ___________
lanyards
PPE is the ________ level of control
last
measuring proactively to predict the occurrence of events is called a ____________ indicator
leading
__________ _____: an unprotected side and edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working surface which changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed, or constructed
leading edge
__________: an obligation to rectify or recompense any injury or damage for which the liable person has been held responsible
liability
safety vs productivity and quality vs productivity have a _________ relationship
linear
what is an example of a permanent partial disability
loss of 1 arm or 1 eye
what is an example of a permanent total disability
loss of both arms or both eyes
examples of indirect costs of injuries
loss of crew productivity, damaged material/equipment, replacement worker (cost of training)
29 CFR 1915, 1917, and 1918 cover the standards for ____________
maritime
what does NIOSH stand for
national institute of occupational safety and health
the largest organization in the US devoted solely to safety and health practices and procedures
national safety council (NSC)
_________ ________: an incident involving no injury and no property damage, but high potential for such occurrence existed
near miss
____________ ____ ___ ___________ __________: if a fellow worker in any way contributed to the accident, then the employer is not liable for damages
negligent act of fellow workers
what are some worker rights related to injury and illness reporting?
no retaliation, know how to report, training, participation in inspections, examination of medical records
what does sub part D cover
occupational health and environmental controls
_____________ or __________________________________: is concerned with those illnesses or physical and mental disorders that are either caused or triggered by workplace activities
occupational or work-related ill-health
______ gates involve adding to find the probability of the event
or
___________ system: a preventative system that does not involve the actions of employees
passive
what does sub part E cover
personal protective equipment
examples of occupational illnesses:
poisoning, skin diseases, respiratory conditions
a ______________ ___________ is above and beyond a competent person
qualified person (ex: PE)
what does 29 CFR Part 1904 cover
recording and reporting occupational injuries and illnesses
OSHA record-able injuries = ?
required medical treatment (other than first aid), near misses, lost time injuries, loss of consciousness, death, transfer to another task/job, restriction of work or motion
___________: restriction of electrical flow
resistance
goal of worker's comp. is to....
return to work
_________ : the LIKELIHOOD of a substance, activity, or process to cause harm
risk
_____________: the protection of people from physical INJURY
safety
what is SHARP?
safety and health achievement recognition program
incorporated by reference will be mandatory in provisions using the word "_______"
shall
what is an OSHA variance?
special time granted for a contractor to become compliant with a new regulation
_________ laws are enacted by the highest governing power in any jurisdiction
statute
connectors, including D-rings, must be made of drop-forged, pressed, or formed _______
steel
what is an example of a temporary partial disability
strained muscle
________ _________: growing concept that a manufacturer of a product is liable for injuries due to defects without a necessity for plaintiff to show negligence or fault
strict liability
3 types of variances for OSHA regulations
temporary, permanent, and experimental
what is the domino theory
the accident or incident that occurred is only the tip of the iceburg
define assumption of risk
the worker knew the job was dangerous
______: a wrongful act or failure to exercise due care for which civil legal action may result
tort
total distance a worker can fall safely before impacting an object below the working surface
total fall distance
T or F: a power tool may be ungrounded if it is double insulated
true
T or F: all portable tools are required to be grounded unless they are double insulated
true
T or F: burns are the most common shock related injury
true
T or F: current above 10 mA can paralyze or "freeze" muscles
true
T or F: employers must train workers on the correct uses for PFAs
true
T or F: flexible cords must not be run through holes in walls, ceilings, or floors
true
T or F: open-sided floors and platforms 6 ft or more in height must be gaurded
true
T or F: wet skin has a lower resistance than dry skin
true
T or F: a safety net system can be installed 25 ft below the walking surface
true (max. is 30 ft)
T or F: there are multiple ways to calculate WCIP other than MR
true: MR, ER, schedule rating, retrospective rating, premium discounting, combination method (2 or more methods together)
hole coverings must be able to support ______ the weight of the employees, equipment, and materials that may be imposed on them at one time
twice
_______: the electrical pressure (measure of electrical force)
volts
______: the power consumed
watts
__________ are the ropes and straps used in lifelines, lanyards, and strength components of body harnesses
webbing
_____________: the provision of facilities to maintain the health and well-being of individuals in the workplace
welfare
what are the four OSHA violation types:
willful, serious, other-than-serious, repeated
define contributory negligence
worker ignored warnings (ex. refused to use proper PPE)
__________ ___________ was developed as a way to allow injured employees to be compensated appropriately without having to take their employers to court
workers compensation
