Consumer Behavior 2
_____________ is a series of activities by which stimuli are perceived, transformed into information, and stored
information processing
Which of the following is considered a stimulus factor affecting attention?
position
Which type of memory structure is a complex web of associations?
schema
__________ is the emotional or feeling response triggered by a stimulus such as an ad.
Affective interpretation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on which premise?
All of these choices are correct
Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept?
All of these choices are correct
_________ attempts to create an association between a stimulus (e.g. brand name) and some response (e.g. behavior or feeling)
Classical conditioning
One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _________ and ________ - which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad
Independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept
Which of the following is not used to classify McGuire's psychological motives?
Is the outcome of the behavior temporary or permanent?
_____________ refers to presenting one of two equivalent value outcomes either in positive or gain terms or in negative or loss terms.
Message framing
___________ attempts to create an association between a response (e.g. buying a brand) ands one outcome (e.g. satisfaction) that serves to reinforce the response
Operant and conditioning
__________ indicated motivation or interest in a specific product category, and it can be temporary or enduring
Product involvement
When asked what the concept "New Year's" meant to Holly, she. mentioned the following: party, holiday, new beginning, football, fun, resolution, and winter. Holly's basic knowledge and feelings she has about this concept comprises her
Semantic memory
A learned predisposition to respond in consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object is known as a(n)
attitude
Which component of attitude represents one's tendency to respond in a certain manner toward an object or activity?
behavioral
When Honda introduced its Odyssey mini-van, its advertising merely claimed, "It's the Honda of mini-vans." This is an example of
brand leverage
A set of human characteristics that become associated with a brand is referred to as
brand personality
In McGuire's classification of motives, which ones focus on the person's need for being adaptively oriented toward the environment and achieving a sense of meaning?
cognitive
Which component of attitudes consists of a consumer's beliefs about an object?
cognitive
__________ is the first strategy a loyal consumer uses when their favorite brand is attacked with negative information
discrediting
Which of the following is a characteristic associated with emotions?
Emotions are often triggered by environmental events
Which of the following is considered an outward expression of one's self-concept?
Lifestyle
______________ is a drive state created by consumer interests and needs.
Motivation
Which of the following is used to understand a consumer's cognitive component of attitude?
Multiattribute attitude model
The likelihood and ease with which information can be recalled from long-term memory is termed
accessibility
Feelings or emotional reactions to an object reflect the _____ component of an attitude.
affective
Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes all except which of the following?
cognition
Which trait reflects an individual difference in consumers' propensity to be biased against the purchase of foreign products?
consumer ethnocentrism
Which of the following stages of the information-processing model constitute perception?
exposure, attention, and interpretation
The idea behind _____ is that different parts of our brain are better suited for focused versus nonfocused attention.
hemispheric lateralization
Which of the following is motivational state caused by consumer perceptions that a product, brand, or advertisement is relevant or interesting:
involvement
The minimum amount that one stimulates can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the
just noticeable difference
James begged his mother to buy him some high-top Converse shoes. When asked why he wanted these shoes, he said that he wanted them because they are comfortable. He really wanted them because his two best friends have them, and if he had them, he would be considered "cool," but he didn't want to tell his mother that. Wanting to appear "cool" to his friends represents which type of motive?
latent
Any change in the content or organization of long-term memory or behavior is known as
learning
Which portion of total memory is devoted to permanent information storage?
long-term memory
Motives that are known and freely submitted are called
manifest motives
____________ is the total accumulation of prior learning experiences
memory
The energizing force that activates behavior and provides purpose and direction to that behavior is known as
motivation
Shelby wears Tommy Hilfiger clothing and drives an expensive automobile. He likes these types of brands because he feels they communicate his image to others. These brands are satisfying Shelby's _____.
need for expression
____________ are(is) the use of previously stores experiences, values, attitudes, beliefs, and feelings to interpret and evaluate information in working memory as well as to add relevant previously stored information
Elaborate activities
Nick looked up a phone number in the telephone directory, and instead of writing it down, he kept repeating it to himself over and over until he could punch the numbers and make the call. Which of the following describes what Nick was doing?
Maintenance rehearsal
Strong, relatively uncontrollable feelings that affect our behavior are known as
emotions
Perception is a process that begins with consumer exposure and attention to marketing stimuli and ends with consumer
interpretation
What is the premise underlying geodemographic analysis?
lifestyle, and the consumption, is largely driven by DEMOGRAPHIC factors
What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers?
primary motivation and resources
How does mere exposure enhance attitudes?
through enhanced familiarity
For a period of time, Energizer Batteries used mock commercials for seemingly boring, mundane products. A few seconds into the mock commercial, viewers heard the distinctive drumbeat of the Energizer Bunny before it marched across the screen. Several viewers said that when they heard the drums, they looked at and attended to the commercial because they liked the bunny. However, over time, viewers stopped paying attention to the commercial. What theory suggests that if a stimulus doesn't change, over time we adapt or habituate to it and begin to notice it less?
adaptation level theory
Which of the following reflects the relatively stable behavior tendencies that individuals display across a variety of situations?
personality
Jennifer sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than she and her family. This totality of Jennifer's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her_______.
self-concept
Which of the following characteristics influencing interpretation represents factors beyond the stimulus itself?
situational