Consumer Behavior 2

_____________ is a series of activities by which stimuli are perceived, transformed into information, and stored

information processing

Which of the following is considered a stimulus factor affecting attention?

position

Which type of memory structure is a complex web of associations?

schema

__________ is the emotional or feeling response triggered by a stimulus such as an ad.

Affective interpretation

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on which premise?

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept?

All of these choices are correct

_________ attempts to create an association between a stimulus (e.g. brand name) and some response (e.g. behavior or feeling)

Classical conditioning

One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _________ and ________ - which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad

Independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

Which of the following is not used to classify McGuire's psychological motives?

Is the outcome of the behavior temporary or permanent?

_____________ refers to presenting one of two equivalent value outcomes either in positive or gain terms or in negative or loss terms.

Message framing

___________ attempts to create an association between a response (e.g. buying a brand) ands one outcome (e.g. satisfaction) that serves to reinforce the response

Operant and conditioning

__________ indicated motivation or interest in a specific product category, and it can be temporary or enduring

Product involvement

When asked what the concept "New Year's" meant to Holly, she. mentioned the following: party, holiday, new beginning, football, fun, resolution, and winter. Holly's basic knowledge and feelings she has about this concept comprises her

Semantic memory

A learned predisposition to respond in consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object is known as a(n)

attitude

Which component of attitude represents one's tendency to respond in a certain manner toward an object or activity?

behavioral

When Honda introduced its Odyssey mini-van, its advertising merely claimed, "It's the Honda of mini-vans." This is an example of

brand leverage

A set of human characteristics that become associated with a brand is referred to as

brand personality

In McGuire's classification of motives, which ones focus on the person's need for being adaptively oriented toward the environment and achieving a sense of meaning?

cognitive

Which component of attitudes consists of a consumer's beliefs about an object?

cognitive

__________ is the first strategy a loyal consumer uses when their favorite brand is attacked with negative information

discrediting

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with emotions?

Emotions are often triggered by environmental events

Which of the following is considered an outward expression of one's self-concept?

Lifestyle

______________ is a drive state created by consumer interests and needs.

Motivation

Which of the following is used to understand a consumer's cognitive component of attitude?

Multiattribute attitude model

The likelihood and ease with which information can be recalled from long-term memory is termed

accessibility

Feelings or emotional reactions to an object reflect the _____ component of an attitude.

affective

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes all except which of the following?

cognition

Which trait reflects an individual difference in consumers' propensity to be biased against the purchase of foreign products?

consumer ethnocentrism

Which of the following stages of the information-processing model constitute perception?

exposure, attention, and interpretation

The idea behind _____ is that different parts of our brain are better suited for focused versus nonfocused attention.

hemispheric lateralization

Which of the following is motivational state caused by consumer perceptions that a product, brand, or advertisement is relevant or interesting:

involvement

The minimum amount that one stimulates can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the

just noticeable difference

James begged his mother to buy him some high-top Converse shoes. When asked why he wanted these shoes, he said that he wanted them because they are comfortable. He really wanted them because his two best friends have them, and if he had them, he would be considered "cool," but he didn't want to tell his mother that. Wanting to appear "cool" to his friends represents which type of motive?

latent

Any change in the content or organization of long-term memory or behavior is known as

learning

Which portion of total memory is devoted to permanent information storage?

long-term memory

Motives that are known and freely submitted are called

manifest motives

____________ is the total accumulation of prior learning experiences

memory

The energizing force that activates behavior and provides purpose and direction to that behavior is known as

motivation

Shelby wears Tommy Hilfiger clothing and drives an expensive automobile. He likes these types of brands because he feels they communicate his image to others. These brands are satisfying Shelby's _____.

need for expression

____________ are(is) the use of previously stores experiences, values, attitudes, beliefs, and feelings to interpret and evaluate information in working memory as well as to add relevant previously stored information

Elaborate activities

Nick looked up a phone number in the telephone directory, and instead of writing it down, he kept repeating it to himself over and over until he could punch the numbers and make the call. Which of the following describes what Nick was doing?

Maintenance rehearsal

Strong, relatively uncontrollable feelings that affect our behavior are known as

emotions

Perception is a process that begins with consumer exposure and attention to marketing stimuli and ends with consumer

interpretation

What is the premise underlying geodemographic analysis?

lifestyle, and the consumption, is largely driven by DEMOGRAPHIC factors

What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers?

primary motivation and resources

How does mere exposure enhance attitudes?

through enhanced familiarity

For a period of time, Energizer Batteries used mock commercials for seemingly boring, mundane products. A few seconds into the mock commercial, viewers heard the distinctive drumbeat of the Energizer Bunny before it marched across the screen. Several viewers said that when they heard the drums, they looked at and attended to the commercial because they liked the bunny. However, over time, viewers stopped paying attention to the commercial. What theory suggests that if a stimulus doesn't change, over time we adapt or habituate to it and begin to notice it less?

adaptation level theory

Which of the following reflects the relatively stable behavior tendencies that individuals display across a variety of situations?

personality

Jennifer sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than she and her family. This totality of Jennifer's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her_______.

self-concept

Which of the following characteristics influencing interpretation represents factors beyond the stimulus itself?

situational