CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TEST 2 11-13, 2, 6 & 7
Nonconventional marketing activities that use a limited budget and can increase buzz are known as...
guerilla marketing
self-oriented values include...
hard work-leisure, active-passive, and religious-secular.
In which situation is the likelihood of an individual seeking an opinion leader high?
high product/purchase involvement and low product knowledge
Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be?
ideal self-concept
Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to seek adventure and excitement through travel, sports, and entertainment, to be opinion leaders, and to prefer magazines over TV?
independents
Which of the following is most closely related to verbal communications?
language
Which criterion is used to classify groups?
membership, strength of social tie, type of contact, attraction
Which of the following is a situational characteristic?
temporal perspective
T/F Mabel is embarrassed when shopping for adult diapers at a retail store. This negative emotion is influenced by both the product (adult diapers) and the situation.
TRUE
T/F Shopping with friends drives more impulse purchases than does shopping with family.
TRUE
Lifestyle is...
- a function of inherent individual characteristics that have been shaped and formed by life experiences. - a basic motivator for many purchases. - constantly evolving throughout the life cycle. - affected by the results of consumption decisions.
Which of the following is a type of situational influence?
- communications situation - purchase situation - usage situation - disposition situation
Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications?
- etiquette - time - symbols - relationships
Cultures differ in terms of...
-demographics -nonverbal communications -values -languages
T/F Traditionally, China has tended to value individualism over collectivism.
FALSE
T/F Attitudes formed under the peripheral route tend to be stronger and resistant to counterpersuasion attempts.
FALSE; control route, not peripheral
T/F One reason for the shift in changing family structures is the increase in the number of children families are having.
FALSE; family sizes are shrinking
T/F Appeal characteristics correspond to when a message is communicated.
FALSE; how not when
T/F Families considering the purchase of products such as a house, furniture, or a vacation typically use husband-dominant decision making.
FALSE; joint decision making
T/F Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as demographics, and is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle.
FALSE; psychographics, not demographics
T/F The constant flow of communication occurs when one person receives information from the mass media or other sources and passes it on to others.
FALSE; two-step flow, not constant
T/F A shift importance strategy is one technique marketers use to alter the cognitive component of a consumer's attitude
TRUE
T/F A stepfamily consists of a married-couple family household with at least one child under the age of 18 who is a stepchild (i.e., a son or daughter through marriage).
TRUE
T/F Fatalists tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events.
TRUE
T/F Language is one of the cultural factors that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy.
TRUE
Which of the following is true regarding value-expressive versus utilitarian appeals?
Utilitarian appeals are most effective for functional products.
a cultural norm is...
a set of rules that specify ranges of appropriate behaviors.
The household life cycle is based on...
age, marital status, and the presence and age of children
An enduring organization of motivational, emotional, perceptual, and cognitive processes with respect to some aspect of an individual's environment is...
an attitude
Normative influence occurs when...
an individual fulfills group expectations to gain a direct reward or to avoid a sanction.
A person who consistently filters, interprets, and/or provides information to other group members is...
an opinion leader
A person who is depressed, goes shopping, and buys something nice for herself/himself has been influenced by the...
antecedent state
Individuals frequently purchase products thought to be used by a desired group in order to achieve actual or symbolic membership in the group. This type of group is referred to as a(n)...
aspiration reference group
The elaboration likelihood model posits two routes to persuasion, which are the...
central and peripheral route
Which of the following values would be most critical for the success of a new antibacterial grocery cart handle?
cleanliness
Mitch likes Toyota automobiles because he thinks they have the highest reliability of all automobiles. His belief about Toyota's reliability represents which component of Mitch's attitude?
cognitive
Which of the following are components of the physical environment?
colors, aromas, music, crowding
The process in which young people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes relevant to their functioning as consumers in the marketplaces is known as...
consumer socialization
To understand a consumer's behavior, we must know about the...
consumer, situation, and stimulus object
Harley-Davidson motorcycle owners that join a Harley group, Jeep owners that attend events sponsored by Jeep, and Star Trek "Trekkies" are all examples of...
consumption subcultures
Cultures that value __________ accept a wide variety of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services.
diversity
The __________ holds that low involvement results in a "peripheral route" to attitude change in which consumers form impressions based on readily available cues.
elaboration likelihood model
Another name for the mere ownership effect is the __________ effect.
endowment
One's self and those possessions that form part of one's self-identity is referred to as...
extended self
Which of the following is the primary source of consumer socialization?
family
__________ is the process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made.
family decision making
Which of the following values would be most critical for the success of mandated package recycling?
nature
Which of the following do marketers need to be concerned about with respect to using celebrities as company spokespersons?
overexposure of the celebrity, negative behavior involving the spokesperson, and image of the celebrity does not match the image of the product or brand
Which of the following is not considered to be a component of an attitude?
perceptual component
What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers?
primary motivation and resources
How differently you might behave at Target if you are there only to browse versus being there to replace a broken vaccuum is known as which situation?
purchase
What family purchase role is played by the individual who actually purchases the product the family has decided upon?
purchaser
__________ result when cultural norms are violated.
sanctions
The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to him- or herself as an object is one's...
self-concept
All those factors particular to a time and place that do not follow from knowledge of the stable attributes of the consumer and the stimulus and that have an effect on current behavior are known as...
situational influence
a servicescape is...
the atmosphere of a service business.
The greater the role specialization and the more closely related the product is to the area of specialization...
the less likely a joint decision will be made.
A family purchase decision differs from an organizational decision in...
the level of emotion involved
A group is broadly defined as...
two or more individuals who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs and have certain implicitly or explicitly defined relationships to one another such that their behavior is interdependent.
An advertisement for the Honda Civic Hybrid featured gas mileage in the subheading (49 city/51 highway). The copy also noted that owners of this automobile may be eligible for a clean-fuel tax deduction. At the time this ad appeared, gas was over $3.00 per gallon, which made the information important to consumers. This is an example of which type of appeal?
utilitarian appeal
Instead of featuring any functional benefits of the product or brand in ads for the iPod, this product was introduced by showing a silhouette of a person dancing with the white earbuds and holding a white iPod MP3 player. Which type of advertising appeal does this illustrate?
value-expressive appeal
In which of the following consumption situations will a reference group's influence be strongest?
when the use of the product or brand is visible to the group
