Coronary Artery Disease Evolve
For a health care research study, the nurse is identifying obese women at risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). What are the appropriate criteria for the selection of at-risk women?
"Apple"-shaped figure Body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m 2
What instruction should the nurse give to a patient to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by lowering LDL cholesterol? Multiple selection question
"Increase complex carbohydrates such as fruit." "Increase fiber intake by eating food such as legumes." "Choose foods made with whole grains such as brown rice."
Which suggestion is most important for the nurse to provide to a patient with a waist circumference of 42 inches?
"Exercise regularly to maintain an ideal body weight."
The nurse provides information to a patient about ways to decrease risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
"I will change my lifestyle to alter patterns that add to my stress."
The nurse provides discharge teaching to a patient who is newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which statement made by the patient indicates understanding of the dietary modifications that need to be implemented after discharge home?
"I will not eat bacon or any pork products."
A nurse provides discharge teaching to a patient prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets for the treatment of chronic stable angina. Which statement made by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
"I will put the bottle in my front or back pant pockets before I leave the house."
Which statement by an 84-year-old patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) indicates understanding of discharge teaching about physical activity?
"I will use longer rest periods between exercise sessions."
Which statement by an 84-year-old patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) indicates understanding of discharge teaching about physical activity? Multiple choice question
"I will use longer rest periods between exercise sessions."
What instruction should the nurse give to the patient who is predisposed to coronary artery disease (CAD)?
"Limit concentrated fruit juice." "Choose foods such as buckwheat and oats."
What instruction should the nurse give to the patient who is predisposed to coronary artery disease (CAD)? Multiple selection question
"Limit concentrated fruit juice." "Choose foods such as buckwheat and oats."
What advice should the nurse give to a patient who has a blood pressure of 150/100 mm Hg?
"Reduce salt in your diet." "Increase daily physical activity."
The nurse provides information to a patient about preventing coronary artery disease (CAD) by maintaining healthy serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The nurse should include what goals? Multiple choice question
Decreased LDLs; increased HDLs
The nurse assesses a patient with a family history of myocardial infarction (MI). Which assessment data indicates to the nurse that the patient has additional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
2, 4, 5, 6 Serum cholesterol level of 260 mg/dL Stress from family problems Living together with son who smokes two packs of cigarettes per day Working a lot and not exercising (sorry forget exact wording lol pressed next too soon)
The nurse is providing care to a patient with chronic stable angina that is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. What finding associated with myocardial ischemia could be obtained by this diagnostic procedure?
70% block in right coronary artery
Which individuals would the nurse identify as having the highest risk for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
A 45-year-old depressed male with a high-stress job
A nurse is assessing a 15-year-old patient that has a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m 2. What is the first change in the coronary artery that occurs that makes patients susceptible to coronary artery disease?
Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium
What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient who smokes cigarettes and is predisposed to developing coronary artery disease?
Discuss medication to assist with smoking cessation
A nurse who is preparing a patient for cardiac catheterization should perform a baseline assessment of vital signs, pulse oximetry, and heart and lung sounds. What other vital assessment should the nurse include?
Allergies
When evaluating a patient's knowledge regarding a low-sodium, low-fat cardiac diet, the nurse recognizes additional teaching is needed when the patient selects which food item?
Canned chicken noodle soup
The nurse identifies that which risk factors predispose a patient to metabolic syndrome? Multiple selection question
Central obesity Elevated fasting blood glucose Fasting triglyceride level: 175 mg/dL Hypertension
A patient that takes digoxin daily is being treated for hyperlipidemia. The nurse should question a prescription for what lipid-lowering drug that the patient is scheduled to take? Multiple choice question
Cholestyramine
The nurse reviews a patient's medical record and notes documentation of what condition that refers to arterial anastomoses or connections?
Collateral circulation
The rupture of plaque in the artery occurs in which stage of the pathogenesis of arterial disease?
Complicated lesion
A patient takes atorvastatin to lower the patient's LDL level and to increase the HDL level. The patient reports a recent onset of muscle weakness and pain. The nurse identifies that what lab studies should be performed?
Creatine kinase isoenzymes
To reduce a patient's risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), the nurse recognizes that dietary teaching is needed when the patient's high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) profile reveals what two abnormal results? Multiple choice question
Decreased HDLs; increased LDLs
A nurse teaches a patient about strategies to prevent angina caused by coronary artery disease. The nurse tells the patient that if a heavy meal is eaten, to rest for 1 to 2 hours after the meal. What is the rationale for this instruction?
Eating a heavy meal would divert more blood to the gastrointestinal system.
The nurse is reviewing a patient's lipid profile results. Which level increases the patient's risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)? Multiple choice question
Elevated LDLs
The nurse is caring for a patient with liver impairment and should question a prescription for which lipid-lowering medication?
Ezetimibe
Which is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?
Family history of heart disease
A patient recently diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) asks the nurse: "What caused my problem?" The nurse responds that the CAD was most likely caused by what? Multiple choice question
Fatty deposits on the walls of the coronary arteries
A nurse is teaching a patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) to decrease saturated and increase polyunsaturated dietary fat. Which major sources of polyunsaturated fats should the nurse include?
Food from soybean Walnuts
A nurse assesses a patient whose angiogram revealed an 80% blockage of the left circumflex artery and 70% blockage of the right coronary artery. The patient does not show any symptoms of coronary ischemia. What is the most likely reason for this finding?
Formation of collateral circulation
Which drug reduces triglycerides by decreasing the hepatic synthesis and secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)?
Gemfibrozil
The lipid profile of a patient is indicative of hyperlipidemia. A nurse advises the patient to consume a diet rich in nutrients that increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels based on what rationale? Multiple selection question
HDLs transport lipids to the liver for metabolism. HDLs prevent deposition of lipids in the blood vessels.
The nurse considers a patient's risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). The patient's assessment findings include age 78, African American, diagnosis of hypertension, cholesterol level of 250 mg/dL, and a fasting triglyceride level of 195 mg/dL. The nurse determines that the patient is at what risk for CAD?
High risk
A 55-year-old patient with cardiovascular disease (CVD) receives a recommendation from the health care provider to take 81 mg of aspirin daily. The nurse reviews the patient's medical record and identifies which medication contraindications?
History of stroke History of gastrointestinal bleeding
What will the nurse include when educating an older adult patient about a physical activity program to reduce the risk for coronary artery disease?
Include longer warm-up periods. Plan indoor exercise on summer days.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic stable angina that reports chest pain. What is a characteristic of pain related to this type of angina?
It will be relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both.
The nurse is caring for a patient with liver impairment and should question a prescription for which lipid-lowering medication? Multiple choice question
Less than 120/80 mm Hg
The nurse is auscultating the heart sounds of a patient with a myocardial infarction (MI). A new murmur is heard at the cardiac apex. The nurse suspects which complication?
Papillary muscle dysfunction
The nurse is caring for four male patients in a health care facility. Which patient has the highest risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Patient 3
The nurse is caring for patients who are receiving treatment to reduce lipoproteins and cholesterol. Which findings describe a patient who would experience intensified effects when given warfarin?
Patient B - Rashes on the skin, N/D, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of 66u/L
After reviewing the medical records of four patients, the nurse identifies that which patient is at the highest risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD)? Multiple choice question
Patient D: 72-year-old African American female with a cholesterol level of 300 mg/dL
After reviewing the lipid profile reports of four patients, the nurse expect that which patient will receive a prescription for cholestyramine?
Patient with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 190 mg/dL
Which is a characteristic of a complicated lesion?
Platelet aggregation and adhesion
The nurse is caring for patients who are receiving treatment to reduce lipoproteins and cholesterol. Which findings describe a patient who would experience intensified effects when given warfarin?
Pt. B
A patient is prescribed a statin drug to decrease levels of low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides. The nurse should teach the patient to observe for what symptoms?
Rash Muscle pain Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal disturbances
The nurse provides teaching to a patient recently diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which information related to health promotion should the nurse include?
Reduce total fat intake Increase complex carbohydrates in the diet Perform moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes a minimum of five days a week
Which behaviors can help reduce psychologic risk factors that contribute to the development of coronary artery disease?
Setting realistic goals for exercise Planning time for adequate rest and sleep
Upon taking a lipid-lowering medication for hyperlipidemia, a patient reports muscle pain. The nurse notes the patient has elevated liver enzymes and creatine kinase levels. It is most likely that the patient takes which lipid-lowering medication?
Simvastatin
Which complementary lipid-lowering agents may be recommended to a patient for reduction of total cholesterol? Multiple selection question
Soy Psyllium Plant sterols Red yeast rice
A male patient who has coronary artery disease (CAD) has serum lipid values of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 98 mg/dL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 47 mg/dL. What should the nurse include in the patient teaching?
The lipid levels are normal
Which factor leads to total occlusion of the coronary artery?
Thrombus formation in the coronary artery
A patient with hyperlipidemia has been prescribed niacin. The nurse administers aspirin 30 minutes before administering niacin for what reason?
To prevent flushing of skin
A nurse provides teaching to a patient about smoking cessation to decrease the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Why does the nurse discourage cigarette smoking? Multiple selection question
Tobacco smoke increases the low-density lipoprotein levels. Nicotine in tobacco smoke causes release of catecholamines. Carbon monoxide, found in tobacco smoke, affects the O 2-carrying capacity of haemoglobin.
A nurse reviews a patient's medical history and identifies which findings as major modifiable risk factors?
Tobacco use BP 150/92 mm Hg Waist circumference 42 inches
When providing nutritional counseling for patients at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), which dietary selections should the nurse encourage them to include in their meal-planning?
Tofu Walnuts Flaxseed
When advising an obese patient about ways to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD), the nurse suggests using tofu instead of chicken when making food dishes. Which reason led the nurse to make this suggestion? . Multiple selection question
Tofu is a good source of alpha-linolenic acid. Tofu increases omega-3 fatty acid levels in the body.
The nurse assesses an older patient for risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). What question should the nurse ask the patient? Multiple choice question
What is your BMI number?
The community health nurse is planning health promotion teaching targeted at preventing coronary artery disease (CAD). Which population has the highest incidence of CAD?
White male
The nurse provides medication education to a patient who recently was diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and that will begin taking lipid-lowering medications. What should the nurse include in the teaching? Multiple selection question
th niacin, flushing of the face and neck may occur within 20 minutes of taking the drug. Liver enzymes need to be monitored at initiation of simvastatin and with dosage increase. Ezetimibe, in combination with statins, produces greater reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. A major side effect of simvastatin is muscle weakness and pain.
