corrections - chapter 20

The belief that execution of wrongdoers deters others from committing the crime reflects . a. a moral belief b. a utilitarian belief c. an incapacitative belief d. a restorative belief

b. a utilitarian belief

The term refers to the belief that one who takes another's life deserves punishment equal to the victim's fate. a. incapacitation b. retribution c. rehabilitation d. utilitarianism

b. retribution

A moral argument for the death penalty is that it deters people from committing crimes.

f

A person on death row who presents belated evidence of innocence is entitled to a new hearing in a federal court beforeexecution.

f

In a democracy, public opinion usually has little to no impact on public policy.

f

Individuals on death row tend to be poorly educated men from the middle class.

f

Recent evidence has determined that the death penalty does have a deterrent effect on crime.

f

The death penalty has been criticized for being immoral and an ineffective deterrent only since the 20th century.

f

The number of minorities on death row is proportional to their representation in the total population.

f

Since 1976, the number of people facing the death penalty has . a. declined b. increased c. stabilized d. diminished

b. increased

Because of the heinous nature of the crime, several states have sought to enact laws permitting use of the death penalty foradults who . a. kill a child while drunk driving b. rape a child c. molest a child d. neglect a child

b. rape a child

In most parts of United States, executions were carried out in public until the . a. 1750s b. 1830s c. 1870s d. 1900s

b. 1830s

The case of held that potential jurors who object to the death penalty cannot be automatically excluded fromjury service in capital cases. a. Ford v. Wainwright (1985) b. Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) c. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) d. Furman v. Georgia (1972)

b. Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968)

_______ states and the federal government currently authorize capital punishment.

32

The case of Gregg v. Georgia decided that a court that was hearing a death penalty case must use a _______ system of judgment.

Bifurcated

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled that the way the death penalty was administered constituted ___________.

Cruel and unusual punishment

The utilitarian argument in support of capital punishment is based on the belief that execution of convicted individuals _____ others from committing murder.

Deter

Retribution, incapacitation, and _____ are usually cited as the reasons for keeping the death penalty.

Deterrence

Most death penalty defendants are ______ and are provided counsel by the state.

Indigent

In Ring v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that___________ must make the factual decisions as to whether a convicted murderer should receive the punishment of death.

Juries

The most common method used in executions in the United States today is _____.

Lethal injection

In the case of Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the Supreme Court ruled that the sentencing judge or jury take into account specific aggravating and _____ factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death.

Mitigating

Arguments against the death penalty are typically _____ or utilitarian.

Moral

In , the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was itself not unconstitutional, but the way itwas administrated constituted cruel and unusual punishment. a. Furman v. Georgia (1972) b. Glossip v. Gross (2015) c. Gregg v. Georgia (1972) d. Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

a. Furman v. Georgia (1972)

In , the Supreme Court rejected a challenge on the grounds of racial discrimination to Georgia's deathpenalty law. a. McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) b. Atkins v. Virginia (2002) c. Ford v. Wainwright (1985) d. Ring v. Arizona (2002)

a. McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)

Consular officials must be notified when a foreign national is . a. arrested b. executed c. deported d. exiled

a. arrested

After 1935, the number of executions began to . a. decline b. soar c. climb d. stabilize

a. decline

In Atkins v. Virginia (2002), the Supreme Court ruled that . a. executing the developmentally disabled is unconstitutional b. discrimination must be proven in each case c. the death penalty is unconstitutional d. bifurcated trials are constitutional

a. executing the developmentally disabled is unconstitutional

The belief that one who takes another's life deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate is a argument. a. moral b. utilitarian c. restorative d. deterrence

a. moral

In Ford v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled that should not be executed. a. the insane b. juveniles c. veterans d. disabled people

a. the insane

Legal cases continue to raise concerns about the lengthy periods that condemned people spend on death row because of ______.

appeals

In the United States, a recent poll indicated that percent of the population favors capital punishment. a. 25 b. 40 c. 60 d. 75

c. 60

Which of the following countries has NOT abolished the death penalty? a. France b. Germany c. Pakistan d. Australia

c. Pakistan

In most Western democracies, the death penalty has been . a. streamlined b. impartial c. abolished d. humanitarian

c. abolished

The term refers to the idea that the punishment of execution will deter others from violent criminal activity. a. incapacitation b. retribution c. deterrence d. rehabilitation

c. deterrence

The term refers to the desire to keep the convicted person from committing further crimes. a. reintegration b. rehabilitation c. incapacitation d. retribution

c. incapacitation

The number of states without the death penalty has in recent years. a. decreased b. remained unchanged c. increased d. stabilized

c. increased

The latest attempt to impose capital punishment in a way that does not offend modern cultural sensibilities is . a. the gas chamber b. the electric chair c. lethal injection d. the firing squad

c. lethal injection

Research shows that the death penalty is more likely to be imposed when the . a. convicted person is white b. convicted person is African American c. victim is white d. victim is African American

c. victim is white

Until the mid-1700s criminal punishment in Europe and in American colonies focused on which of the following? a. Mutilation b. Whipping c. Dismemberment d. All of these are correct

d. All of these are correct

In , the Supreme Court decided that a three-drug lethal injection protocol did NOT violate the "cruel andunusual punishment" clause. a. Ford v. Wainwright (1985) b. Strickland v. Washington (1984) c. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) d. Glossip v. Gross (2015)

d. Glossip v. Gross (2015)

Opponents of the death penalty argue that only has the right to take a life. a. a victim b. the survivor c. the state d. God

d. God

In , the Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must make the crucial factual decisions as towhether a convicted murderer should receive the death penalty. a. Roper v. Simmons (2005) b. Atkins v Virginia (2002) c. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) d. Ring v. Arizona (2002)

d. Ring v. Arizona (2002)

In which case was it ruled that people cannot receive the death sentence if they were under 18 at the time of their crime? a. Ring v. Arizona (2002) b. Furman v. Georgia (1972) c. McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) d. Roper v. Simmons (2005)

d. Roper v. Simmons (2005)

To try to ensure a more thorough deliberation before imposing the death sentence, legislatures enacted . a. an oversight committee b. a waiting period c. a sentencing grid d. a two-stage process

d. a two-stage process

In polls, public support for capital punishment drops when . a. crime rates go up b. only whites are surveyed c. standards of living increase d. alternatives are presented

d. alternatives are presented

Current case law indicates that capital punishment is legal as long as . a. the voters of the state approve it b. it is administered to deliver the least amount of pain c. it is lethal injection and not electrocution d. it is imposed fairly

d. it is imposed fairly

In the case of Strickland v. Washington (1984), the Supreme Court ruled that defendants had the right to counsel that meets an "objective standard of ______ ."

reasonableness

According to opponents of the death penalty, capital punishment is applied in a discriminatory fashion.

t

Aggravated and mitigating circumstances are looked at during the sentencing phase of a bifurcated trial.

t

Although nearly 13 percent of people arrested for murder are women, judges and juries seem very reluctant to sentence women to death.

t

Insanity is a recognized defense for commission of a crime because mens rea is not present.

t

Public executions were common until the 1830s, when most were moved inside prison walls.

t

The case law since Furman indicates capital punishment is legal as long as it is imposed fairly.

t

The case of McCleskey v. Kemp focused on racial discrimination under Georgia's death penalty law.

t

The number of death sentences carried out has declined by more than half since the 1990s.

t

The number of people executed in the United States in the 1970s was a marked increase from previous decades.

t

The retribution argument for the death penalty is a moral argument.

t

Use of the death penalty has dropped in recent years.

t