Counseling Ethics- Final
While principle ethics asks the question "What should I do?," virtue ethics asks the question:
"Who should I be?"
Studies regarding cultural bias in diagnosis have shown that:
African American clients are more likely to be diagnosed with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
In compliance with the Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1972, federally funded substance abuse programs can disclose client records under the following circumstances:
All of the above.
Within the counseling profession, the primary national voluntary certification agency is:
National Board for Certified Counselors
The Supreme Court ruling in Jaffe v. Redmond indicated that:
a societal stigma is still associated with seeking counseling.
Subpoenas are used:
all of the above.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that:
all of the above.
When counselor trainees make audiotapes or videotapes of counseling sessions for supervision purposes:
all of the above.
With respect to a client's right to choose the time and means of his or her death, the ACA Code of Ethics:
allows counselors the option to maintain confidentiality depending upon applicable laws and the specific circumstances of the situation after seeking consultation or supervision from appropriate professional and legal parties.
When counseling a client from a racial, ethnic, or cultural group different from the counselor's, it is important for the counselor to remember that:
although certain groups share similar traits or beliefs, each individual is unique and may not be like most others from his or her group.
Disclosure of confidential information is acceptable under all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
an attorney sends a counselor a subpoena.
When uncertain about the privileged status of information requested for disclosure through a subpoena, a counselor should consult with:
an attorney who represents the counselor or his or her employer.
A new and notable development in the 21st century has been:
an emphasis on social justice and advocacy
The Informed Consent documents that clients sign before counseling sessions begin:
are a good way to inform clients of their rights and responsibilities and are required by some federal rules and state laws.
Laws:
are agreed upon rules that are set forth by principles allowing people to live together in a society.
The personal values of counselors:
are influenced by their families of origin and their cultures, among other factors.
When documenting for self-protection:
as much detail as possible (e.g., dates, times of events, and exact words spoken) should be included.
If a subpoena for the counseling records of a client is received, a counselor who works in a mental health agency should:
ask his or her supervisor to obtain a legal opinion as to whether the records should be copied for the attorney who has issued the subpoena.
Research has shown that:
at least 30% of clients in counseling drop out prematurely.
Counseling aims to help clients:
be empowered to problem-solve independently.
The best statement about the nature of professional ethics in counseling is that:
because there are few absolute right answers to ethical practice questions, consultation with counseling colleagues is very important when making ethical decisions.
The most significant problem within the counseling profession today, according to the authors of the text, appears to be:
becoming a united and societally-recognized profession.
Counselors who function according to mandatory ethics:
believe that their duty is to comply with basic "must" and "must not" statements in codes of ethics, and nothing more.
It is vital for counselors to become aware of their own personal needs and values so that they:
can avoid getting their own personal needs met through their counseling relationships.
Key points with respect to diagnosis include all of the following EXCEPT:
clients should not be told the diagnosis that has been assigned to them.
As advocates, counselors are aware that:
clients' mental health is affected by their experiences of discrimination and marginalization.
With respect to confidentiality and privileged communication:
confidentiality is primarily an ethical issue, and privileged communication is primarily a legal issue.
When attempting to make an ethical decision, it is recommended that counselors take all of the following steps EXCEPT:
consult with an attorney.
Regarding counselors' personal values, counselors:
could disclose their values to a client, if it is possible to do so in a way that conveys to the client that the client's values can be accepted or rejected without risking the relationship.
The primary difference between counselors and other mental health professionals is:
counseling is the primary professional service that counselors provide.
Per State v. Brown, 1985 and State v. Magnuson, 1984, ___________ can be used against clients in criminal investigations and is not protected by the Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act of 1972.
counselor direct observations
The court cases in Bruff and Walden demonstrated that:
counselors may be terminated from their employment if they take rigid positions regarding referring out LGBTQIQ clients.
HIPAA rules state that if clients are first informed and given an opportunity to orally object:
counselors may give health care information to family members or others assisting in the client's care.
When involuntary clients are required to sign documents waiving their privacy before beginning counseling sessions,
counselors should carefully explain to clients the limits of their privacy within the counseling relationship.
All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
counselors should consult with colleagues when they are uncertain about an exception to privileged communication.
Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding clinical case notes?
counselors should take the clinical notes they need in order to function effectively as professionals.
When documenting for self-protection, counselors should not include:
counselors' thoughts, diagnoses, and conclusions.
The term "culturally encapsulated counselor" refers to a counselor who:
defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions and fails to evaluate other viewpoints, which renders the counselor insensitive to cultural variations.
Counselors with a strong professional identity are able to do all of the following EXCEPT:
demonstrate that they hold a master's degree from a CACREP-accredited program.
Competence is most closely related to the moral principle of:
do no harm.
According to Ridley, examples of unintentional racism included all of the following EXCEPT:
facilitating co-dependency relationships with ethnic clients out of a need to be accepted.
Because most counselors come from a middle class background, they:
find it difficult to hear class conditioning when listening to some clients' stories.
To be effective when counseling clients with physical disabilities, counselors should:
focus on the clients' abilities rather than limitations.
Generally, counselors create clinical case notes:
for their own use, so that they may be effective counselors.
To avoid being sued by a client for abandonment, counselors are advised to
give the client adequate notice that the counselor is terminating the counseling relationship.
According to McIntosh, examples of White privilege include all of the following EXCEPT:
growing up in a White middle or upper-class family environment.
The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP):
has been generally accepted as the model curriculum for training counselors.
During the time that a counseling student is counseling clients in a practicum or internship setting, the student counselor:
has the same ethical obligations to uphold confidentiality as does a licensed counselor.
Cultural competencies in working with LGBTQIQ clients include:
having a comfort and familiarity with LGBTQIQ sexuality and how it is expressed.
Within the counseling profession, the primary goal of counseling is to:
help clients achieve wellness.
When a counselor determines that a gay or lesbian client may have been illegally discriminated against, the counselor should:
help the client determine whether or not to seek legal advice.
The ACA Code of Ethics:
helps to stabilize the profession.
Professionalism in counseling includes all of the following EXCEPT:
holding a doctorate in counseling or a related field.
Distressed counselors or counselors suffering from burnout are terms used to refer to:
impaired counselors.
Because race, ethnicity, gender, and social class are salient cultural variables for all people,
individuals simultaneously experience both privilege and oppression.
Because clients may have emergencies between counseling sessions, it is usually wise for counselors to:
instruct clients to call a 24-hour mental health hotline number or report to a hospital emergency room.
External forces that can support counselors in their efforts to practice ethically include all of the following EXCEPT:
intentionality
Once counselors have disclosed their legal questions to their immediate supervisors, and have received a response either from the supervisor or from an attorney who is advising them as to the proper course of action,
it is essential for counselors to follow legal advice given to them, even if they do not agree with it.
Law and ethics differ from one another in that:
laws dictate minimum standards of behavior that society will tolerate, whereas ethics represent the ideal standards expected by the profession.
In two recent court cases, students in counseling master's degree programs were dismissed from their training programs because they failed to:
learn to counsel LGBTQIQ clients effectively.
Which of the following statements regarding counselor competence is FALSE?
licensure ensures that practitioners are competent to do what their licenses permit them to do.
In order to get a privileged communication statute passed that protects the privacy of clients who are in professional relationships with counselors, legislators must be convinced that:
making an exception to the general rule that all evidence must be presented in court is vital to the well-being of society.
All of the situations below may lead to client dependency EXCEPT:
managed care programs that limit the number of counseling sessions.
A fundamental tenet of the wellness model is that:
mental health exists along a continuum.
When clients seek counseling related to issues such as abortion, assisted suicide, interracial marriage, premarital sex, or sexual identity, counselors:
must examine their own values regarding these issues to ensure they can provide counseling services without allowing their own beliefs to interfere.
Breaches of client confidentiality by counselors:
occur rarely and, when they do occur, usually are inadvertent.
All of the following are steps toward professionalization EXCEPT:
offering services that are identical to services offered by other similar professions.
An argument AGAINST licensing specialties within the counseling profession (such as marriage and family counselors, rehabilitation counselors, career counselors, etc.) is:
other professionsâ "such as medicine and lawâ "license professionals to practice their profession generally, and those who are licensed decide which areas they are competent to practice in.
Relational ethicists believe that:
people exist in connection to and in relationship with one another.
A core belief that members of the counseling profession hold concerning helping others with their mental health concerns is:
prevention and early intervention are the most appropriate means to deal with emotional and personal problems.
At their most fundamental level, codes of ethics serve to:
protect and promote the welfare of the client.
Privileged communication statutes:
protect clients from having confidential communications with their counselors disclosed in a court of law without their permission.
Because counselors have a fiduciary relationship with their clients, counselors must:
protect the best interests of their clients and not benefit inappropriately from the counselor-client relationship.
Keeping good records can benefit both counselors and clients in the following ways EXCEPT:
proving that the counselor is not impaired or suffering from burnout.
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), which is sometimes referred to as the "Buckley Amendment," affects all:
public educational institutions.
The three major types of records that counselors keep are:
recordings, clinical case notes, and administrative.
Registration is the form of state regulation of a profession that:
requires members of a profession to sign up with the government if they practice the profession in the state, but anyone may sign the registry without a review of their credentials.
When choosing and implementing a counseling technique to use when counseling clients, counselors should be aware that:
research has demonstrated that some techniques are more effective than others in working with particular concerns and mental disorders.
When a counselor discovers that a client holds values that are dramatically different from the counselor's own values, the counselor should:
respect the client's values, even though the counselor disagrees with them.
From the perspective of principle ethics, a counselor who is counseling a client planning a violent act against another person, and who intervenes to notify the client's family members is:
sacrificing client autonomy in order to prevent harm and to do good.
When a husband subpoenas a counselor to reveal information in a court hearing that was provided by the wife in joint couples counseling sessions, and the wife objects to the information being revealed, the counselor:
should consult with an attorney because laws and court cases vary as to whether the counselor will have to reveal the information over the wife's objection.
Counselors who work with female clients should have an understanding of the high-prevalence problems and issues experienced by women, including each of the following EXCEPT:
tendency to be passive-aggressive.
The ACA Code of Ethics requires counselors to explain to clients, before testing takes place, all of the following EXCEPT:
that clients may ask questions while they are taking the test if any items are confusing to them.
All of the following statements about advertising one's services in an ethical manner are true, EXCEPT:
the ACA Code of Ethics imposes strict criteria and restrictions on advertising.
With respect to what mental health professionals are qualified to diagnose using the DSM system:
the DSM manual specifically includes counselors as users of the DSM system.
The school counseling movement in the United States resulted as a consequence of which major event?
the Russians launching Sputnik.
When a client accuses a counselor of wrongdoing through a complaint with the counselor's licensure board or through a malpractice law suit filed in court:
the client automatically waives his or her privacy rights and the counselor can reveal private information related to providing counseling services to the client.
It is ethically permissible for counselors to terminate a counseling relationship for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
the client experiences a crisis.
When the client is deceased and there is no statutory language dealing with privilege and the death of the holder, the individual who usually is allowed to assert the privilege is:
the client's legal representative.
Legal principles view the contents of a client's counseling records as belonging to:
the client.
If a counselor is asked to disclose privileged information about a client who cannot be located, then the obligation to assert the privilege rests with:
the counselor.
Multicultural considerations were not given extensive attention in the ACA Code of Ethics until:
the fifth version adopted in 1995.
The most important resource for counselors to use in learning about different racial, ethnic, or cultural groups is:
their clients.
Counselor competency can be assured if:
there is no way to assure counselor competency.
Counselors DO NOT have an ethical obligation to uphold the confidentiality of information revealed to them when:
they encounter a client in the grocery store and the client reveals information about an event that occurred in the client's life between sessions.
Certification is a process:
through which official state agencies certify individuals as qualified to hold certain state jobs.
If a Southeast Asian client refuses to seek police assistance when he or she has been the victim of a crime, the counselor should:
understand that the client may have negative feelings toward police because of police oppression in his or her native country.
Counselors who practice from a developmental perspective:
view most problems people encounter as natural and normal since all developmental stages of life bring challenges.
It is TRUE that:
when counselors share confidential client information with other professionals involved in a client's care, the counselors should first obtain client permission to share the information.
All of the following are situations in which it is necessary to consult with colleagues EXCEPT:
when deciding whether to respond to a subpoena.
