Counter-Terrorism in Central Eurasia

Colored Revolutions Preparation

Actions taken before crises to support potential revolutions.

USAID

Agency for International Development

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Alliance countering US influence in Central Asia

Collective Security Treaty Organization

Alliance for mutual defense and stability among former Soviet states

ANZUS

American New Zealand United States Alliance for containment

US Democratization Programs

American initiatives to promote democracy in other countries.

Territorial sea

Area extending 12 nautical miles from baseline

Exclusive Economic Zone

Area extending 200 nautical miles for economic activities

Continental Shelf

Area extending 350 nautical miles for resource exploration

Velvet Revolution

Armenian revolution in 2018 for democratic reforms.

Gazprombank

Bank handling Gazprom's dual accounts for gas sales

CENTO

Central Treaty Organization for Western Alliance

Evolution of US Policies

Changes in US strategies for democratization over time.

Constitutional reform in Kyrgyzstan

Changes in the constitution to address political issues.

Joint Efforts among Central Eurasian Autocrats

Collaboration among authoritarian leaders in Central Eurasia

Hybrid Warfare

Combination of conventional and irregular tactics

ISIS fighters

Concern over the return of ISIS members to the region

Civil war in Georgia

Conflict and succession struggles in Georgia from 1991 to 1994.

Arctic continental shelf dispute

Controversy over Russia's claims on resource-rich areas

COMECON

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance supporting communist economies

Pipeline rupture sabotage

Deliberate damage to Nordstream-1 and Nordstream-2

Eurasian Economic Union

Economic alliance mirroring the EU with free trade aspirations

Sanctions

Economic or political measures imposed on a country to induce change

Competitive Regime Change

Efforts to change the ruling regime through political competition.

Democratization in Kyrgyzstan

Efforts to establish democratic practices in the country.

Regime Change

Efforts to replace a ruling government with a new system.

Proportional representation

Election system where seats are allocated based on the percentage of votes.

EU Plan 2027

European Union's goal to end reliance on Russian gas

Nuclear Umbrella

Extending Russia's nuclear protection to allied states

Consolidated Authoritarian Regimes

Fully established authoritarian states like Russia, Kazakhstan, etc.

Consolidated Democracies

Fully established democratic nations like Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

Nord Stream Pipeline

Gas pipeline connecting Russia to Europe

Altai gas pipeline

Gas pipeline project in Russia aimed at diversifying markets

Power of Siberia gas pipeline

Gas pipeline transporting gas from Russia to China

Dual accounts

Gazprom's two accounts for gas payments

Rose Revolution

Georgian revolution in 2003-2004 leading to political change.

Pro-democracy actors

Individuals or groups advocating for democratic principles.

Arctic Ocean control

Issues related to oil, gas, minerals, and sea routes

Tulip Revolution

Kyrgyzstani revolution in 2005 for political change.

Undesirable Organizations Law

Legislation disbanding organizations deemed threats to order or security

Foreign Agents Law

Legislation requiring registration as a foreign agent

LNG

Liquid Natural Gas, costlier than Russian gas

Rosneft

Major Russian oil company with government ownership

Miscounting ballots

Manipulation of vote counts to favor the incumbent

Voting irregularities

Manipulative tactics in elections like ballot box stuffing and miscounting

Counterinsurgency operations

Military actions against insurgent groups

Autocrats support

Mutual support among authoritarian leaders for election monitoring and military aid

Membership Action Plan

NATO program preparing countries for membership

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization for Western Alliance

Eastern Siberian Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline

Oil pipeline running from Siberia to the Pacific Ocean

Warsaw Pact

Organization ensuring Moscow's dominance over Eastern Europe

National Endowment for Democracy (NED)

Organization supporting democratic institutions worldwide

Satellite parties

Parties aligned with the ruling party to create an illusion of political diversity.

Weak political parties

Parties with limited influence and power in the political system.

Gas flow stoppage

Permanent halt in gas supply by Gazprom

Nordstream-1

Pipeline supplying gas to Northeast Europe

Forum for economic coordination

Platform for policy and infrastructure discussions among member states

Georgian Dream Party

Political party led by a billionaire winning elections in Georgia.

Gasaprom

Possibly a typo, likely refers to Gazprom

Commonwealth of Independent States

Post-USSR alliance focusing on infrastructure and trade

Strategic denial

Preventing US, NATO, and EU influence in the region

NATO Enlargement

Process of expanding NATO membership to new countries

Partnership for Peace

Program fostering cooperation between NATO and non-member countries

Ban opposition parties

Prohibition of parties opposing the ruling government.

Black Sea Pipelines

Projects involving pipelines in the Black Sea region

Decree 172

Putin's order for gas payments in rubles

Closed note quiz

Quiz where students cannot refer to any notes or materials.

Decree 172 non-compliance

Reason for Russia suspending gas deliveries

Jeenbekov resignation

Resignation of Kyrgyz president after protests and allegations of irregularities.

Disaggregation of results

Results analyzed above precinct level, posing no threat to the president.

Multi-Stage Revolutions

Revolutionary movements that unfold in multiple phases.

Bulgaria gas suspension

Russia halting gas supply to Bulgaria

Finland gas suspension

Russia halting gas supply to Finland

Poland gas suspension

Russia halting gas supply to Poland

Russian Energy Politics

Russia's strategies and actions related to energy resources

Gazprom

Russian gas company with government ownership and monopoly

Transneft

Russian state-owned company for oil transportation

Russo-Ukraine energy crisis

Series of energy crises between Russia and Ukraine

Colored Revolutions

Series of nonviolent revolutions in post-Soviet states for political change.

SEATO

Southeast Asian Treaty Organization for Western Alliance

Targeted sanctions

Specific penalties against leaders restricting citizens' rights.

Energy consumption decline plans

Strategies based on reduced energy use assumptions

Coal use plans

Strategies involving coal as an energy source

NATO deterrence tactics

Strategies to prevent Russian aggression

Autocrats Counter-measures

Strategies used by authoritarian leaders to maintain power

Tight centralization

Strong central control among 15 USSR republics

The Carousel

Tactic where incumbent agents ensure voters cast ballots in their favor

Gas flow reduction

Temporary decrease in gas flow by Gazprom

Interim president in Kyrgyzstan

Temporary leader appointed during political transitions.

Gas flow suspension

Temporary stoppage of gas supply by Gazprom

Gas shutoff warning

Threat by Gazprom due to payment issues

Hybrid Regimes

Transitional states with mixed democratic and authoritarian elements

UNCLOS

UN Convention on the Law of the Seas

American Quick responses

US government actions in response to international events

Department of State

US government department responsible for foreign affairs

US Economic Assistance programs

US initiatives providing financial aid to other countries

Military Assistance programs

US initiatives providing military support to other countries

Stand with Civil Society Initiative

US program supporting civil society organizations in closed societies.

Ukraine gas shutdown

Ukraine stopping gas flow until Russian occupation ends

Orange Revolution

Ukrainian revolution in 2004 for fair elections and democracy.