Counter-Terrorism in Central Eurasia
Colored Revolutions Preparation
Actions taken before crises to support potential revolutions.
USAID
Agency for International Development
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Alliance countering US influence in Central Asia
Collective Security Treaty Organization
Alliance for mutual defense and stability among former Soviet states
ANZUS
American New Zealand United States Alliance for containment
US Democratization Programs
American initiatives to promote democracy in other countries.
Territorial sea
Area extending 12 nautical miles from baseline
Exclusive Economic Zone
Area extending 200 nautical miles for economic activities
Continental Shelf
Area extending 350 nautical miles for resource exploration
Velvet Revolution
Armenian revolution in 2018 for democratic reforms.
Gazprombank
Bank handling Gazprom's dual accounts for gas sales
CENTO
Central Treaty Organization for Western Alliance
Evolution of US Policies
Changes in US strategies for democratization over time.
Constitutional reform in Kyrgyzstan
Changes in the constitution to address political issues.
Joint Efforts among Central Eurasian Autocrats
Collaboration among authoritarian leaders in Central Eurasia
Hybrid Warfare
Combination of conventional and irregular tactics
ISIS fighters
Concern over the return of ISIS members to the region
Civil war in Georgia
Conflict and succession struggles in Georgia from 1991 to 1994.
Arctic continental shelf dispute
Controversy over Russia's claims on resource-rich areas
COMECON
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance supporting communist economies
Pipeline rupture sabotage
Deliberate damage to Nordstream-1 and Nordstream-2
Eurasian Economic Union
Economic alliance mirroring the EU with free trade aspirations
Sanctions
Economic or political measures imposed on a country to induce change
Competitive Regime Change
Efforts to change the ruling regime through political competition.
Democratization in Kyrgyzstan
Efforts to establish democratic practices in the country.
Regime Change
Efforts to replace a ruling government with a new system.
Proportional representation
Election system where seats are allocated based on the percentage of votes.
EU Plan 2027
European Union's goal to end reliance on Russian gas
Nuclear Umbrella
Extending Russia's nuclear protection to allied states
Consolidated Authoritarian Regimes
Fully established authoritarian states like Russia, Kazakhstan, etc.
Consolidated Democracies
Fully established democratic nations like Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
Nord Stream Pipeline
Gas pipeline connecting Russia to Europe
Altai gas pipeline
Gas pipeline project in Russia aimed at diversifying markets
Power of Siberia gas pipeline
Gas pipeline transporting gas from Russia to China
Dual accounts
Gazprom's two accounts for gas payments
Rose Revolution
Georgian revolution in 2003-2004 leading to political change.
Pro-democracy actors
Individuals or groups advocating for democratic principles.
Arctic Ocean control
Issues related to oil, gas, minerals, and sea routes
Tulip Revolution
Kyrgyzstani revolution in 2005 for political change.
Undesirable Organizations Law
Legislation disbanding organizations deemed threats to order or security
Foreign Agents Law
Legislation requiring registration as a foreign agent
LNG
Liquid Natural Gas, costlier than Russian gas
Rosneft
Major Russian oil company with government ownership
Miscounting ballots
Manipulation of vote counts to favor the incumbent
Voting irregularities
Manipulative tactics in elections like ballot box stuffing and miscounting
Counterinsurgency operations
Military actions against insurgent groups
Autocrats support
Mutual support among authoritarian leaders for election monitoring and military aid
Membership Action Plan
NATO program preparing countries for membership
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization for Western Alliance
Eastern Siberian Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline
Oil pipeline running from Siberia to the Pacific Ocean
Warsaw Pact
Organization ensuring Moscow's dominance over Eastern Europe
National Endowment for Democracy (NED)
Organization supporting democratic institutions worldwide
Satellite parties
Parties aligned with the ruling party to create an illusion of political diversity.
Weak political parties
Parties with limited influence and power in the political system.
Gas flow stoppage
Permanent halt in gas supply by Gazprom
Nordstream-1
Pipeline supplying gas to Northeast Europe
Forum for economic coordination
Platform for policy and infrastructure discussions among member states
Georgian Dream Party
Political party led by a billionaire winning elections in Georgia.
Gasaprom
Possibly a typo, likely refers to Gazprom
Commonwealth of Independent States
Post-USSR alliance focusing on infrastructure and trade
Strategic denial
Preventing US, NATO, and EU influence in the region
NATO Enlargement
Process of expanding NATO membership to new countries
Partnership for Peace
Program fostering cooperation between NATO and non-member countries
Ban opposition parties
Prohibition of parties opposing the ruling government.
Black Sea Pipelines
Projects involving pipelines in the Black Sea region
Decree 172
Putin's order for gas payments in rubles
Closed note quiz
Quiz where students cannot refer to any notes or materials.
Decree 172 non-compliance
Reason for Russia suspending gas deliveries
Jeenbekov resignation
Resignation of Kyrgyz president after protests and allegations of irregularities.
Disaggregation of results
Results analyzed above precinct level, posing no threat to the president.
Multi-Stage Revolutions
Revolutionary movements that unfold in multiple phases.
Bulgaria gas suspension
Russia halting gas supply to Bulgaria
Finland gas suspension
Russia halting gas supply to Finland
Poland gas suspension
Russia halting gas supply to Poland
Russian Energy Politics
Russia's strategies and actions related to energy resources
Gazprom
Russian gas company with government ownership and monopoly
Transneft
Russian state-owned company for oil transportation
Russo-Ukraine energy crisis
Series of energy crises between Russia and Ukraine
Colored Revolutions
Series of nonviolent revolutions in post-Soviet states for political change.
SEATO
Southeast Asian Treaty Organization for Western Alliance
Targeted sanctions
Specific penalties against leaders restricting citizens' rights.
Energy consumption decline plans
Strategies based on reduced energy use assumptions
Coal use plans
Strategies involving coal as an energy source
NATO deterrence tactics
Strategies to prevent Russian aggression
Autocrats Counter-measures
Strategies used by authoritarian leaders to maintain power
Tight centralization
Strong central control among 15 USSR republics
The Carousel
Tactic where incumbent agents ensure voters cast ballots in their favor
Gas flow reduction
Temporary decrease in gas flow by Gazprom
Interim president in Kyrgyzstan
Temporary leader appointed during political transitions.
Gas flow suspension
Temporary stoppage of gas supply by Gazprom
Gas shutoff warning
Threat by Gazprom due to payment issues
Hybrid Regimes
Transitional states with mixed democratic and authoritarian elements
UNCLOS
UN Convention on the Law of the Seas
American Quick responses
US government actions in response to international events
Department of State
US government department responsible for foreign affairs
US Economic Assistance programs
US initiatives providing financial aid to other countries
Military Assistance programs
US initiatives providing military support to other countries
Stand with Civil Society Initiative
US program supporting civil society organizations in closed societies.
Ukraine gas shutdown
Ukraine stopping gas flow until Russian occupation ends
Orange Revolution
Ukrainian revolution in 2004 for fair elections and democracy.