Court Cases (cause & effect)

CAUSE of U.S. v. Lopez (1995)

Lopez was arrested for carrying a concealed firearm into school under a law made by Congress which prohibits concealed weapons in school zones in relation to the Commerce Clause

EFFECT of Ogden v. Gibbons (1824)

New York cannot require licensing from other states. Only national government has that power - Supremacy clause - NY cannot regulate commerce

EFFECT of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

CAUSE of U.S. v. Morrison (1994)

A woman attending Virginia Tech was allegedly raped by two men, Crawford and Morrison. Morrison was found guilty but then appealed to the school board and his sentence was lessened. Brzonkala, the woman who was raped, appealed her case under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994.

EFFECT of U.S. v. Morrison (1994)

Congress does not have the power to pass such an act under the Commerce Clause or the 14th A. because the statute did not actually affect interstate commerce nor redress harm caused by the state. The court proceedings on the news discouraged people from going to the University which led Congress to be able to use the commerce clause.- Congress does not have this power. Only states do.

CAUSE of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Groups of same-sex couples sued their relevant state agencies in Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee to challenge the constitutionality of those states' bans on same-sex marriage or refusal to recognize legal same-sex marriages that occurred in jurisdictions that provided for such marriages.

EFFECT of U.S. v. Lopez (1995)

Gun possession does not have a significant economic effect on interstate commerce and therefore the law is unconstitutional. - exceeds power under the commerce clause

CAUSE of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Maryland argued that as a sovereign state, it had the power to tax any business within its borders. McCulloch's attorneys argued that a national bank was "necessary and proper" for Congress to establish in order to carry out its enumerated powers.

CAUSE of Ogden v. Gibbons (1824)

Special permits giving rights to operate steamboats on New York waters exclusively were given. Gibbons (of New Jersey) was told he had to pay a fee to travel in New York.

EFFECT of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

States obligated to recognize same-sex marriage from other states. Fourteenth Amendment guarantees the right to marry as one of the fundamental liberties it protects, and that analysis applies to same-sex couples in the same manner as it does to opposite-sex couples.