CPR/First Aid - Modules 1-7

Where on the child's chest should the first aid responder position their hands to give compressions (when using two hands)?

Centered on the chest

What are the 3 of the emergency action steps in order?

Check - Call - Care

Scenario: Late morning, Monday, Susan and Josh are chatting quietly in a daycare infant room while the infants are sleeping. A few toys are scattered around. Noah appears unresponsive. What should Susan do first after making sure the scene is safe?

Check Noah for responsiveness and breathing.

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions.

During an emergency, what should you check first?

Check the scene for safety

You have just given a shock to a person in cardiac arrest. You should check to see if the person is breathing before starting CPR again. True or False?

False - As soon as the shock is delivered, or if no shock is advised, immediately start CPR, beginning with compressions. Even after a successful shock, a person will still have low flow and starting CPR immediately will help.

As Gary gives compressions, how should he maintain his body position to ensure he continues to give effective compressions?

His shoulders should remain directly over his hands with his arms straight and elbows locked, so he can use his body weight to help compress the chest.

You are placing pediatric AED pads on a 7-month-old infant. What is the correct placement of the pads for this infant?

Middle of the chest and on the back, between the shoulder blades.

Before giving breaths to the infant, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Neutral

When giving breaths to an infant with a face shield, you should cover which body parts of the infant with your mouth?

Nose and mouth

What are you legally required to do before you touch a person when responding to an emergency?

Obtain consent

You are working a shift at the local farmer's market when you recognize that a 10-year-old shopping with their parent is choking. You check the scene for safety and approach the child. What do you need to do at this point?

Obtain consent from the parent (who is present) because the person is a minor.

In what position should Francey place the AED pads on Noah?

One pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back, between the shoulder blades

Gary has set up the AED and bared Paula's chest when prompted. How should he place the AED pads on Paula's chest?

One pad on the upper right side of Paula's chest; one pad on the lower left side of Paula's chest

Before giving breaths to the adult, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Past-neutral

If you see an object in the infant's mouth, which finger(s) should you use to do a finger sweep?

Pinky finger

You are placing adult AED pads on a 3-year-old child. When placing them on the chest, you notice that the pads are touching. What should you do?

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and one on the back, between the shoulder blades.

After recognizing that a person is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive and not breathing), you call 9-1-1 and send someone to get an AED. What is your next step?

Start CPR by giving chest compressions and breaths

When giving breaths during high-quality CPR, each breath should last about 1 second and make what happen?

The chest begin to rise

Scenario: You obtain consent, call 9-1-1 and continue checking a responsive person who is having trouble breathing. The person's lips are swelling, and they are scratching a bee sting on their arm. You notice a medical alert bracelet and they nod their head when you ask if they have an allergy. What do you suspect is wrong with the person and what care should you give?

The person is experiencing anaphylaxis. Assist them with administering epinephrine via an auto-injector.

Shock is a common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants. True or False?

True

When giving CPR to a person and waiting for EMS personnel to arrive, a bystander tells you to stop, saying, "it's no use and that looks hard." You continue because you know that is not a reason to stop CPR. True or False?

True

You are using an AED on an older adult in cardiac arrest. They are wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest. True or False?

True

When there are two or more trained responders, one person will give CPR while the other person sets up the AED. When will the responders switch roles? Select 2 answers. - After pushing the shock button. - Never; responders should not switch roles. - During the second cycle of CPR; between giving compressions and giving breaths. - After the AED says that no shock is advised. - During the third cycle of CPR; after giving breaths.

- After pushing the shock button. - After the AED says that no shock is advised.

Scenario: You are working at an outdoor cafe on a hot summer day. Suddenly you hear a commotion at a nearby table. You make sure the scene is safe. As you approach the person you notice they appear responsive, but they are having trouble breathing. Which of the following sudden illnesses are you most likely to suspect? Select 3 answers. - Asthma - Anaphylaxis - Heart Attack - Stroke - Vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration

- Asthma - Anaphylaxis - Heart Attack

Which of the following are the appropriate depth and rate to use when giving chest compressions to an infant? Select 2 answers. - Compress the chest to a depth of about 2 inches. - Compress the chest to a depth of about 1 ½ inches. - Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. - Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than 15 seconds.

- Compress the chest to a depth of about 1 ½ inches. - Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Which of the following are the appropriate depth and rate to use when giving chest compressions to a child? Select 2 answers. - Compress the chest to a depth of about 2 inches. - Compress the chest to a depth of about 1 ½ inches. - Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. - Compress the chest at a rate of 140 to 180 compressions per minute.

- Compress the chest to a depth of about 2 inches. - Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Which of the following are examples of life-threatening sudden illnesses? Select 2 answers. - Diabetic emergency - Anaphylaxis - Sinus infection - Migraine - Sore throat

- Diabetic emergency - Anaphylaxis

Cardiac arrest is often due to a blockage of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart muscle (heart attack). However, it can also occur due to the effects of which of the following? Select 2 answers. - Common cold - Drowning - Ear infection - Headache - Breathing emergency

- Drowning - Breathing emergency

When giving CPR to an infant, which of the following techniques may be used to give chest compressions? Select 2 answers. - Triangular hands technique - Two-hands technique - Encircling thumbs technique - One-hand technique

- Encircling thumbs technique - One-hand technique

Joe is forming an initial impression as he approaches Nick. Nick appears responsive, is sitting on the ground, has a grimace on his face and is holding his arm. He does not appear to have a life-threatening illness or injury. Joe tells Nick that he is trained in first aid and that he would like to help him. Nick says, yes. After putting on PPE, Joe needs to interview Nick to find out more information. When interviewing the person to find out more information, it is important to ask specific questions. The mnemonic SAM should be used to help you remember to ask those questions. Which of the following are topics covered by SAM? Select 3 answers. - Medications and medical conditions - Age - Signs and symptoms - Social security number - Allergies

- Medications and medical conditions - Signs and symptoms - Allergies

You may need to give chest thrusts in which of the following situations? Select 3 answers. - The person is in a wheelchair and you are unable to give abdominal thrusts. - The person is on crutches. - The person is too large for you to stand behind and reach around. - The person has a chronic illness. - The person is pregnant.

- The person is in a wheelchair and you are unable to give abdominal thrusts. - The person is too large for you to stand behind and reach around. - The person is pregnant.

Signs that indicate a person is choking may include which of the following? Select 3 answers. - The person is holding their stomach. - The person looks surprised. - The person is making high-pitched squeaking noises. - The person is sneezing. - The person is coughing.

- The person looks surprised. - The person is making high-pitched squeaking noises. - The person is coughing.

Which of the following would lead you to suspect a person is in cardiac arrest? Select 2 answers. - Headache - Unresponsive - Chest pain - Not breathing or only gasping - Trouble breathing - Dizziness

- Unresponsive - Not breathing or only gasping

If more than one responder is available and trained in CPR, when should the responders switch? Select 3 answers. - When the original responder is tiring - After every three cycles of CPR - After every five cycles of CPR - About every 2 minutes - After every ten cycles of CPR

- When the original responder is tiring - After every five cycles of CPR - About every 2 minutes

You have obtained consent and are checking a responsive person. You know you need to interview them first using SAM. What does SAM stand for? Select 3 answers. - Allergies - Meningitis - Abdominal pain - Signs and symptoms - Medications and medical conditions - Seizures

1. Allergies 2. Signs and symptoms 3. Medications and medical conditions

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care? Select 2 answers. - Avoid touching other surfaces. - Wash your hands after taking off your gloves. - Wearing gloves increases your risk for transmitting an infection. - You don't need to wear gloves when caring for a child.

1. Avoid touching other surfaces. 2. Wash your hands after taking off your gloves.

Why is it important for you, the first aid responder, to ask questions using SAM and do a focused check of the responsive person? Select 3 answers. - It can help you to determine what care they may need. - As time passes, the person may be less able to say things. - You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later. - It will allow you to test whether or not the person can answer simple questions.

1. It can help you to determine what care they may need. 2. As time passes, the person may be less able to say things. 3. You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later.

The risk of infection when giving first aid care is low. Using what reduces your risk even further? Select 3 answers. - Latex-free disposable gloves - Watch - Face shield - Pocket mask - Sunglasses

1. Latex-free disposable gloves 2. Face shield 3. Pocket mask

When you ask someone to call 9-1-1 for you in an emergency situation, what communication techniques/instructions should you use? Select 2 answers. - Look directly at one person. - Say, "You, call 9-1-1." - Yell directions to call 9-1-1 to someone in the crowd. - Say, "Don't come back until EMS arrives."

1. Look directly at one person. 2. Say, "You, call 9-1-1."

Identify the signs that indicate an emergency exists in the video you just watched. Select 3 answers. - Paula stated that she had bad body odor - Paula moaned, grimaced, and rubbed her shoulder - Paula made a thud when she collapsed to the ground - Paula complained about her workout - Paula appeared unresponsive on the ground

1. Paula moaned, grimaced, and rubbed her shoulder 2. Paula made a thud when she collapsed to the ground 3. Paula appeared unresponsive on the ground

What do you see in this photo that might indicate an emergency situation? Select 2 answers. - The person is awake and alert. - The person appears unresponsive and is lying on the ground. - The person is staggering in the street. - The person is bleeding.

1. The person appears unresponsive and is lying on the ground. 2. The person is bleeding.

When giving high-quality CPR, you should minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

10 seconds

When giving high-quality CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of which of the following per minute?

100 to 120

Which of the following would cause you to suspect an emergency situation?

A woman who appears unresponsive on the sidewalk

When giving chest thrusts to an infant, how deep should you press?

About 1 ½ inches.

Which of the following is NOT a general care step you should take when assisting a person with their medication?

Administer the medication and monitor the person until EMS arrives.

You are giving CPR to a 14-year-old in cardiac arrest. You know to follow techniques and use equipment for which of the following age groups?

Adult

If soap and water are not available, you can use which of the following instead to lower your risk for infection?

Alcohol-based hand sanitizer

What is it important to do between giving the first and second breath?

Allow the chest to fall and the air to exit

What is the best approach to lowering the risk for infection when giving first aid care?

Always wash your hands as soon as possible after giving care

If the chest does not rise on the first breath, and you reopen the airway and give a second breath and the chest still does not rise, what might be a reason?

An object might be blocking the airway.

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

At least 2 inches

How long should you wash your hands when using soap and water?

At least 20 seconds

Sarita is choking. Brianna must now give care starting with 5 back blows. How should Brianna position Sarita when giving back blows?

Bent forward at the waist with her upper body parallel to ground

When giving back blows, where on the choking infant's back should the responder give back blows?

Between the infant's shoulder blades

When giving back blows, where on the choking person's back should the responder give back blows?

Between the shoulder blades

Your co-worker fell off of a tall ladder and hit their head quite hard. You can see they have a large lump and they are bleeding a lot. You suspect a potentially life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and want to help them. They tell you, no; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so.

What is the third and final emergency action step?

Care

Scenario: Nick Puras, a landscape worker, is carrying a bag of mulch to the area where he and his coworker, Joe Young, are working outside of an office building. Suddenly, he trips over something on the ground, cries out, and falls to the ground. Joe, hearing Nick call out, turns to see what happened. What is important for Joe to do before he approaches Nick?

Check the scene for safety

You hear a scream and some loud noises coming from a few feet away in the crowded school playground. As you walk quickly across the playground, you tell yourself to do what first?

Check the scene for safety

When you check a responsive person who DOES NOT have a life-threatening emergency, what should you do after asking them questions about their signs and symptoms, allergies and medications/medical conditions?

Do a focused check

During your interview of the person using SAM, they told you that they have a lot of pain in their left arm and that it is throbbing. What should you do next?

Do a focused check of their left arm.

When giving CPR to an unresponsive choking infant, what CPR technique should you use?

Encircling thumbs technique

Which technique should Susan use to give compressions to Noah?

Encircling thumbs technique

What should you do if a choking person is coughing forcefully?

Encourage them to keep coughing

After encouraging the coughing choking person to keep coughing, it is fine to leave them. True or False?

False

Sinus infections are a common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants. True or False?

False

You are using an AED on an 82-year-old woman in cardiac arrest. She is frail and only weighs about 105 pounds, so you should use pediatric AED pads. True or False?

False - NEVER use pediatric AED pads on anyone older than 8 years of age or weighing more than 55 pounds (25 kg) because the shock delivered will not be sufficient.

If a person is responsive and fully awake, you should place them in a recovery position while you wait for EMS to arrive and begin their care of the person? True or false?

False - Positioning is an important part of general care steps for a person who experiences a sudden illness. A recovery position should be used for a person who is unresponsive but breathing or who responds but is not fully awake. Place a person who is responsive and fully awake in a position of comfort.

If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to perform full CPR, give continuous breaths at a rate of 10 to 12 per minute. True or False?

False - give continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute.

The scene is safe. As Joe approaches, Nick says, "Oh, man, I didn't see that plant in my way." What should Joe do once he has determined that the scene is safe?

Form an initial impression, obtain consent to care and use PPE.

After delivering the shock, when the AED prompts to start CPR, which responder should immediately start CPR, beginning with compressions?

Francey should immediately start CPR, beginning with compressions.

After Gary gives 30 chest compressions, what is the best next step?

Gary gives 2 breaths after giving 30 chest compressions

When drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, what should the responder do first?

Give 2 breaths

If the responsive choking person becomes unresponsive, what care should you give?

Give CPR (give compressions, look for object, give breaths).

The initial back blows did not remove the object. Sarita is still choking. What should Brianna do next?

Give abdominal thrusts

A choking adult is unable to speak or cough forcefully. Your partner is calling 9-1-1. What should you do now?

Give cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

Scenario: Early Thursday evening, Paula is working out in the gym. Tomas walks by and notices that something might be wrong with Paula. Paula is unresponsive and not breathing. She does not show any signs of life-threatening bleeding. What should Gary do first?

Immediately call 9-1-1 and get equipment, or tell someone to do so.

After delivering the shock, what should Gary do next?

Immediately resume CPR

When giving chest thrusts, where on the choking infant's chest should the responder give thrusts?

In the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line.

You are giving CPR to a 5-month-old in cardiac arrest. You know to follow techniques and use equipment for which of the following age groups?

Infant

When giving abdominal thrusts, where on the choking person's abdomen should the responder place their hands.

Just above the navel

When giving back blows and abdominal thrusts to a small child, you may need to do which of the following?

Kneel behind the child.

What is your risk of getting infected with a disease while giving first aid care?

Low risk

When giving abdominal thrusts, how should Brianna position her hands?

Make a fist with her first hand and place the thumb side against Sarita's stomach just above her navel; cover her fist with her second hand

When giving chest compressions, the goal is to do which of the following?

Push hard and fast

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a co-worker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 9-1-1 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible?

Put on latex-free disposable gloves.

Nick tells Joe that he has a lot of pain in his right elbow. He tells him that he doesn't take medications, has no medical conditions and has no allergies. Joe needs to continue checking Nick by completing a focused check. Joe knows based on Nick's answers during the interview and by what he observes that he should complete a focused check where on Nick?

Right arm and elbow

Nick tells Joe that he has a lot of pain in his right elbow. He tells him that he doesn't take medications, has no medical conditions and has no allergies. Joe needs to continue checking Nick by completing a focused check. Joe knows based on Nick's answers during the interview and by what he observes that he should complete a focused check where on Nick?

Right arm and elbow.

Scenario: It's Friday around noon; three people are sitting at an office cafeteria table eating, talking and laughing. Based on the initial impression, what life-threatening emergency is Sarita most likely experiencing?

She is choking.

In this video, the responder followed the Call step to ensure that help was on the way and that she had the necessary equipment to care for the person. Which of the following actions accurately demonstrates the Call step?

She looked directly at Chloe and told her to call 9-1-1.

When giving compressions, how should the first aid responder position their body and arms?

Shoulders directly over the hands and elbows locked

Before giving breaths to the child, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Slightly past-neutral

A person who is responsive and breathing but not fully awake should be placed in a recovery position for which of the following reasons?

To lower their risk for choking and aspiration

Scenario: You are caring for a person experiencing an asthma attack. You have helped them administer their quick-relief medication via an inhaler. Ten minutes later, they are still having trouble breathing and EMS has not yet arrived. You should help the person administer a second dose of the medication. True or false?

True - The medication may be repeated after 10 to 15 minutes.

You are placing AED pads on a person in cardiac arrest. What is the correct placement for the pads?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit

You are placing adult AED pads on a 10-year-old child. What is the correct placement of the pads for this child?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit.

How can you lower your risk for infection when giving breaths?

Use a breathing barrier

You are giving CPR to an 8-year-old in cardiac arrest. You know that for CPR, a child is someone considered from the age of 1 year to which of the following?

the onset in puberty