CPUSH exam

Haymarket Riot

People protesting police brutality toward union workers Chicago police try to disperse. A Bomb explodes, killing 7 police. Eight anarchists were tried and convicted (4 were executed). Businesses now try to crush unions Hurt unionization in mainstream America--linked to anarchy

Gilded Age population trends

Population grew rapidly (especially in cities).

J.P. Morgan

Powerful investment banker, and considered one of the "Robber Barons". He would invest in businesses and make a profit when the businesses did.

National: Head of Executive Branch

President

Executive Branch checks Legislative Branch

President decides to veto a law that Congress has passed

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States during WWI. He wanted peace & democracy.

Election of 1912

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win.

5 P's of Expansion

Profit, Protection, Piety, Politicians, and Patriotism

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms.

Who is in charge of the House of Representatives

Speaker of the House: Nancy Pelosi

Fourteen Points

Speech delivered by Woodrow Wilson as a plan for peace at the end of the war. He named the main causes of the war (militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism) and proposed the league of nations.

15th Amendment

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

National: Head of Judicial Branch

Supreme Court/federal courts

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Jones Act

Promised independence to the Philippines as soon as a "stable government" could be established. The United States did not grant the Philippines independence until July 4, 1946.

conservation

Protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment. Roosevelt established national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, ect.

Countries under U.S. control/influence

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Pullman Strike

Pullman required workers to live in a company town. 1893: Pullman cuts wages by 1/3, laid-off workers and did not cut rents and prices and demanded increased output. Pullman union leader was Eugene V. Debs. Major strikes and sympathy strikes happened as a result. Pullman Co. and Railroad companies asked the federal government to get a court injunction to end the strike. Grover Cleveland sent in troops to enforce the injunction. Violence burning of cars and $340,000 in damage, and many deaths. Strike collapses and several leaders were arrested. Debs was thrown in jail and workers were fired and blacklisted

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Raised the taxes on US imports by 60%, the highest in history, in order to protect US businesses from foreign competition. But, this made it impossible to France and Britain to pay back war debts because they couldn't sell enough goods in the US.

Boxer Rebellion

Rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The Boxers killed hundreds of foreigners and missionaries. The rebellion was ended by international troops.

Robber Barons

Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.

21st Amendment

Repeal of Prohibition

Standard Oil

Rockefeller's oil company which later became a monopoly because it produced and controlled most of the oil in the US.

U.S. Forest Service

Roosevelt set aside millions of acres of national forests and created the nation's first wildlife sanctuaries (conservation)

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

Segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences. Dejure - segregation by law (Jim Crow), defacto - segregation by choice

Red Scare

Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas. Russia had a communist revolution and the Americans feared that foreigners would bring communism to the US.

"Big Four"

Italy, U.S., Great Britain, France

Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

John Roberts

Muckrakers

Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines during the early 20th century - exposed John D. Rockefeller

Susan B. Anthony

Key leader of woman suffrage movement (lead NAWSA)

Extermination of the Buffalo

Killing the buffalo (the American bison) takes away the Native American way of life and food - one way that the colonists settled the "Indian Problem"

people associated with the Harlem Renaissance

Langston Huges (poet) James Weldon Johnson (author) Louis Armstrong (musician - trumpet) Duke Ellington (musician - composer/pianist) Bessie Smith (musician - singer)

Espionage Act

Law passed to make it illegal to interfere with the draft, encourage soldiers to be disobedient, or sent anti war mail.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement.

Industrialization

Shift from an economy based on agriculture to manufacturing

Panama Canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States. To get it the US helped Panama's rebellion against Columbia and payed $10 million plus a yearly rent.

Niagara Movement

Led by W.E.B Dubois to promote liberal arts education for black men

Factors that limited success of labor unions

Less focused unions were less successful.

New technology in World War I

Machines, poison gas, automatic weapons, air planes, and u-boats

Pancho Villa

Mexican revolutionary leader. The US sent troops to Mexico to capture him, but then returned home.

Factors that led to success for labor unions

More focused unions were more successful (ex. only skilled workers)

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association: to help women win the right to vote (Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady)

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - led by James Weldon Johnson

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: aimed for full equality between the races

Ft. Laramie Treaty

Sioux agreed to live in a reservation along the Mississippi River Sitting Bull refused to sign

Great Railroad Strike

Nationwide railroad strike over reduced wages. Workers destroyed railroad property, causing federal troops sent in by President Hayes. 100 people die. Business leaders saw this as the beginning of a revolution of angry workers

The Roaring Twenties

Nickname for the 1920s becasue of the booming economy and fast pace of life during that era

Roosevelt's view of trusts

Not all trusts were wrong, just the ones that got in the way of the good of the public

State: Who is in charge of the Legislative Branch

Ohio General Assembly

Zimmerman Note

On this note, Germany had secretly proposed a German- Mexican alliance. They tempted Mexico with the idea of recovering Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note was intercepted Great Brittian and published. This was a major factor that led us into WWI.

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the Constituion that provides protections for individual liberties and limits on government power.

National Labor Union

The first large-scale U.S. union; founded to organize skilled and unskilled laborers, farmers, and factory workers. Called for an 8-hour workday. Killed by disagreements and depression of 1873

Seneca Falls Convention

The first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written (Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott): All men and women are created equal, equal opportunities before the law (suffrage), and birth of modern women's rights movement

evolution

The gradual change and development in a species over time

Great Plains

The grassland extending through the west-central portion of the United States

Urbanization

The growth of cities

Hawley-Smoot Act

The highest tariff in US history on imported goods

Angel Island

The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants were processed at San Francisco Bay. (harsher than Ellis Island)

Second Amendment

right to bear arms

Sixth Amendment

right to speedy trial by impartial jury. Right to attorney. Must be told of charges and Miranda rights.

Seventh Amendment

right to trial by jury in civil case

4th-8th Amendments

rights of the accused

Fourth Amendment

search and seizure; officer needs probable cause and a warrant.

Hull House

settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams. Focused on immigrant families and women and provided education, healthcare, and daycare.

D, R, or S: Establish courts

shared

D, R, or S: Make and enforce laws

shared

D, R, or S: Taxes

shared

Row houses

single family dwellings that shared side walls with other similar houses

First Amendment freedoms

speech, press, peaceful assembly, petition, and religion

State: Who is in charge of the Judicial Branch

state Supreme Court

Shared Powers

state and national powers shared

Reserved powers

state powers; reserved for the states in 10th amendment.

Wabash Case

states could not regulate interstate commerce - it was the federal governments responsibility

Munn v. Illinois

states won the right to regulate the railroads for the benefit of farmers and consumers

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

suffragettes who started the New Woman's Party and the Congressional Union

creationism

the belief that God created the world and everything in it, usually in the way described in the Bible

Electoral College

the body that elects the President

Federal Reserve System

the central bank of the United States put in place by Wilson

Free exercise clause

the government cannot prohibit a person from worshipping freely

impact of the automobile industry

the landscape completely changed with the new building of paved roads everywhere. Rural Americans could now easily access cities for entertainment as well as practicalities, like shopping. Also, new businesses popped up, like gas stations and motels.

Elastic Clause

the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers

Suffrage

the right to vote

suffrage

the right to vote

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded reparations from the Germans. Germany had to admit guilt, pay for war, give up land, and let the allies occupy for the next 15 years.

Great Migration

thousands of African Americans moving from the North to South seeking job prosperity and hoping to escape Southern segregation

Kellogg-Briand Pact

treaty in which many nations agreed to outlaw war. 62 nations signed. (Problems - false sense of security and no enforcement)

urban population trends in the Gilded Age

urban population tripled.

Sarajevo, Bosnia

where Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were killed

"scab"

worked the jobs of striking union workers.

The Lost Generation

writers who were resentful towards WWI

Causes of Urbanization

The technological boom in the United States

Development of the West

The transcontinental railroad increased westward expansion and migration.

The Jungle

This work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Thought a strong navy was the key to world dominace.

Impact of Technology on Farmers

Thousands of farmers emigrate to the cities. Especially black people leaving the South (200,00)

Effect of World War I on Women's Suffrage

Turning point of women's suffrage

John J. Pershing

US general who chased Villa over 300 miles into Mexico but didn't capture him and commander of US troops in WW1.

Tenements

Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded.

Dollar Diplomacy

Use of American $$ in strategic areas of the world, so countries would be loyal to the US because they needed money. - Taft

Who is in charge of the Senate

Vice President: Kamala Harris

Spanish-American War

War began when the United States demanded Cuba's independence from Spain (the US has millions of $$ invested in sugar plantations, yellow journalism, and the DeLorme letter)

Russo-Japanese War

War between Russia and Japan. Theodore Roosevelt won Nobel peace prize for negotiating the treaty of Portsmouth to end the war.

Filipino-American War

War between the Philippines and the US. Philippines rebelled because they believed that the US had promised independence. The US put down the rebellion and let the Philippines have independence when they were ready to self rule.

Presidents of the 1920s

Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover

William Howard Taft

Was Roosevelt's vice president and was endorsed by Roosevelt because he pledged to carry on the progressive program. Was president for one term then lost to Woodrow Wilson and was the chief justice on the supreme court.

"Double Standard"

Women had much stricter standards in behavior than men.

Missionary Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson's idea of the United States' moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government that was viewed as hostile to American interests.

world safe for democracy

Woodrow Wilson's justification for declaring war on Germany and entering WWI.

Changes for women

World War one led to women's right to vote, more opportunities to work, new fashions, modern lifestyle

flappers

Young women who challenged social traditions with their dress and behavior

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal. SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

Fundamentalism

a Protestant religious movement grounded in the belief that all the stories and details in the Bible are literally true

Army Reorganization Bill of 1916

a bill that increased the US army to 200,000 men

Trust

a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition

trust

a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement. Participants turned over their stock to a group of trustees. In return the companies made dividends on profit earned by trust.

federal trade commission

a federal agency established to investigate and stop unfair business practices and put an end to some unfair big business practices.

New Woman's Party

a group formed to fight for women's suffrage by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

a group led by Marcus Garvey who wanted racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of an independent Black nation in Africa

Laissez-faire

a hands-off approach to government

Harlem Renaissance

a literary and artistic movement celebrating African American that expressed a new pride in the African American experience

Assimilation/Americanization

a minority group's adoption of the beliefs and ways of the dominant white culture (usually forced)

isolationism

a national policy of avoiding international affairs

Reasonable suspicion

a person can reasonably believe a rule may have been broken; used at schools.

Federalism

a political system in which power is divided and shared between the national government and the state governments

Literacy Test

a test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote, black people often could not pass them

Selective Service Act

act passed authorizing a draft of men for military service. Drafted 24 million men to quickly increase the size of the military in 1917.

reasons for economic growth in the 1920s

advertising and buying products of credit

Three-Fifths Compromise

agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes

Sherman Antitrust Act

an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States (a victory for small bushiness, workers, and consumers)

Poll Tax

an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote, black people were often too poor to pay them

Executive Branch checks Judicial Branch

appoints judges

goals of labor unions

better pay, safer conditions, and shorter hours (8 hour work day)

Russian Revolution

causes Russia to pull out of WW1 in 1917, hurting the Allies. Russia had the largest military, spend the most money, and occupied almost half the German millitary on the eastern front.

uses of the airplane in the 1920s

changed the way people traveled and mainly used as a mail carrying service.

recall

citizens could not remove corrupt officials. This reform allowed voters to call another election for an official who's term had not ended because they thought he was corrupt.

Referendum

citizens did not have the power to create laws. In 1920 this reform was created to give citizens the right to vote on the initiative.

Initiative

citizens did not have the power to create laws. In 1920 this reform was created to give citizens this power.

Ninth Amendment

citizens have rights not listed in the Constitution that are determined by the people

Limits on Freedom of Speech

clear and present danger libel and slander sexual harassment extremely crude language in a public forum disrespectful, vulgar language in schools hate crimes

W.E.B. DuBois

co-founded NAACP

standardized time

communities all had different times zones (based on the the dark) - made it hard for travelers - this was created as a solution

Great Compromise

compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

consumerism wages of workers in the 1920s

consumerism increased due to more ads, credit, and the increased wages of the workers. This negatively affected the farmers (drop in prices).

Teapot Dome Scandal

corruption by a Harding cabinet member, privately sold and profited off of the navy's oil.

Judicial Branch checks Executive Branch

decides if something is unconstitutional

Judicial Branch checks Legislative Branch

decides if something is unconstitutional

D, R, or S: Coin money

delegated

D, R, or S: Establish post offices

delegated

D, R, or S: National Defense and the military

delegated

D, R, or S: Regulate commerce

delegated

Meat Inspection Act

dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection

Fifth Amendment

due process of the law before conviction. Double jeopardy--cannot be tried for the same crime twice. You also never have to testify against yourself.

The job of the Executive Branch

enforce laws

14th Amendment

equal protection under the law

Volstead Act

established a Prohibition Bureau in the Treasury Department to fund prohibition

Grandfather Clause

even if you didn't pass the literally test, or you couldn't pay the poll tax, you were still qualified to vote if your grandfather had been registered, didn't really include African Americans as their ancestors were most likely enslaved

Impact of war on women

expands job opportunities (jobs that had been previously held by men), and allowed them to occupy some non-combat jobs in the military.

Due Process

fair treatment through the judicial system

Anti-imperialism

felt imperialism threatened nation's democratic foundations. Against the US expanding it's territory.

unskilled worker

general worker who can perform any job that requires no special knowledge or skill

Republic

government for the people by the people

Farmers Alliances

groups of farmers, or those in sympathy with farming issues, who sent lecturers from town to town to educate people about agricultural and rural issues

laissez-faire

hands off government - very little regulation on businesses - government favors business (similar to gilded age) - government control could be misinterpreted as communism - republicans more than democrats

The job of the Judicial Branch

interpret laws

Causes of Industrialization

large (& increasing) American population, lots of natural resources, lots of food, new technologies, government support of business, and railroads.

Jose Marti

led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain

Limits to Freedom of the Press

libel and slander disclose defense security secrets detail how to make certain weapons

Supreme Court term

life

Sedition Act

made it a crime to speak out against war bonds, or say anything unpatriotic, or hinder the war effort

The job of the Legislative Branch

make laws, taxes, and can declare war

Jacob Riis

muckraker who pointed out the terrible conditions of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s.

Delegated powers

national powers; if something is written in the Constitution, the national government is in charge of it.

Doughboys

nickname for American soldiers during WW1

Eighth Amendment

no excessive bail, no cruel and unusual punishment

overt action

obvious war actions ex: Germany attacking US ships

Neutrality

policy of supporting neither side in a war. The US was neutral for most of WW1 until it join the allies.

Social Gospel Movement

preached salvation through service to the poor. Believed they needed to fix the problems of the cities.

quota

restricted the amount of immigrants allowed in the US - Emergency Quota Act of 1921: limited Eastern European immigrants and prohibited Japanese immigration - National Origins Act of 1924: immigrants were totally free to enter from the Western Hemisphere as well as Western Europe

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

"Powderkeg of Europe"

Balkan peninsula because of many ethnic rivalries and Europe's leading powers had interests there.

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Billed the government 2-3 times what it would actually cost to build rail roads. Pocketed the rest.

The stock market crash of 1929 (and reasons for it)

Black Tuesday - people were buying stocks on credit that they couldn't afford (speculation) - banks start closing - credit crisis - unemployment rises - overproduction - reduced exports/trade - fewer people with money to purchase goods

Booker T. Washington

Black leader who promoted economic independence and a slow transition for blacks into free society

Sitting Bull

Chief of Sioux who refused to sign the Ft. Laramie Treaty

horizontal integration

Companies producing similar products merge. (companies buy out companies, Allows for them to set prices, No quality for consumers)

Monopoly

Complete control of a product or business by one company

Legislative Branch checks Judicial Branch

Congress approves judge and can impeach them

Establishment clause

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

Legislative branch checks Executive Branch

Congress votes to override a Presidential veto

National: Head of Legislative Branch

Congress--House of Representatives and Senate

Jane Addams

Created the settlement house movement - > used religion to deal with poverty and social ills.

Status of Cuba after Spanish-American War

Cuba became an independent country.

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Custer's old regiment rounded up about 350 starving/freezing Native Americans and took them to a camp, forcing them to give up all weapons. A shot was fired (unclear which side it was from). Soldiers opened fire with a cannon and massacred Native Americans

German U-Boats

German submarines (Lusitania)

Outcomes of World War I

Germany surrenders November 11, 1918.

State: Who is in charge of the Executive Branch

Governer

Homestead Act

Government gave 160 free acres of land to heads of household who met certain qualifications. Over 600,000 families got free land

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US

Big Stick Policy

Grow miliary as big as possible, so the military can do the talking - "speak softly and carry a big stick"

Pure Food and Drug Act

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

old immigration

Immigrants from Northwest Europe (England, Ireland, and Germany)

New Immigration

Immigrants from Southern and Eastern European countries, Latin America, and Asia arriving in the late 1800s

Ellis Island

Immigration processing center in New York (mainly European immigrants)

Sacco and Vanzetti

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty with no solid evidence and executed.

union membership

In the 1920s union membership declined because much of the workforce consisted of immigrants and most unions excluded African Americans.

D, R, or S: Borrow money

D, R, or S

Chinese Exclusion Act

Denied any additional Chinese immigrants to enter the country while allowing students and certain laborers to immigrate. 1882-1943

Homestead Steel Strike

Done by the Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers. At the Homestead Steel plant, owned by Andrew Carnegie, who locked out workers when they refused a wage decrease. Armed guards and fences protected the building. Gun battle brought in 8000 troops to crush the strike and the union

unions and strikes in the 1920s

Due to the job market shrinking after the war there was massive inflation and unemployment in the US. Millions of Americans went on strike, but were then labeled as communists for doing so.

Anti-Germanism in the United States

During WW1 Americans burned German books, changed Germans street names and names of German foods, and changed their German last names. Hate crimes were carried out towards Germans in America.

Standard of living for Americans in Gilded Age

During the Gilded age the standards of living were very low and only few who were very rich had a very high standard of living.

immigration laws of the 1920s

Emergency Quota Act of 1921- set up a quota who could enter the US from a foreign country National Origins Act of 1924- cut quota to 2% of that country's population in US in 1890

Treaty of Paris of 1898

Ended the Spanish American War. Spain granted Puerto Rico, Guam, and sold the Philippines to the US, and Cuba received conditional independence

John D. Rockefeller

Established the Standard Oil Company. Created a monopoly by mergers, trust agreements and buying out competition.

17th Amendment

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

Veto

Executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law

Social Darwinism

Failure and success of business is governed by natural law and a marketplace should not be regulated. Robber barons supported this and the hands off government helped this.

TR's Nobel Peace Prize

For his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth ( Negotiated peace between Russia and Japan after the Russo-Japanese war)

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Little Big Horn

George Custer reported that the black hills had gold and got the federal government to move the Native Americans again. All 260 of Custer's men die and Native Americans win the battle Press makes the Native Americans out to be bad people and government sends more troops

Impact of war on African-Americans

"great migration" towards the north for jobs available (due to labor shortage) and allowed to serve in segregated units in the military.

skilled worker

(n) a worker who has special abilities or training

famous people of the 1920s

- Babe Ruth (baseball player) - Charles Lindbergh (pilot) - Henry Ford (owner of Ford) - Charlie Chaplin (actor) - Clara Bow (actress) - Rudolph Valentino (actor) - Helen Wills (tennis player) - Andrew "Rube" Foster (baseball player) - Gertrude Ederle (swimmer) - Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) - Duke Ellington (jazz composer and pianist) - Bessie Smith (jazz singer)

fads of the 1920s

- jazz - flappers - movies - radio

Goals of the Progressive Movement

1. protecting social welfare 2. promoting moral improvement 3. creating economic reform 4. fight corruption

How many people make up the Senate

100

Gilded Age (dates)

1877-1901

Gilded Age

1877-1901 (shiny on the outside but not on the inside)

American Federation of Labor

1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hours, working conditions; composed of skilled laborers. Used the strike a lot. Leader = Samuel Gompers. 1 million members, but rejected women, unskilled workers, and black Americans

Dawes Act

1887 law - congress tried to "Americanize" the Native Americans by breaking the reservations into individual 160 acre plots for the Native Americans to farm - attempt to break up tribes - make Native Americans private land owners - 2/3 of land taken from Native Americans from whites

Interstate Commerce Act

1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses (required railroads to post rates and not discriminate against shippers). The national government was once again in charge of the railroads (took power from states).

Prohibition

18th Amendment forbidding the sale, manufacture, and transport of alcohol.

years of World War I

1914-1918

W.E.B. DuBois

1st black man to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination through formal education, helped create NAACP in 1910

House of Representatives term

2 years

Qualifications to be in House of Representatives

25 y/o, live in represented state, US citizen for 7 years

Qualifications to become a US Senator

30 y/o, live in state represented, US citizen for 9 years

Qualifications to become President

35 y/o, natural born citizen, resident of US for 14 years

Presidential term

4 years, can serve 2 times, no more than 10 years

How many people make up the House of Representatives

435

How many people make up Congress

535

Elector

538 people who make up Electoral College

Senate term

6 years

How to become a Supreme Court justice

9 justices, appointed by President and confirmed by senate

The Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which suspected communists were hunted down. Deported hundreds of foreign-born radicals without a fair trial. They failed to find evidence of communist take over, but this fueled the red scare.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Jacob Riis

A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives.

Ghost Dance

A Paiute prophet promised that if the Sioux performed a ritual called the Ghost Dance, Native American lands and way of life would be restored. Spread rapidly and US Army tried to arrest Sitting Bull, but killed him instead

Andrew Carnegie

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company. His company dominated the American steel industry (vertical and horizontal integration).

Industrial Workers of the World (WOBBLIES)

A Socialist union led by "Big Bill" Haywood that worked to overthrow capitalism. Believed violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

Carlisle School

A boarding school for Native American children that tried to assimilate them into Native American culture by wiping them of their heritage The 1st of its kind - convinced tribal leaders to send their children there

vertical integration

A company controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to transport systems.

Schenck v. United States

A decision upholding the conviction of Schneck, a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. It was declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger".

National Park Service

A federal agency established to help supervise national parks and monuments (concervation)

Trench warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Knights of Labor

A labor union that formed in 1869 with the goal of getting 8-hour workdays, and the abolition of child and prison labor, equal pay for women, and safety codes in the workplace. Open to all workers but the idle and corrupt. The leader was Terence V. Powderly. Strikes were a last resort. Ended from effects from Haymarket Riot and disagreements over membership for black people and women. Killed by 1890

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages. Feared alcohol was undermining American morals

speakeasy

A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones (Anti-immigration groups, demand for immigration restrictions) Lots of new immigration (Latin American and Asian immigrants) faced this.

nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones. In the 1920's immigrants were discriminated against for reasons including communism.

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations. The US was this way before the war and republicans wanted it to stay that way (rejected the league of nations).

Populist Party

A political party created by miners and farmers that tried to bring the power to the people

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A suffragette who organized the Seneca Falls Convention and lead the NAWSA

Clayton Antitrust Act

Act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.

Indian Problem

American colonists believed that Native Americans were "in the way" of their expansion West.

Dawes Plan

American investors loaned Germany 2.5 billion to pay back Britain and France with annual payments on a fixed scale. Then those countries paid the US back, thus the US arranged to be repaid with its own money.

Open Door Policy

American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there

John T. Scopes

An educator in Tennessee who was arrested for teaching evolution. He was found guilty and fined.

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace (Woodrow Wilson). The US didn't join because of isolationists.

Ku Klux Klan

Anti-immigration extremist group - 4.5 million members in 1920s - WASP = White, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant - strongest in working class neighborhoods

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

Jim Crow Laws

racial segregation laws to separate white and black people in public and private facilities

Bozeman Trail

ran directly through Sioux hunting grounds in the Bighorn Mountains, the chief unsuccessfully appealed to the government to end white settlement on the trail Caused the Battle of the Hundred Slain in Montana Oregon

Conflict in the 1920s.

red scare -- anti immigration laws, Palmer raids, and Sacco and Vezetti were some of the results of this. Fundamentalism - Scopes trial.

economic reform

reforms based around economics - federal trade commission, Clayton antitrust act

social reform

reforms centered around life - social gospel movement and the hull house

political reform

reforms centered around the government - suffrage

Tenth Amendment

reserve clause. Rights not mentioned in the Constitution are reserved for the states.

D, R, or S: Education laws

reserved

D, R, or S: Highways

reserved

D, R, or S: Marriage and divorce

reserved