CRIJ- 2314 C Exam 2 CH 5-8
Simple
Define "succinct":
- Duress: stress - Coercion: beating for a confession
The terms "Duress" and "Coercion" imply:
- Expecting quick results from the Crime Lab just like on TV.
What is the "CSI Effect"?
- 2003 - 25 different units
FBI Crime Lab was established in ___________ and composed of how many units.
- A nonprofit legal organization that works to exonerate wrongfully convicted people through DNA testing.
What is the "Innocence Project" and what does it do?
Where the "verb" is.
A good report should be written in the "Active Voice." What does that mean?
- Plan appropriately - Have all necessary equipment - Safety and security measures
How would a police officer prepare for surveillance?
- 1979 in Atlanta - John Douglas and Ray Hazelwood -Wayne Williams (acted sick just like John Douglas profiled)
1st major test of profiling by the FBI was when, where, profilers involved, and what suspect?
Victim, Perpetrator, Crime Scene, and Perps environment.
4 places we can expect to find evidence:
Yes
Are field notes "discoverable"?
All involve having a witness visually verify a suspect from a group of potential suspects.
Compare: Photo Lineups, Show ups, and Live Lineups.
Voluntary
Confessions must always be:
- Asking good questions, listening carefully, and keeping proper documentation are elements common to both forms of obtaining information.
Define "Rapport" and what does it have to do with I/I?
Explicit threats of violence
Give an example of "witness intimidation".
Detailed description of the suspect.
Give an example of a "Solvability Factor":
Same: Both are acknowledgements. Different: Admission is when a person acknowledges certain facts but leaves room for reasonable doubt. Confession leaves no room for reasonable doubt.
How are confessions and admissions same/different?
- Same: Controlled surroundings, establishing rapport, proper documentation. - Different: Interviewing used to gain info. Interrogations designed to match acquired info to a particular suspect to secure confession.
How are interrogations/interviews the same and different?
- Name, Sex, Age
List some "Common Elements" of a police report.
Possible Bonus: - "Battlestar Galactica"
Nickname for FBI Crime Lab:
Chronological
Police reports should be written in _______________________ order.
Accurate, objective, concise, and complete.
Police reports should be:
- It was a case that ruled the results of a "deception test" inadmissible..
Tell me about the Frye Case.
Who, What, Where, When, How, and Why
What 6 questions do you want to answer when writing a police report or when taking field notes?
- Body language someone does that could mean they are not being honest. - The Rogatory (hands up) position
What are "signs of deception" and give an example:
- Stationary - Mobile
What are the 2 broad categories of surveillance that we talked about in class?
- Listen attentively - Intervene if speaker is losing focus - Review specifics in notes with person being questioned - Allow time for verification or correcting - Add or correct info as needed - Verify all changes with the speaker.
What are the 6 main "Guidelines" for taking notes?
- Identify and compare - Over 400 - Federal, State, Municipal, Private - 1923
What can the crime lab do for the officer? How many crime labs do we have in the US? What kind? When was the first crime lab started?
- AFIS: Automated Fingerprint Identification System - CODIS: Combined DNA Index System
What do the acronyms "AFIS" and "CODIS" stand for?
Secure them in Evidence.
What do you do with "field notes" once you are done with them?
Many charts.
What does the term "Polygraph" really mean?
- The continued observance of people, places, and things to obtain information of investigative significance. - Comes from the French phrase for "watching over".
What does the word "Surveillance" mean and where does it come from?
- 2 way radio - Mobile phone - Video camera with extra batteries - Binoculars and thermal or IR devices
What equipment is needed to do surveillance?
- Witness is interviewed - Investigator or Detective
What happens in the "Follow-up" investigation and who normally conducts this?
- Privileged information not accessible to others.
What information might you learn by reading the Texas Rules of Evidence?
- Process of studying all available information related to a crime and developing a psychological portrait of the unknown offender.
What is "Criminal Profiling"?
- National Crime Information Center - Access to the National Sex Offender Registry, Missing Persons File, Protective Order File, and even Gang Files.
What is "NCIC" and what information is available to the police from it?
- Regional Information Sharing Systems
What is "RISS"?
- Cases that are unsolved due to lack of leads.
What is a "Cold Case".
Going from door to door asking residents if they saw or heard anything. It's used to find possible witnesses to a crime.
What is a "Neighborhood Canvass" and what is the purpose?
- Lack of training - Lack of accreditation - DNA contamination - Sentencing mistakes
What kinds of problems would "discredit" a crime lab?
Possible payment for providing certain information.
What might motivate someone to become an informant for the police?
Being "burned" with bad information.
What problems might you encounter when working with an informant?
- 5th and 6th Amendment
What rights are afforded under the Miranda Warning?
If the continuation of surveillance outweighs increased risk of detection.
What would you consider when determining whether to stop or continue doing surveillance?
After a person is taken into custody for an offense and before any questioning by LEO's with the intent of using suspect's statements in court.
When is the Miranda Warning required to be given?
TPC 36.06
Where in the Texas law do you find the offense of "Retaliation"?
The JP
Who performs the duty of the Coroner in Bell County?
- Establish existence of a crime - Obtain probable cause for search warrant application - Apprehend suspects as the crime occurs.
Why do the police do surveillance?
- Pathological need for attention or self-punishment; feeling of guilt or delusions; perception of tangible gain; desire to protect a parent, child, or someone else.
Why would someone confess to a crime they did not commit?
No because human perception can be sloppy and uneven.
Would you consider "eyewitness" identification reliable? Why/why not?