criminal justice final

Community service, and home detention are examples of _____ sentencing

Alternative

The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is

Beyond a reasonable doubt

in the most big city police department, which branch is tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department

Internal affairs division

which US supreme court case established the court's authority as the final interpreter of the US constitution

Marbury V madison

if a judge request information on a convicted defendants background, the probation or parole officer will conduct a ______ investigation

Presentence

Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?

The inmates behavior while incarcerated

if the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination

The prosecutor

which of the following is a purpose of bail?

To prevent unconvicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily

What is a hung jury?

a jury that is unable to agree on a verdict

Agencies such as CALEA provide ________ to police departments that meet specified minimum professional standards.

accreditation

which of the following is an example of a grass eater?

an officer who excepts, small bribes and minor services from citizens

courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have

appellate jurisdiction

General conditions of probation

apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction

what is the earliest stage of the court process at which defend it may be given formal notice of the charges against them

arraignment

A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required, and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear, is known as

bail bond

the ______ keeps order in the Court room and announces the judges entry to the courtroom

bailiff

probation is ordered by the

court

all states have a(n)

court of last resort

The role of the ______ is to create a record of all that occurs during trial

court reporter

information that is compiled in an effort to prevent or monitor, criminal activity is known as

criminal intelligence

The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to

determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

General deterrence attempts to

discourage potential offenders from committing crimes

The special responsibility to adhere to a moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is known as police.

ethics

_______ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt, or blame

exculpatory

Mary is sentenced to probation. The conditions she must observe, applied to all probationers in the jurisdiction where she was sentenced. These are known as ______ conditions

general

an Indictment is filed by the

grand jury

in general, the most common way, for a police officer to die in the line of duty, is as the result of

gunfire

The current standard, for the use of deadly force by federal agents is

imminent danger

offenders convicted of a felony is in state court are most likely to receive which traditional sanction

imprisonment

which goal of sentencing focuses on separating offenders from society, to reduce opportunities for further criminality

incapacitation

which of the following does the FBI consider an important strategy used to combat police corruption?

increased ethics training for both new and experienced officers

A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ______ sentencing

indeterminate

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense usually a felony is known as an

indictment

a subpoena ______

is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court

The US Supreme Court has ruled that ______ must decide the facts that led to a death sentence

juries, not judges

a _______ weapon is designed to disable capture or immobilize, but not kill a suspect

less-lethal

_____ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime

mandatory sentencing

which type of police corruption identified by the Knapp Commission involves the active seeking of illicit money making opportunities by officers

meat eating

which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or act on a case from its beginning, and to pass judgment on the law and the facts

original jurisdiction

which of the following is a prisoner reentry strategy

parole

release on recognizance

permits release, on the basis of a written promise to appear

what is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States

probation

a drug court is an example of a

problem solving court

weapons, tire tracks and fingerprints are examples of _____ evidence

real

The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes

retribution

Jack violated a condition of his parole. This resulted in parole ______ and he was returned to prison

revocation

________ hearings determine whether parolees have violated the conditions of their parole

revocation

a _____ jury is isolated from the public, and removed from all outside influences

sequestered

A police subculture includes

shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior

which intermediate sanction resembles a military style boot camp

shock incarceration

which sanction requires that offenders serve sometime in a local jail before serving a period of supervised probation

split sentence

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure, known as

the adversarial system

which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group

the defendant

what was the original purpose for profiling

to help catch drug couriers attempting to enter the United States

what was the main purpose of the 2008 second chance act

to reduce the number of parolees being returned to prison for technical violations

according to the national Institute of corrections _______ had the largest impact on reducing recidivism

treatment oriented intensive supervision

US district courts are the ______ for the federal court system

trial courts

in which situation are police officers most likely to use force

while making an arrest