criminal justice final
Community service, and home detention are examples of _____ sentencing
Alternative
The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is
Beyond a reasonable doubt
in the most big city police department, which branch is tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department
Internal affairs division
which US supreme court case established the court's authority as the final interpreter of the US constitution
Marbury V madison
if a judge request information on a convicted defendants background, the probation or parole officer will conduct a ______ investigation
Presentence
Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?
The inmates behavior while incarcerated
if the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination
The prosecutor
which of the following is a purpose of bail?
To prevent unconvicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily
What is a hung jury?
a jury that is unable to agree on a verdict
Agencies such as CALEA provide ________ to police departments that meet specified minimum professional standards.
accreditation
which of the following is an example of a grass eater?
an officer who excepts, small bribes and minor services from citizens
courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have
appellate jurisdiction
General conditions of probation
apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction
what is the earliest stage of the court process at which defend it may be given formal notice of the charges against them
arraignment
A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required, and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear, is known as
bail bond
the ______ keeps order in the Court room and announces the judges entry to the courtroom
bailiff
probation is ordered by the
court
all states have a(n)
court of last resort
The role of the ______ is to create a record of all that occurs during trial
court reporter
information that is compiled in an effort to prevent or monitor, criminal activity is known as
criminal intelligence
The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to
determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant
General deterrence attempts to
discourage potential offenders from committing crimes
The special responsibility to adhere to a moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is known as police.
ethics
_______ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt, or blame
exculpatory
Mary is sentenced to probation. The conditions she must observe, applied to all probationers in the jurisdiction where she was sentenced. These are known as ______ conditions
general
an Indictment is filed by the
grand jury
in general, the most common way, for a police officer to die in the line of duty, is as the result of
gunfire
The current standard, for the use of deadly force by federal agents is
imminent danger
offenders convicted of a felony is in state court are most likely to receive which traditional sanction
imprisonment
which goal of sentencing focuses on separating offenders from society, to reduce opportunities for further criminality
incapacitation
which of the following does the FBI consider an important strategy used to combat police corruption?
increased ethics training for both new and experienced officers
A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ______ sentencing
indeterminate
A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense usually a felony is known as an
indictment
a subpoena ______
is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court
The US Supreme Court has ruled that ______ must decide the facts that led to a death sentence
juries, not judges
a _______ weapon is designed to disable capture or immobilize, but not kill a suspect
less-lethal
_____ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime
mandatory sentencing
which type of police corruption identified by the Knapp Commission involves the active seeking of illicit money making opportunities by officers
meat eating
which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or act on a case from its beginning, and to pass judgment on the law and the facts
original jurisdiction
which of the following is a prisoner reentry strategy
parole
release on recognizance
permits release, on the basis of a written promise to appear
what is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States
probation
a drug court is an example of a
problem solving court
weapons, tire tracks and fingerprints are examples of _____ evidence
real
The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes
retribution
Jack violated a condition of his parole. This resulted in parole ______ and he was returned to prison
revocation
________ hearings determine whether parolees have violated the conditions of their parole
revocation
a _____ jury is isolated from the public, and removed from all outside influences
sequestered
A police subculture includes
shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior
which intermediate sanction resembles a military style boot camp
shock incarceration
which sanction requires that offenders serve sometime in a local jail before serving a period of supervised probation
split sentence
American criminal trial courts operate under a structure, known as
the adversarial system
which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group
the defendant
what was the original purpose for profiling
to help catch drug couriers attempting to enter the United States
what was the main purpose of the 2008 second chance act
to reduce the number of parolees being returned to prison for technical violations
according to the national Institute of corrections _______ had the largest impact on reducing recidivism
treatment oriented intensive supervision
US district courts are the ______ for the federal court system
trial courts
in which situation are police officers most likely to use force
while making an arrest