Criminal Justice Unit 2
In 2015, Albuquerque NM with a pop of 905,803 reported 7,179 violent criminal offenses. What was the violent crime rate
793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
Under which federal agency is the Federal Bureau of Investigation?
Department of Justice
this refers to a courts authority to hear certain cases
jurisdiction
Which feature did England contribute to U.S policing
limited police authority, fragmented system, local control
which is not one of the six arguments that can be employed in the defense against a criminal indictment
my client did it
This is the most viable function of police
patrol
What is the name of the program by which the government provides surplus military equipment to state and local law enforcement agencies?
1033
Why is the military model an attractive model for organizing the police department?
According to Egon Bittner, one of the reasons that the military model was attractive to police planners was the lack of other models of organization.
The multiple outsider status of women and minority police officers
Double marginaliy
At the beginning of the 20th century, U.S law enforcemtn was highly professional, fair and organized
False
J. Edgar Hoover built the Secret Service into one of the premier law enforcement agencies in the war
False
Police officers exercise little discretion in their daily routines
False
The move towards police professionalism insitiuted functions not normally concerned with crime control such as chasing stray dogs and enforcing minor morals law
False
The structure of law enforcement agencies is dissimilar to that of military units
False
These offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison
Felonies
How many offenses are never reported to police
Half
This case set for that the military commission as authorized after September 11, 2001, is insufficient to try terrorist suspects under the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions.
Hamdan vs Rumsfield
Written on an ancient stone tablet, this collection of over 250 laws covered a wide range of issues
Hammurabi's code
Which is not a strategy to reduce police stress
Increase the paramilitary focus of the police.
At the start of the 20th century, U.S law enforcement was inefficient and corrupt
True
Research has found that the stress of police work is highly related to alcohol abuse
True
The right to privacy does not extend to these even if officers are trespassing.
Open fields
This consists of the rules, habits and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms
Social control
which best describes the U.S criminal court system
adversarial
generally, the public approves of the practice of plea bargaining
false
the criminal justice system is confined to one level of government
false
the political boundaries of cities, counties and states can determine the subject-matter jurisdiction of a court
false
the workings of the court are usually easily understood by defendants, victims and witnesses
false
At this level, judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate according to the Senate's advise-and-consent responsibility as stated in the Constitution.
federal
what is the major division of the U.S court system
federal courts: state courts
Three distinct levels of law enforcement in the United States
federal, state, local
this type of offense includes murder, rape assault, larceny, and arson
felony
this describes a jury that is deadlocked or that cannot produce a unanimous verdict
hung jury
According to the wedding cake model of criminal justice, what does the bottom layer represent
misdemeanors
a prosecutor offers defendant jamie a deal in which jamie pleads guilty to stealing a backpack in which time already served in jail and the promise to go into therapy. which term best describes this sentence
plea bargain
common law is base on this
precedent
This is a reason, based on known facts, to think that a criminal offense has occurred.
probable cause
this is who works in the courthouse
the courtroom work group
The procedural law that controls the activities of law enforcement is derived from the ____ amendment
4th
After the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theater in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. Which term best relates to this activity?
victim impact statement
What are Wilson's three Styles of Policing?
watchman style, legalistic style, service style
How does the 4th amendment limit the actions of police officers?
All searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment must be reasonable and no excessive force shall be used.
Most definitions of victim precipitation assert this
Both A and B
This is useful for generating leads in cases in which biological evidence is recovered from a crime scene.
CODIS
This policing strategy attempts to harness the resources and residents of a jurisdiction in stopping crime and maintaining order.
Community policing
This is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct
Justice
This minor criminal offense is punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year
Misdemeanor
The largest local police force in the country
New York Police Department
This term refers to the mindset of police who much deal with danger, authority, isolation and suspicion while appearing to be efficient
Policeman's working personality
Style of policing that attempts to address the underlying social problem that contributes to crime by integrating research and scientific problem solving strategies to analyze instances of crime with the goal of developing more effective response strategies
Problem oriented policing
The militarization of police and the war on crime analogy are most apparent in these divisions of enforement agencies
SWAT teams
After September 11, 2001, this former Department of Treasury law enforcement agency was moved to the Department of Homeland Security
Secret Service
According to this case, deadly force may only be used if a suspect poses a threat to officers or bystanders
Tennessee v. Garner
In this case, Supreme Court found that police have the right to seach suspects to ensure their own safety if they think that the suspect are armed
Terry v. Ohio
Sutton breaks into a house when the owner is away and looks for valuable items to steal. However, he does not find anything worth taking and leaves. The owner returns later and does not notice anything amiss, nor even realize that the house was entered. How will sutton's offense be recorded?
The offense will not be recorded; it is part of the dark figure of crime
This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available
Uniform crime reports
While out on patrol, Officer Kealoha spots a group of youths sitting in the backyard of a house and smoking. She takes note of the situation, but because the youths are quiet and minding their own business, she moves on. What type of policing is this the best example of?
Watchman Style
this is a written petition to a higher court to review a lower courts decision for the purpose of convincing the higher court that the lower courts decision was incorrect
appeal
after searching a suspect who matches a description of a robber and finding a loaded handgun, Officer Cerezo handcuffs the suspect, reads him his rights, and drives him to the station to be placed in a holding cell. which term best describes this activity
arrest
Dale works for a private company that provides money allowing suspects to be released from jail. What is Dale's job?
bail agent
This refers to the highest level of proof required to win a case.
beyond a reasonable doubt
which types of cases do federal courts hear
cases involving bankruptcy, copyright, patent, and maritime law
This court officer records and transcribes a verbatim record of the proceedings
court reporter
This social institution controls crime by detecting, detaining, adjudicating and punishing and/or rehabilitating people who break the law
criminal justice
This courtroom actor is responsible for protecting the interests of the accused.
defense attorney
this is the first step of the trial process
defense opening statement
The decisions that police officers make about which laws to enforce, how much to enforce them, when to let some offenses slide and when to devote attention to truly significant offenses is
discretion
this is the schedule of cases for a court
docket
Which is a peacemaking or order-maintenance problem that the police may be called for?
domestic disputes, mental illness issue, crowd control
this legal principle states that a person can't be tried twicce for the same offense
double jeopardy
All courtrooms operate in exactly the same way.
false
A SWAT team is not liekly to do this
run DUI check points
The Fourth Amendment states: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers and effects, aainst _____, shall not be violated"
searches and seizures
these are the rules for deciding sentences and are set down by a commission
sentencing guidelines
this type of law is enacted by legislatures
statutory law
what are the three types of jurisdiction
subject-matter, geographic, and hierarchical
Which activity most often brings police officers into face-to-face contact with citizens
traffic duties
Crimonologist benjamin mendelsohn believed that most victims had an unconscious attitude that led to their victimization
true
many criminal offenses go undetected and their harm to society is not generally perceived
true
plea bargaining is not concerned with determining guilt
true
the U.S supreme court hears about 100 cases a year
true
the courts do not control how they are financed, do not control how many cases they receive, cannot ensure adequate resources to carry out sentences and cannot control their public image
true