Criminal Justice Unit 2

In 2015, Albuquerque NM with a pop of 905,803 reported 7,179 violent criminal offenses. What was the violent crime rate

793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants

Under which federal agency is the Federal Bureau of Investigation?

Department of Justice

this refers to a courts authority to hear certain cases

jurisdiction

Which feature did England contribute to U.S policing

limited police authority, fragmented system, local control

which is not one of the six arguments that can be employed in the defense against a criminal indictment

my client did it

This is the most viable function of police

patrol

What is the name of the program by which the government provides surplus military equipment to state and local law enforcement agencies?

1033

Why is the military model an attractive model for organizing the police department?

According to Egon Bittner, one of the reasons that the military model was attractive to police planners was the lack of other models of organization.

The multiple outsider status of women and minority police officers

Double marginaliy

At the beginning of the 20th century, U.S law enforcemtn was highly professional, fair and organized

False

J. Edgar Hoover built the Secret Service into one of the premier law enforcement agencies in the war

False

Police officers exercise little discretion in their daily routines

False

The move towards police professionalism insitiuted functions not normally concerned with crime control such as chasing stray dogs and enforcing minor morals law

False

The structure of law enforcement agencies is dissimilar to that of military units

False

These offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison

Felonies

How many offenses are never reported to police

Half

This case set for that the military commission as authorized after September 11, 2001, is insufficient to try terrorist suspects under the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions.

Hamdan vs Rumsfield

Written on an ancient stone tablet, this collection of over 250 laws covered a wide range of issues

Hammurabi's code

Which is not a strategy to reduce police stress

Increase the paramilitary focus of the police.

At the start of the 20th century, U.S law enforcement was inefficient and corrupt

True

Research has found that the stress of police work is highly related to alcohol abuse

True

The right to privacy does not extend to these even if officers are trespassing.

Open fields

This consists of the rules, habits and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms

Social control

which best describes the U.S criminal court system

adversarial

generally, the public approves of the practice of plea bargaining

false

the criminal justice system is confined to one level of government

false

the political boundaries of cities, counties and states can determine the subject-matter jurisdiction of a court

false

the workings of the court are usually easily understood by defendants, victims and witnesses

false

At this level, judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate according to the Senate's advise-and-consent responsibility as stated in the Constitution.

federal

what is the major division of the U.S court system

federal courts: state courts

Three distinct levels of law enforcement in the United States

federal, state, local

this type of offense includes murder, rape assault, larceny, and arson

felony

this describes a jury that is deadlocked or that cannot produce a unanimous verdict

hung jury

According to the wedding cake model of criminal justice, what does the bottom layer represent

misdemeanors

a prosecutor offers defendant jamie a deal in which jamie pleads guilty to stealing a backpack in which time already served in jail and the promise to go into therapy. which term best describes this sentence

plea bargain

common law is base on this

precedent

This is a reason, based on known facts, to think that a criminal offense has occurred.

probable cause

this is who works in the courthouse

the courtroom work group

The procedural law that controls the activities of law enforcement is derived from the ____ amendment

4th

After the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theater in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. Which term best relates to this activity?

victim impact statement

What are Wilson's three Styles of Policing?

watchman style, legalistic style, service style

How does the 4th amendment limit the actions of police officers?

All searches and seizures under the Fourth Amendment must be reasonable and no excessive force shall be used.

Most definitions of victim precipitation assert this

Both A and B

This is useful for generating leads in cases in which biological evidence is recovered from a crime scene.

CODIS

This policing strategy attempts to harness the resources and residents of a jurisdiction in stopping crime and maintaining order.

Community policing

This is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct

Justice

This minor criminal offense is punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year

Misdemeanor

The largest local police force in the country

New York Police Department

This term refers to the mindset of police who much deal with danger, authority, isolation and suspicion while appearing to be efficient

Policeman's working personality

Style of policing that attempts to address the underlying social problem that contributes to crime by integrating research and scientific problem solving strategies to analyze instances of crime with the goal of developing more effective response strategies

Problem oriented policing

The militarization of police and the war on crime analogy are most apparent in these divisions of enforement agencies

SWAT teams

After September 11, 2001, this former Department of Treasury law enforcement agency was moved to the Department of Homeland Security

Secret Service

According to this case, deadly force may only be used if a suspect poses a threat to officers or bystanders

Tennessee v. Garner

In this case, Supreme Court found that police have the right to seach suspects to ensure their own safety if they think that the suspect are armed

Terry v. Ohio

Sutton breaks into a house when the owner is away and looks for valuable items to steal. However, he does not find anything worth taking and leaves. The owner returns later and does not notice anything amiss, nor even realize that the house was entered. How will sutton's offense be recorded?

The offense will not be recorded; it is part of the dark figure of crime

This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available

Uniform crime reports

While out on patrol, Officer Kealoha spots a group of youths sitting in the backyard of a house and smoking. She takes note of the situation, but because the youths are quiet and minding their own business, she moves on. What type of policing is this the best example of?

Watchman Style

this is a written petition to a higher court to review a lower courts decision for the purpose of convincing the higher court that the lower courts decision was incorrect

appeal

after searching a suspect who matches a description of a robber and finding a loaded handgun, Officer Cerezo handcuffs the suspect, reads him his rights, and drives him to the station to be placed in a holding cell. which term best describes this activity

arrest

Dale works for a private company that provides money allowing suspects to be released from jail. What is Dale's job?

bail agent

This refers to the highest level of proof required to win a case.

beyond a reasonable doubt

which types of cases do federal courts hear

cases involving bankruptcy, copyright, patent, and maritime law

This court officer records and transcribes a verbatim record of the proceedings

court reporter

This social institution controls crime by detecting, detaining, adjudicating and punishing and/or rehabilitating people who break the law

criminal justice

This courtroom actor is responsible for protecting the interests of the accused.

defense attorney

this is the first step of the trial process

defense opening statement

The decisions that police officers make about which laws to enforce, how much to enforce them, when to let some offenses slide and when to devote attention to truly significant offenses is

discretion

this is the schedule of cases for a court

docket

Which is a peacemaking or order-maintenance problem that the police may be called for?

domestic disputes, mental illness issue, crowd control

this legal principle states that a person can't be tried twicce for the same offense

double jeopardy

All courtrooms operate in exactly the same way.

false

A SWAT team is not liekly to do this

run DUI check points

The Fourth Amendment states: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers and effects, aainst _____, shall not be violated"

searches and seizures

these are the rules for deciding sentences and are set down by a commission

sentencing guidelines

this type of law is enacted by legislatures

statutory law

what are the three types of jurisdiction

subject-matter, geographic, and hierarchical

Which activity most often brings police officers into face-to-face contact with citizens

traffic duties

Crimonologist benjamin mendelsohn believed that most victims had an unconscious attitude that led to their victimization

true

many criminal offenses go undetected and their harm to society is not generally perceived

true

plea bargaining is not concerned with determining guilt

true

the U.S supreme court hears about 100 cases a year

true

the courts do not control how they are financed, do not control how many cases they receive, cannot ensure adequate resources to carry out sentences and cannot control their public image

true