Criminal Justice Unit 3 test

How many U.S. supreme court justices are there?

9

What is a hung jury?

A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict

The most important form of persecutorial discretion lies in the power to ____

Charge, or not to charge, a person with an offense

Which of the following is a characteristic of restorative justice?

Crime has individual and social dimensions of responsibility

Which of the following is an advantage of the imposition of fines as a criminal sanction?

Fines can be made proportionate to the seriousness of the crime

In which case did the Supreme Court approve a two-step procedure that separates the determination of guilt from the determination of the sentence?

Gregg v. Georgia

________ guilt is established only when the prosecutor presents sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged.

Legal

Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?

The inmate's behavior while incarcerated

Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance?

The offender acted under strong provocation

What is a judicial review?

The power of a court to review actions and decisions made by other agencies of government

What appears to be the most dramatic result of the recent emphasis on the use of mandatory sentencing and other get-tough policies?

The use of incarceration as a sentencing option has increased significantly.

What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing?

To give defendants the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention

A trail de novo occurs when_____

a case is retried on appeal

Community service and home detention are examples of ______ sentencing.

alternative

Mario is a criminal attorney with a private practice. He has been appointed by the court to serve as a defense attorney for an indigent defendant and receives a fee from the court at a rate set by the state government. Mario is a(n) ________ counsel.

assigned

The _____ keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judges entry to the courtroom

bailiff

The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is _____

beyond a reasonable doubt

________ evidence requires interpretation or requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion based on what the evidence indicates.

circumstantial

Which of the following provides the first appellate level for courts of limited jurisdiction?

courts of general jurisdiction

TV shows like The People's Court and Judge Judy are examples of which type of court?

courts of limited jurisdiction

The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to _____

determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

While Bob was studying in the library, his wallet was stolen. When the thief was caught, Bob opted to resolve the case informally at a ________ staffed by volunteer mediators.

dispute-resolution center

_____ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame

exculpatory

An indictment is filed by the _____

grand jury

The judge _____

holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law

The traditional sanction most-commonly imposed upon convicted felons is ___

imprisonment

A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison in an example of ____ sentencing.

indeterminate

A formal written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person has committed a specified offense, usually a felony, is known as an ________.

indictment

A formal written accusation submitted to a court by a prosecutor, alleging that a person has committed a crime is what?

information

A court's ________ is the territory, subject matter, or people over which that court may exercise authority.

jurisdiction

An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a ____ witness.

law

The Missouri plan is a

method of judicial selection based on merit

Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts?

original jurisdiction

Release on recognizance ____

permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear

release on recognizance____

permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear.

Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi. Joel's action is known as ________.

prejury

Which type of indigent defense involves the use of full-time salaried state employees?

public defender programs

A defendant who is NOT indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which type of defense attorney?

retained counsel

The biggest drivers of rising incineration rates in the United States are_____

sentencing policies

A ________ jury is isolated from the public and removed from all outside influences.

sequestered

What types of cases do courts of limited jurisdiction usually handle?

small claims, traffic, parking, and civil infractions

the clerk of court is responsible for _____

summoning members of the public for jury duty

American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ____

the adversarial system

If the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination?

the prosecutor

U.S. district courts are the ________ for the federal court system.

trial courts

Literally, "new trial". This term is applied to cases that are retried on appeal, as opposed to those that are simply reviewed on the record.

trial de novo

________ are often considered the most forgotten people in the courtroom.

victims

When is a probable cause hearing necessary?

when the arrest was made without a warrant