Criminalistics Exam 3
8
A BAC of 0.08% is equivalent to _________ grams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood
National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA)
A U.S. government agency that implements the drug testing program that has become a condition of federal employment
hallucinogen
A ________ is a substance that induces changes in mood, thought, or perception
narcotic
A drug that numbs the senses and places the user in a stupor is a __________
GC-MS
A positive immunoassay test leads to a confirmation test that is usually performed by ________
one
A secondary amine has ________ hydrogen on the nitrogen
bulk
A seized quantity of drugs that is large enough to be weighed is called a ________ sample
depressant
Alcohol acts as a ________ on the central nervous system
ammonia
Amines are derives from _________, NH3
stimulants
Amphetamines are ___________
Codeine
An alkaloid narcotic derived from opium or morphine and used as a cough suppressant and analgesic
testosterone
Anabolic steroids are designed to mimic the body-building traits of _________
hair
Arsenic concentrated in the _______ of the person who was poisoned
case history
Because there are so many possible poisons, the postmortem toxicological examination begins with a _______ of the deceased
vinegar
Drug-sniffing dogs are trained to sniff for ________, which indicates heroin may be present
confirmation
Drugs can be identified by taking an IR spectrum that produces a "fingerprint" spectra that is a _______ test
central nervous system
Drugs that produce dependence act on the ________
morphine
Heroin is made by reacting ________ with acetic anhydride
gastrointestinal contents
If it is suspected that a poison was administered orally, the ________ should be analyzed first
GC-MS
If the NIDA screening test indicates that a drug of abuse is present in the individual's urine, a ________ confirmation test is then performed
crack
If the hydrochloride is removed from cocaine hydrochloride, the free base in produced, which is known on the street as ________
ICP-OES
If the poison is a metal, a ___________ test is used to identify which one
size, shape, solubility
In TLC, compounds are separated by their ________, __________, and _________ in a solvent
slowly
In TLC, the more tightly a compound binds to the stationary silica plate, the more _______ it moves up the thin-layer plate
adulterants, diluents
It is necessary to remove all _______ and _______ from a suspected drug sample before measuring an IR spectrum
per se
Legislation that triggers sanctions at a certain BAC level is called __________ legislation
small intestine
Most of the alcohol a person drinks is absorbed into the bloodstream through the _________
Alkaloids
Organic compounds that normally have basic chemical properties and usually contain at least one nitrogen atom in a ring, occurring in many vascular plants and some fungi. Many alkaloids, such as nicotine, quinine, cocaine, and morphine, are known for their poisonous or medicinal attributes
heart
Postmortem blood from the ________ has been found to contain higher concentrations of drugs that other parts of the body
depressants
Substances that diminish a person's functional activity are called _______
brain, liver, kidneys
The ________, _________, and ________ are organs that should be collected for postmortem toxicological analysis
methamphetamines
The drug that is easily made from pseudoephedrine, which is Sudafed, is ________
mescaline
The hallucinogen that is found in the peyote cactus is _______
implied consent
The laws that require motorists to undergo an alcohol breath test or face the loss of their driver's license are known as __________ laws
confirmations
The mass spectrum of a suspected drug sample is considered a _________ test
quinine
The material most commonly used to dilute heroin is _______
ethyl alcohol
The most widely used abused drug in Western countries is ________
cocaine
The naturally occurring alkaloid that is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant is _______
double
The proof of an alcoholic beverage is equal to ________ the percentage of alcohol in the drink
hashish
The resin found on the flower clusters of marijuana is used to make _______
methadone
The synthetic narcotic that is widely used to treat heroin addiction is __________
confirmation
The test cited by a forensic chemist in court to confirm the identification of a drug sample is known as the __________ test
morphine, codeine
The two most abundant alkaloid drugs that are extracted from the poppy are _______ and _______
1, 2
Under the Controlled Substances Act, a designer drug that is similar to a controlled substance triggers the same penalties are if it were a controlled substance in Schedule ________
1
Under the Controlled Substances Act, drugs that have no recognized medical use are placed in Schedule ________
5
Under the Controlled Substances Act, the lest dangerous controlled substances are placed in Schedule ________
marijuana
_________ is the most commonly used illicit drug in the US
Morphine
a bitter crystalline alkaloid, extracted from opium, that is used in medicine as an analgesic, a light anesthetic, or a sedative
oxidation
a chemical reaction in which oxygen is combined with other substances
anticoagulant
a chemical that inhibits the coagulation of blood
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
a crystalline compound derived from lysergic acid and used as a powerful hallucinogenic drug
fuel cell
a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy through chemical reactions
Depressant
a drug that decreases the rate of vital physiological activities
Hallucinogen
a drug that induces altered sensory experiences
MDMA
a drug that is chemically related to amphetamine and mescaline and is used illicitly for its euphoric and hallucinogenic effects - reduced inhibitions and was formerly used in psychotherapy
Stimulant
a drug that temporarily increases alertness and quickens some vital processes
Barbiturates
a group of barbituric acid derivatives that act as central nervous system depressants and are used as sedatives
Marijuana
a hallucinogen drug made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant
Analgesic
a medicine used to relieve pain
Psychological dependence
a pattern of compulsive drug use caused by continual craving
Screening test
a preliminary test performed to detect illicit drugs
Oxycontin
a prescription painkiller that has become a popular and dangerous recreational drug - time-released and morphine-like
catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed during that reaction
Methadone
a synthetic narcotic drug that is less addictive that morphine or heroin and is used as a substitute in addiction treatment programs
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
a technique for separating components in a mixture
Infrared spectrophotometry
a technique that measures the absorption of infrared radiation by a drug sample at different wavelengths
Confirmation test
a test that identifies the presence of an illegal drug - results can be used as evidence in court proceedings
Immunoassay
a test that makes use of the binding between an antigen and its antibody to identify and quantify the specific antigen or antibody in a sample
Cocaine
a white crystalline alkaloid that is extracted from coca leaves and is widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric and stimulating effects
Heroin
a white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound that is derived from morphine and is a highly addictive narcotic
Narcotic
an addictive drug that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor
Mescaline (Peyote)
an alkaloid drug obtained form mescal buttons and produced hallucinations
Phencyclidine (PCP)
an anesthetic used by veterinarians - an illicit hallucinogen known as "angel dust"
Mass spectrometry
an instrument used to identify chemicals in a substance by their mass and charge
Alcohol
an organic compound that contains an -OH functional group covalently bonded to a carbon atom - general formula is ROH - a CNS depressant
zero tolerance law
any detectable amount of an illicit substance in the blood constitutes a DUID
field sobriety test
assesses the degree of physical impairment of a driver
DUI
driving under the influence of alcohol
DUID
driving under the influence of drugs
Amphetamines
drugs that have a stimulant effect on the central nervous system and can be both physically and psychologically addictive when overused - referred to as "speed"
intoxilyzer
instrument that measures infrared radiation (IR) to determine alcohol in expired breath
per se DUID law
law in which a person is assumed guilty if drug concentration exceeds a defined limit
effect-based law
law which requires evidence of impairment to convict someone of DUID
vitreous humor
liquid inside the eye
Anabolic steroids
molecules that promote the storage of protein and the growth of tissue - sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength
breathalyzer
original device used to measure alcohol in expired breath; replaced in the 1990s by other devices
Synthetic opioids
potent narcotic drugs that are manufactured in a lab
Bulk sample
samples of drugs that are large enough to be weighed
Fentanyl
synthetic opioid with 50-100 times the potency of morphine
Microcrystalline tests
tests used to identify drugs based on the formation of crystals during a chemical reaction - when certain drugs are mixed with testing reagents, they produce colored crystals with specific geometry
excretion
the act or process of discharging waste matter from the blood, tissue, or organs
blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
the amount of alcohol in a person's blood
retention time
the amount of time it takes a compound to be separated via a gas chromatograph
amphetamines
the drug that was introduced as an appetite suppressant for weight loss is ________
metabolites
the metabolic breakdown products of drugs
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
the psychoactive substance present in marijuana
Physical dependence
the situation in which regular use of a drug causes a physiological need for it - leads to withdrawal when stopped
Central nervous system
the vertebrate nervous system, consisting of the brain and the spinal cord
alveoli
tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place