Criminalistics Exam 3

8

A BAC of 0.08% is equivalent to _________ grams of alcohol per 100 mL of blood

National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA)

A U.S. government agency that implements the drug testing program that has become a condition of federal employment

hallucinogen

A ________ is a substance that induces changes in mood, thought, or perception

narcotic

A drug that numbs the senses and places the user in a stupor is a __________

GC-MS

A positive immunoassay test leads to a confirmation test that is usually performed by ________

one

A secondary amine has ________ hydrogen on the nitrogen

bulk

A seized quantity of drugs that is large enough to be weighed is called a ________ sample

depressant

Alcohol acts as a ________ on the central nervous system

ammonia

Amines are derives from _________, NH3

stimulants

Amphetamines are ___________

Codeine

An alkaloid narcotic derived from opium or morphine and used as a cough suppressant and analgesic

testosterone

Anabolic steroids are designed to mimic the body-building traits of _________

hair

Arsenic concentrated in the _______ of the person who was poisoned

case history

Because there are so many possible poisons, the postmortem toxicological examination begins with a _______ of the deceased

vinegar

Drug-sniffing dogs are trained to sniff for ________, which indicates heroin may be present

confirmation

Drugs can be identified by taking an IR spectrum that produces a "fingerprint" spectra that is a _______ test

central nervous system

Drugs that produce dependence act on the ________

morphine

Heroin is made by reacting ________ with acetic anhydride

gastrointestinal contents

If it is suspected that a poison was administered orally, the ________ should be analyzed first

GC-MS

If the NIDA screening test indicates that a drug of abuse is present in the individual's urine, a ________ confirmation test is then performed

crack

If the hydrochloride is removed from cocaine hydrochloride, the free base in produced, which is known on the street as ________

ICP-OES

If the poison is a metal, a ___________ test is used to identify which one

size, shape, solubility

In TLC, compounds are separated by their ________, __________, and _________ in a solvent

slowly

In TLC, the more tightly a compound binds to the stationary silica plate, the more _______ it moves up the thin-layer plate

adulterants, diluents

It is necessary to remove all _______ and _______ from a suspected drug sample before measuring an IR spectrum

per se

Legislation that triggers sanctions at a certain BAC level is called __________ legislation

small intestine

Most of the alcohol a person drinks is absorbed into the bloodstream through the _________

Alkaloids

Organic compounds that normally have basic chemical properties and usually contain at least one nitrogen atom in a ring, occurring in many vascular plants and some fungi. Many alkaloids, such as nicotine, quinine, cocaine, and morphine, are known for their poisonous or medicinal attributes

heart

Postmortem blood from the ________ has been found to contain higher concentrations of drugs that other parts of the body

depressants

Substances that diminish a person's functional activity are called _______

brain, liver, kidneys

The ________, _________, and ________ are organs that should be collected for postmortem toxicological analysis

methamphetamines

The drug that is easily made from pseudoephedrine, which is Sudafed, is ________

mescaline

The hallucinogen that is found in the peyote cactus is _______

implied consent

The laws that require motorists to undergo an alcohol breath test or face the loss of their driver's license are known as __________ laws

confirmations

The mass spectrum of a suspected drug sample is considered a _________ test

quinine

The material most commonly used to dilute heroin is _______

ethyl alcohol

The most widely used abused drug in Western countries is ________

cocaine

The naturally occurring alkaloid that is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant is _______

double

The proof of an alcoholic beverage is equal to ________ the percentage of alcohol in the drink

hashish

The resin found on the flower clusters of marijuana is used to make _______

methadone

The synthetic narcotic that is widely used to treat heroin addiction is __________

confirmation

The test cited by a forensic chemist in court to confirm the identification of a drug sample is known as the __________ test

morphine, codeine

The two most abundant alkaloid drugs that are extracted from the poppy are _______ and _______

1, 2

Under the Controlled Substances Act, a designer drug that is similar to a controlled substance triggers the same penalties are if it were a controlled substance in Schedule ________

1

Under the Controlled Substances Act, drugs that have no recognized medical use are placed in Schedule ________

5

Under the Controlled Substances Act, the lest dangerous controlled substances are placed in Schedule ________

marijuana

_________ is the most commonly used illicit drug in the US

Morphine

a bitter crystalline alkaloid, extracted from opium, that is used in medicine as an analgesic, a light anesthetic, or a sedative

oxidation

a chemical reaction in which oxygen is combined with other substances

anticoagulant

a chemical that inhibits the coagulation of blood

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

a crystalline compound derived from lysergic acid and used as a powerful hallucinogenic drug

fuel cell

a device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy through chemical reactions

Depressant

a drug that decreases the rate of vital physiological activities

Hallucinogen

a drug that induces altered sensory experiences

MDMA

a drug that is chemically related to amphetamine and mescaline and is used illicitly for its euphoric and hallucinogenic effects - reduced inhibitions and was formerly used in psychotherapy

Stimulant

a drug that temporarily increases alertness and quickens some vital processes

Barbiturates

a group of barbituric acid derivatives that act as central nervous system depressants and are used as sedatives

Marijuana

a hallucinogen drug made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant

Analgesic

a medicine used to relieve pain

Psychological dependence

a pattern of compulsive drug use caused by continual craving

Screening test

a preliminary test performed to detect illicit drugs

Oxycontin

a prescription painkiller that has become a popular and dangerous recreational drug - time-released and morphine-like

catalyst

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed during that reaction

Methadone

a synthetic narcotic drug that is less addictive that morphine or heroin and is used as a substitute in addiction treatment programs

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

a technique for separating components in a mixture

Infrared spectrophotometry

a technique that measures the absorption of infrared radiation by a drug sample at different wavelengths

Confirmation test

a test that identifies the presence of an illegal drug - results can be used as evidence in court proceedings

Immunoassay

a test that makes use of the binding between an antigen and its antibody to identify and quantify the specific antigen or antibody in a sample

Cocaine

a white crystalline alkaloid that is extracted from coca leaves and is widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric and stimulating effects

Heroin

a white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound that is derived from morphine and is a highly addictive narcotic

Narcotic

an addictive drug that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor

Mescaline (Peyote)

an alkaloid drug obtained form mescal buttons and produced hallucinations

Phencyclidine (PCP)

an anesthetic used by veterinarians - an illicit hallucinogen known as "angel dust"

Mass spectrometry

an instrument used to identify chemicals in a substance by their mass and charge

Alcohol

an organic compound that contains an -OH functional group covalently bonded to a carbon atom - general formula is ROH - a CNS depressant

zero tolerance law

any detectable amount of an illicit substance in the blood constitutes a DUID

field sobriety test

assesses the degree of physical impairment of a driver

DUI

driving under the influence of alcohol

DUID

driving under the influence of drugs

Amphetamines

drugs that have a stimulant effect on the central nervous system and can be both physically and psychologically addictive when overused - referred to as "speed"

intoxilyzer

instrument that measures infrared radiation (IR) to determine alcohol in expired breath

per se DUID law

law in which a person is assumed guilty if drug concentration exceeds a defined limit

effect-based law

law which requires evidence of impairment to convict someone of DUID

vitreous humor

liquid inside the eye

Anabolic steroids

molecules that promote the storage of protein and the growth of tissue - sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength

breathalyzer

original device used to measure alcohol in expired breath; replaced in the 1990s by other devices

Synthetic opioids

potent narcotic drugs that are manufactured in a lab

Bulk sample

samples of drugs that are large enough to be weighed

Fentanyl

synthetic opioid with 50-100 times the potency of morphine

Microcrystalline tests

tests used to identify drugs based on the formation of crystals during a chemical reaction - when certain drugs are mixed with testing reagents, they produce colored crystals with specific geometry

excretion

the act or process of discharging waste matter from the blood, tissue, or organs

blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

the amount of alcohol in a person's blood

retention time

the amount of time it takes a compound to be separated via a gas chromatograph

amphetamines

the drug that was introduced as an appetite suppressant for weight loss is ________

metabolites

the metabolic breakdown products of drugs

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

the psychoactive substance present in marijuana

Physical dependence

the situation in which regular use of a drug causes a physiological need for it - leads to withdrawal when stopped

Central nervous system

the vertebrate nervous system, consisting of the brain and the spinal cord

alveoli

tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place