CRT 5.4 Module Quiz - STP

During the implementation of Spanning Tree Protocol, all switches are rebooted by the network administrator. What is the first step of the spanning-tree election process? - Each switch determines the best path to forward traffic. - Each switch determines what port to block to prevent a loop from occurring. - All the switches send out BPDUs advertising themselves as the root bridge. - Each switch with a lower root ID than its neighbor will not send BPDUs.

- All the switches send out BPDUs advertising themselves as the root bridge. Topic 5.2.0 - After a Cisco switch boots, it will send out BPDUs containing its individual BID and the root ID for the network. By default, the initial root ID at bootup will be the ID of that individual switch. After a root bridge is elected, port states and paths are chosen.

After the election of the root bridge has been completed, how will switches find the best paths to the root bridge? - Each switch will analyze the BID of all neighbors to reach the root and use the path through the lowest BID neighbors. - Each switch will analyze the port states of all neighbors and use the designated ports to forward traffic to the root. - Each switch will analyze the sum of all port costs to reach the root and use the path with the lowest cost. - Each switch will analyze the sum of the hops to reach the root and use the path with the fewest hops.

- Each switch will analyze the sum of all port costs to reach the root and use the path with the lowest cost. Topic 5.2.0 - After the election of a root bridge has occurred, each switch will have to determine the best path to the root bridge from its location. The path is determined by summing the individual port costs along the path from each switch port to the root bridge.

What value determines the root bridge when all switches connected by trunk links have default STP configurations? - MAC address - extended system ID - bridge priority - VLAN ID

- MAC address Topic 5.2.0 - When all switches are configured with the same default bridge priority, the MAC address becomes the deciding factor for the election of the root bridge. All links on the same VLAN will also have the same extended system ID so this will not contribute to determine which switch is the root for that VLAN.

What is one way to correct a spanning tree failure? - Manually remove redundant links in the switched network. - Insert redundant links to replace the failed STP links. - Replace all instances of STP with RSTP. - Replace the cables on failed STP links.

- Manually remove redundant links in the switched network. Topic 5.3.0 - An action that can be taken when there is a spanning tree failure in a Layer 2 network is to remove all redundant links in the failed segment of the network. This will eliminate the loops in the topology allowing for a normalization of the traffic and CPU loads. The next step would be to investigate the failure of STP on the redundant links and fix these issues prior to restoring these links.

Which is the default STP operation mode on Cisco Catalyst switches? - MST - Rapid PVST+ - MSTP - RSTP - PVST+

- PVST+ Topic 5.3.0 -

Which two statements describe a switch port that is configured with PortFast? (Choose two.) - The switch port immediately transitions from the listening to the forwarding state. - The switch port sends DHCP requests before transitioning to the forwarding state. - The switch port immediately processes any BPDUs before transitioning to the forwarding state. - The switch port immediately transitions from blocking to the forwarding state. - The switch port should never receive BPDUs.

- The switch port immediately transitions from blocking to the forwarding state. - The switch port should never receive BPDUs. Topic 5.3.0 - A port that is configured with PortFast will immediately transition from blocking to the forwarding state. PortFast should only be configured on switch ports that support end devices, so no BPDUs should ever be received through a port that is configured with PortFast. Configuring a port with PortFast supports DHCP because PortFast will speed up the transition from blocking to forwarding. Without PortFast, an end device may begin to issue DHCP requests before the port has transitioned to the forwarding state.

What additional information is contained in the 12-bit extended system ID of a BPDU? - IP address - VLAN ID - MAC address - port ID

- VLAN ID Topic 5.2.0 - The BPDU has three fields; the bridge priority, the extended system ID, and the MAC address. The extended system ID contains 12 bits that identify the VLAN ID.

What is an accurate description of redundancy? - configuring a router with a complete MAC address database to ensure that all frames can be forwarded to the correct destination - designing a network to use multiple paths between switches to ensure there is no single point of failure - configuring a switch with proper security to ensure that all traffic forwarded through an interface is filtered - designing a network to use multiple virtual devices to ensure that all traffic uses the best path through the internetwork

- designing a network to use multiple paths between switches to ensure there is no single point of failure Topic 5.1.0 - Redundancy attempts to remove any single point of failure in a network by using multiple physically cabled paths between switches in the network.

Which three port states are used by Rapid PVST+? (Choose three.) - trunking - listening - blocking - discarding - learning - forwarding

- discarding - learning - forwarding Topic 5.3.0 - The Rapid PVST+ port states are discarding, learning, and forwarding.

Which two concepts relate to a switch port that is intended to have only end devices attached and intended never to be used to connect to another switch? (Choose two.) - PVST+ - extended system ID - bridge ID - edge port - PortFast

- edge port - PortFast Topic 5.3.0 - The RSTP edge port concept corresponds to the PVST+ PortFast feature. An edge port connects to an end station and assumes that the switch port does not connect to another switch. RSTP edge ports should immediately transition to the forwarding state, thereby skipping the time-consuming 802.1D listening and learning port states. PVST+ is the default spanning-tree configuration for a Cisco Catalyst switch. The bridge ID (BID) is used to determine the root bridge on a network and includes the bridge priority, the extended system ID, and the MAC address.

Which port state will switch ports immediately transition to when configured for PortFast? - listening - blocking - forwarding - learning

- forwarding Topic 5.3.0 - PortFast allows a switch port to bypass the listening and learning states and transition immediately to the forwarding state.

When PVST is running over a switched network, which port state can participate in BPDU frame forwarding based on BPDUs received, but does not forward data frames? - listening - disabled - blocking - forwarding

- listening Topic 5.2.0 - Ports in the blocking state are nondesignated ports and do not participate in frame forwarding. Ports in the listening state can participate in BPDU frame forwarding according to received BPDU frames, but do not forward data frames. Ports in the forwarding state forward data frames and send and receive BPDU frames. Ports in the disabled state are administratively disabled.

Which STP port role is adopted by a switch port if there is no other port with a lower cost to the root bridge? - alternate - designated port - root port - disabled port

- root port Topic 5.2.0 - The root port is the port with the lowest cost to reach the root bridge.

An administrator is troubleshooting a switch and wants to verify if it is a root bridge. What command can be used to do this? - show startup-config - show vlan - show spanning-tree - show running-config

- show spanning-tree Topic 5.1.0 - Of all the commands that are listed, only the correct option, show spanning-tree, displays STP root bridge information.