CS 498 Cloud Computing Applications Midterm 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a PaaS? 1 point Microsoft Azure App Service Amazon AWS Lambda Amazon Elastic BeanStalk Google AppEngine

Amazon AWS Lambda - Correct! Lambda is an example of a FaaS

Which of these companies is least involved in providing IaaS? 1 / 1 point Amazon Microsoft Google Apple

Apple

Which of the following are not advantages of VPC 1 point Security Bandwidth Flexibility Data control

Bandwidth

Which is not an advantage of resilient distributed datasets? 1 point Support a wide range of applications Bandwidth is infinite Retain the attractive properties of MapReduce Allow apps to keep working sets in memory for efficient reuse

Bandwidth is infinite

Select all of the solutions provided by Hadoop. 1 point Caching for loop-invariant data Caching for fixpoint evaluation Data parallelism Loop-aware task scheduling

Data parallelism

A commercial off the shelf laptop, disconnected from the internet, has the storage, memory, and computational capacity to process Big Data in a timely manner. 1 / 1 point True False

False - "Correct! Big Data, by definition, cannot be processed in a timely manner by a single standard computer."

Google's cluster architecture uses index servers as frontend load-balancers, and document servers to hold the indexed information. True False

False - Correct! Index servers and document servers are backend workers, and the Google Web server is the frontend.

Which storage technology is the best for the following scenario? "An application that archives 1,000 TB of data for two years for compliance reasons" 1 point Glacier Deep Archive Dropbox AWS S3

Glacier Deep Archive

Which technology is the best suited for the following use case? "Finding the set of words utilized in the Wikipedia website" 1 point HDFS Spark Hadoop YARN

Hadoop

Which approach is more economical for the following scenario? "A long-running business serves 1,000 daily but 1,000,000 during the holiday session." 1 / 1 point Cloud computing Hybrid approach In-house servers

Hybrid approach -Correct! In-house servers are more economical during most normal days, while cloud computing needs to be involved during the holiday.

Which of the follow protocol lies in Application Layer? 1 point IMAP DNS HTTP UDP

IMAP, DNS, HTTP

Which approach is more economical for the following scenario? "An established, mature business serves 10,000 users during business hours (9am-5pm) and 100 users outside of business hours each day." 1 / 1 point In-house servers Cloud computing Hybrid approach

In-house servers - Correct! The servers are regularly and intensively utilized by a large amount of users during (long) business hours.

Which of the following statement about private subsets is true? 1 point Outgoing traffic from a private subnet can access the Internet Incoming traffic from Internet cannot access the private subsets Incoming traffic from Internet can access the private subsets Outgoing traffic from a private subnet cannot access the Internet

Incoming traffic from Internet cannot access the private subsets, Outgoing traffic from a private subnet cannot access the Internet

It is likely that a move towards Internet of Things (IoT) in the near future will 1 / 1 point increase the utility of clouds, because the IoT devices will generate a huge amount of data that will be processed by the cloud decrease the utility of clouds, because IoT brings computational power closer to the user, while cloud computing is far from the user have no effect on clouds, since they are totally unrelated technologies

Increase - Correct! IoT devices generate a huge amout of data but lack the needed processing capability

What is the best model of delivery for the following scenario? "A custom, lighting-fast storage solution for gigantic amount of data" 1 / 1 point Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service

Infrastructure-as-a-Service - Correct! A customized operating system environment is needed in this storage solution.

Which are the benefits of service-oriented architecture (SOA)? 1 point Interaction Reduce costs Scalability Reusable Code

Interaction, Reduce Costs, Scalability, Reusable Code

Which technology will address the following need? "Data representation using a dictionary with key and value" 1 point TXT XML HTML JSON

JSON

Which technology will address the following need? "Human readable representation of data" 1 point RPC REST JSON RMI

JSON

Which of the following about JSON and XML is correct? 1 point JSON has no namespaces while XML has JSON does not have security issue while XML has JSON and XML does not have security issue JSON has namespaces while XML has

JSON has no namespaces while XML has

Apache Spark was created to solve the shortcomings of which technology? 1 point MapReduce Juju Apache Storm YARN

MapReduce

Cloud providers prefer variable jobs that have 1 / 1 point Positive Correlation Negative Correlation

Negative Correlation - Correct! Jobs with negative correlation have a small coefficient of variation, which can lead to higher utilization.

What is the bottleneck of the MapReduce programming model? 1 point Combine phase can't start until Map phase is completely finished Reduce phase can't start until Map phase is completely finished Combine phase can't start until Reduce phase is completely finished Map phase can't start until Reduce phase is completely finished

Reduce phase can't start until Map phase is completely finished

You want to build a word count program. Which of the following pseudo-code is the proper Reduce function for this program? Note that the indenting is not accurate. "Word Count Program: You have a huge text file that consists of many lines. The goal is to count the number of times each distinct word appears in the file." 1 point Reduce(key = line, value = contents): for each word in value: emit intermediate (word, 1) Reduce(key = word, values = uniq_counts): Sum all 1's in values list Emit result (word, sum) Reduce(key, values): for each value in intermediate values: value += 1; emit intermediate(key, values) Reduce(key = line, value = contents): result = 0; for each word in value: result += value; emit(key, result)

Reduce(key = word, values = uniq_counts): Sum all 1's in values list Emit result (word, sum)

Amazon S3 BLOB Storage uses a weak consistency model. 1 point True False

True

Multiplexing demand in a cloud infrastructure leads to higher utilization. 1 / 1 point True False

True

Software as a Service, typically provides load balancing automatically for you. 1 point True False

True

Which is one of the differences between Physical Ethernet Network and VPC network? 1 point Both of them intercept ARP request Physical Ethernet Network does not use ARP while VPC network implements ARP VPC network does not use ARP while Physical Ethernet Network implements ARP

VPC network does not use ARP while Physical Ethernet Network implements ARP

UDP is best suited for which of the following tasks? 1 point Reliablely transmiting a medium-sized file over a congested link Voice over IP (VoIP) Encrypted communications Communication between computers on the same rack in a data center

Voice over IP (VoIP)

Which technology will address the following need? "Data representation for (un)marshalling on different machines and programming languages" 1 point XML MBaaS RMI REST

XML

Which of the following is main formats of data representation? 1 point XML JSON HTTP

XML, JSON

Which technology is the best suited for the following use case? "Assigning resources to a highly parallel application" 1 point YARN Spark Hadoop HDFS

YARN

What is YARN? 1 point Yet Another Resource Negotiator Your Adept Resource Negotiator Your Applicable Resource Negotiator Your Adept Reason Negotiator

Yet Another Resource Negotiator

Which of the following is not a transport method? 1 point fetch write read flush

fetch

WebSockets 1 point requires the users to "poll" to receive data have longer latency than RESTful approaches have three phases: opening handshake, data transfer, closing handshake are built on top of UDP to minimize latency

have three phases: opening handshake, data transfer, closing handshake

When compared to Amazon EBS PIOPS, Amazon EFS (Elastic File Store) 1 point generally has lower per-operation latency is well suited for NoSQL databases generally has lower throughput is stored across multiple availability zones (AZs) rather than one

is stored across multiple availability zones (AZs) rather than one

Select all of the transformations which create an RDD. 1 point extract join groupBy filter map

join, groupBy, filter, map

Choose all that apply: Which are examples of clustered file systems? 1 point Ceph NFS SMB

All of the aboce

Select all of which are properties of HDFS: 1 point Throughput scales with attached HDs Massive throughput Synergistic with Hadoop Optimized for reads, sequential writes, and appends

All of the above

Given the CIDR of IP4, 10.10.1.16/29, which of the following IP4 is out of range? 1 point 00001010.00001010.00000001.00010010 00001010.00001010.00000001.00011000 00001010.00001010.00000001.00010001 00001010.00001010.00000001.00010110

00001010.00001010.00000001.00011000 - Correct. This is because it ranges from the last three bits 000 to 1111

The primary reason most commonly-used load-balancing algorithms are relatively simple is 1 point Because an exhaustive theoretical analysis of the algorithms has determined that complex load balancing algorithms all have exponential runtimes To save the developer time writing and maintaining code, since load-balancing isn't very important Because load balancers must make quick decisions, empirically more complex algorithms are likely to be slower than simpler algorithms Tradition. There are well-known complex load balancing algorithms that work better than simple algorithms (like round-robin) in almost all situtations.

Because load balancers must make quick decisions, empirically more complex algorithms are likely to be slower than simpler algorithms

Which technology will address the following need? "Send requests to a remote object" 1 point CORBA XML SSH Juju

CORBA

Which approach is more economical for the following scenario? "A long-running business needs 10,000 computers for one-time data processing." 1 / 1 point Cloud computing In-house servers Hybrid approach

Cloud computing - Correct! Purchasing 10,000 computers is too expensive for one-time data processing.

Which approach is the most sensible for the following scenario? "A new startup needs to quickly scale their infrastructure to serve 1,000,000 customers, or risk losing market share to their competitors." 1 / 1 point Cloud computing In-house servers Hybrid approach

Cloud computing - Correct. Setting up the infrastructure to serve 1,000,000 customers is time-consuming. Cloud computing should allow the startup to start serving customers much more quickly, beating their competitors to the market.

Which of these frameworks is not built on Spark? 1 point GraphX SparkSQL Mllib D-Streams

D-Streams

Amazon DynamoDB is an example of a 1 point Distributed NOSQL key/value storage service Centralized Big-Data blob storage Cloud-optimized SQL database Function as a Service (FaaS) dynamic container offerin

Distributed NOSQL key/value storage service

Which storage technology is the best for the following scenario? "Sync files on a few personal devices" 1 point Swift AWS Glacier AWS S3 Dropbox

Dropbox

Which of the following state the purpose of Apache Spark? 1 point Enhance programmability Add concurrency to the MapReduce model Extend the MapReduce model to better support two common classes of analytic applications Eliminate locking found in the MapReduce model

Enhance programmability, Extend the MapReduce model to better support two common classes of analytic applications

Which is NOT one of the three layers of a file system? 1 point Physical file system Ephemeral file system Logical file system Virtual file system

Ephemeral file system

Apache Spark cannot read from any Hadoop input. 1 point False True

False

Cloud services need to be cheaper (e.g. through economies of scale) to be economical compared to in-house servers. 1 / 1 point True False

False - Correct! Cloud services do not need to be cheaper to be economical, as long as the utility premium is less than the ratio between peak demand and average demand.

Amazon S3 BLOB Storage's consistency model guarantees that once an object is deleted by a process it cannot be read by any other process. 1 point True False

False - Correct! Once an object is deleted, it may take some time before all of the replicated copies of the object are deleted. Other processes may still read those replicated copies before they are all deleted.

Experiments have shown that AWS Instance Stores perform at least an order of magnitude or more better than AWS Elastic Block Stores in throughput tests in comparable settings. 1 point True False

False - Even though AWS Instance Stores can handle higher throughput because they are located on disks that are physically attached to the host computer, experiments show that their edge over EBS in throughput tests is not orders of magnitude, a testament to the efficiency of NVM over Fiber technologies and data center networking designs.

Ceph achieves high performance in part by storing data and its accompanying metadata in the same server for faster access. True False

False - In Ceph, the data and metadata are decoupled.Ceph improves performance by:* limiting interaction between clients and servers* leveling metadata load* offloading decision making to the many data servers

Internet-level Personal Filesystems (like Dropbox) have strict access pattern limits, ensuring that they make a profit on each customer. True False

False - This market segment does not accept access pattern limits, so cloud providers use statistics to extract average access patterns and set pricing. On average, they make a profit but may lose money on some users with high access patterns.

AWS Lambda is a good technology to use when you have a function that will take several days to run. 1 point True, AWS Lambda is optimized for long-running jobs False, AWS Lambda functions are not allowed to run for more than a few minutes

False, AWS Lambda functions are not allowed to run for more than a few minutes

NIST developed an official standard for REST, because it recognized the importance of interoperability in cloud environments. 1 point True, and the success of the standard directly led to the recent explosive growth of the cloud industry False, NIST is opposed to the goal of interoperability False, there is no "official standard" True, although IBM later developed their own competing standard

False, there is no "official standard"

Which of the following HTTP verbs are used in REST APIs? 1 point GET DELETE APPEND POST

GET, DELETE, POST

Which of these is an example of Software as a Service (SaaS) 1 / 1 point Juju Google AppEngine VMWare vCloud GMail

GMail - Correct! GMail is a specific cloud application.

A social media company wants to use DynamoDB for storing posts of users. Which secondary indexing method should it use? 1 point LSI GSI

GSI - It is tolerable if the tweets of a user show up one client and does not show up on another client immediately. GSI follows Eventual consistency model and ensures that the view of the clients will be the same eventually. GSI also does not constrain table size and hence can be used to store a large number of tweets.

Which of the following RPC frames is created by Google to deal with communication in big data deployment? JVM Apache Thrift Google Protocol Buffer

Google Protocol Buffer

Which approach is feasible for the following scenario with the minimum efforts? "ACME company needs to be able to change the cloud provider frequently." 0 / 1 point Packaged software Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service

Infrastructure-as-a-Service - Correct! They need the minimum dependency on cloud platform to enable frequent switching.

Which approach is feasible for the following scenario with the minimum efforts? "ACME company needs to deploy a system with a modified OS." 1 / 1 point Packaged software Platform-as-a-Service Infrastructure-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service

Infrastructure-as-a-Service - Correct! They need to deploy the customized OS system

For VPC, how to select the optimum route for network traffic? 1 point Shortest prefix match Any prefix match Longest prefix match

Longest prefix match

Which technology will address the following need? "Provides a way for mobile web applications to link to backend storage" 0 / 1 point JSON MBaaS XML REST

MBaaS - Correct! MBaaS allow the common services to be shared among apps without too much custimization.

Which is the function of VPC peering? 1 point Make communication between VPCs whether these two VPCs belong to the same account or different accounts. Only make communication between VPCs for different accounts Make communication between VPCs within the same account.

Make communication between VPCs whether these two VPCs belong to the same account or different accounts.

You want to build a word count program. Which of the following pseudo-code is the proper Map function for this program? Note that the indenting is not accurate. "Word Count Program: You have a huge text file that consists of many lines. The goal is to count the number of times each distinct word appears in the file." 1 point Map(key = line, values = uniq_counts): Sum all 1's in values list Emit result (word, sum) Map(key, values): for each value in intermediate values: value += 1; emit intermediate(key, values) Map(key = line, value = contents): for each word in value: emit intermediate (word, 1) Map(key = line, value = contents): result = 0; for each word in value: result += value; emit(key, result)

Map(key = line, value = contents): for each word in value: emit intermediate (word, 1)

You want to build an image smoother program. Which of the following is the proper Map function for this program? Note that the indenting is not accurate. "Image Smoother Program: To smooth an image, use a sliding mask and replace the value of each pixel." 1 point Map(key = x,y value = list of R,G,B) compute average of R,G,B emit intermediate(key, average R,G,B) Map(key = x,y, value = R,G,B) emit intermediate(key, value)

Map(key = x,y, value = R,G,B) emit intermediate(key, value)

Which of these is not considered serverless computing? 1 point Platform as a Service (PaaS) Function as a Service (FaaS) Metal as a Service (MaaS)

Metal as a Service (MaaS) - Correct! MaaS requires its users to run services on bare metal i.e., configure the server yourself and hence is not serverless.

Choose all that apply: Which of these are Internet-Level Personal Filesystems? 1 point Redis Microsoft OneDrive Glacier Dropbox Apple iCloud Drive

Microsoft OneDrive, Dropbox, Apple iCloud Drive

Which of the following technology can help private subnet access the Internet? 1 point CIDR Internet Gateway NAT

NAT

A company determines that the most economical decision is to use in-house servers. Over time the company's peak demand for computing resources decreases sharply, while its average demand remains steady. Should the company consider switching from in-house servers to a cloud approach? 1 / 1 point Yes No

No - "Correct! Cloud computing only makes economic sense when the Utility Premium is less than the ratio of Peak demand to Average demand. If Peak demand falls while Average demand remains steady, cloud computing becomes less economically attractive than before."

What three phrases does WebSocket have? 1 point Opening SSH, Sending message, Closing SSH Opening handshake, Data transfer, Closing Handshake Opening handshake, Sending message, Closing Handshake

Opening handshake, Data transfer, Closing Handshake

Which *aaS is best described by "The unit of compute is a full app"? 1 point PaaS MaaS IaaS FaaS

PaaS - Correct! PaaS enables customers to develop, run, and manage business applications without the need to build and maintain the infrastructure.It enables consumers to create custom applications that run computation with ease.

Which feature of Spark Scheduler avoids extra shuffles? 1 point Cache-aware work reuse and locality Dryad-like DAG Pipelining functions within a stage Partitioning-aware

Partitioning-aware

What is the best model of delivery for the following scenario? "A web hosting solution for PHP web applications" Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service

Platform-as-a-Service - Correct! To provide web hosting solution, we allow users to run different web applications, but they don't need to develop their own operating system environemnt.

Which technology will address the following need? "Create, Update, Read, and Remove objects over the web" 1 point JSON XML REST RMI

REST

You want to build an image smoother program. Which of the following is the proper Reduce function for this program? Note that the indenting is not accurate. "Image Smoother Program: To smooth an image, use a sliding mask and replace the value of each pixel." 1 point Reduce(key = x,y value = list of R,G,B) compute average of R,G,B emit (key, average R,G,B) Reduce(key = x,y, value = R,G,B) emit (key, value)

Reduce(key = x,y value = list of R,G,B) compute average of R,G,B emit (key, average R,G,B)

Which of the following is not an event type of WebSocket? 1 point Open Message Resend Error

Resend

What evolved as the successor to XML-RPC? 1 point JSON REST SOAP HTTP/2 Push

SOAP

Applications are managed for you when using 1 / 1 point Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Metal as a Service (MaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS - Correct! Only SaaS provide application-level management.

Which approach is feasible for the following scenario with the minimum efforts? "ACME company needs to provide a widely used application for its marketing team." Infrastructure-as-a-Service Packaged software Platform-as-a-Service Software-as-a-Service

Software-as-a-Service - Correct! They only provide a specific application

What is the best model of delivery for the following scenario? "An Electronic Health Record system for clinics and doctors" Software-as-a-Service Infrastructure-as-a-Service Platform-as-a-Service

Software-as-a-Service - Electronic Headlth Record system is a concrete cloud application.

Which technology is the best suited for the following use case? "Exploring a new large dataset" 1 point YARN HDFS Hadoop Spark

Spark

Which technology is the best suited for the following use case? "Training a machine learning model on a large dataset with several iterations" 1 point HDFS YARN Spark HADOOP

Spark

Which layer does WebSocket runs on top of? 1 point TCP UPD IP

TCP

Which of the follow protocol lies in Transport Layer? 1 point TCP HTTP UDP

TCP, UDP

BLOB stands for "Binary Large OBjects" 1 point True False

True

In the context of cloud computing, multi-tenancy means 1 / 1 point many users may share the same physical computer and database many computers may share the same rack many cloud providers may share the same data center many data centers may share the same electric plant

many users may share the same physical computer and database - Correct! Multi-tenancy refers to multiple users on the same platform or device.

Once you upload your code, AWS Lambda does NOT automatically handle 1 point autoscaling permanently saving state fault tolerance capacity provisioning

permanently saving state

Amazon S3 BLOB Storage aims to provide high availability primarily by 1 point using proprietary, expensive, high quality storage hardware that rarely fails only offering the service to users with predictable, regular workloads to limit congestion relying on subcontractors to provide excess capacity replicating the data to multiple machines

replicating the data to multiple machines

Check all that apply: AWS Instance Store is 1 point well-suited for caching located on disks that are physically separated from the host computer well-suited for temporary logs located on disks that are physically attached to the host computer well-suited for long-term persistent storage

well-suited for temporary logs, located on disks that are physically attached to the host computer, well-suited for caching