Zoology - Radiate Animals (Test 1)

What are the stinging cells of cnidarians called?

cnidocytes

Cnidarians have a ____ life cycle.

dimorphic

Are medusae of the cnidarians monoecious or dioecious?

dioecious

Are members of Scyphozoa monoecious or dioecious?

dioecious

Are the cnidarians and ctenophores diploblastic or triploblastic?

diploblastic

The mouth of the medusa stage is directed ___ and ___ may extend form the rim of the umbrella.

downward tentacles

In a hydra, the mouth opens into the ___.

gastrovascular cavity

What is the internal body cavity of the radiate animals called?

gastrovascular cavity

In cnidarians, once the food is passed into the mouth, it goes to the _____ where it begins ____.

gastrovascular cavity extracellular digestion

The ____ cell produces enzymes for digestion.

gland

Modified for reproduction in a colonial polyp

gonotheca

What unique ability do ctenophorans have?

regeneration

In the polyp phase, where does the mouth lead to?

the gastrovascular cavity

What is an example of a hydroid colony?

Cliona

When food is broken down into useable components outside cells in the digestive cavity

Extracellular digestion

Reproductive polyp of a hydroid colony

Gonangium

In hydrozoan floating colonies, sacs containing ovaries or testes

Gonophores

What cnidarian is a freshwater solitary polyp?

Hydra

Organ of balance and equilibrium

Statocyst

Are members of class Hydrozoa colonial, solitary or some of both?

both

What do the enzymes secreted for cellular digestion do?

break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

What is the method of asexual reproduction of cnidarians?

budding of the polyp

Many members have ____ ____ for body support.

calcareous skeleton

What sensitize the cnidocytes?

Small organic molecules and vibrations

Corals supplement their nutrition with ___ collected from ____ ____.

carbon algal symbionts

What purpose does the mesoglea serve?

cells send processes into it (gelatinous) helps to support the body noncellular

What are the two phyla that are in the radiate animals group?

cnidaria ctenophora

Are members of phylum ctenophora solitary, colonial, or some of both?

solitary

Are members of class Anthozoa solitary, colonial, or some of both?

some of both

Are members of class Hydrozoa marine, freshwater, or some of both?

some of both

Members of phylum Ctenophora are ____ or ____ in shape.

spherical elipsoidal

What is the only sensory organ that ctenophorans have?

statocysts

Segmentation where segments break off to form new medusa

strobilization

In Scyphozoans, the Scyphistoma undergoes ___ to make buds which...

strobilization break loose to form jellyfish medusae

Food of cnidarians is captured by ___ which pass it to the mouth.

tentacles

Symmetry in which body parts are arranged in fours

tetramerous symmetry

The mesoglea of cnidarians lies between...

the epidermis and the gastrodermis

Members of phylum Ctenophora have adhesive ___ that are used for feeding.

Colloblasts

Reef that is near the land with no lagoon or very narrow lagoon

Fringing Reef

Lid that covers the end of the nematocyst

Operculum

Why is extracellular digestion advantageous?

it allows the organism to digest larger particles

What happens when the planula larva of a cnidarian settles?

it metamorphoses into a polyp

What kind of nervous system do ctenophorans have?

nerve net

What is the nervous system of a cnidarian composed of?

nerve net that may include some sensory organs

Do ctenophorans exhibit polymorphism?

no

Do members of phylum Ctenophora have nematocysts?

no

What kind of circulatory system do cnidarians have?

none

What kind of excretory system do cnidarians have?

none

What cells break down food both mechanically and chemically by crushing it and secreting enzymes

nutritive-muscular cells

_____ and _____ are all polyps with no medusa stage.

sea anemones and corals

The gastrovascular cavity of Anthozoans is partitioned by ___ or ____.

septa mesenteries

Reproduction in most medusae is ____.

sexual

What happens to the individual polyps if they are a part of a colony?

they become specialized for feeding, reproduction or defense

What level of organization do the cnidarians and ctenophores have?

tissue level (though they do have some organs)

Describe the body plan of the polyp phase.

tubular body directed upward and surrounded by tentacles

In class Hydrozoa, the medusae possess a ____.

velum

In a hydra, a ring of ____ encircles the mouth.

6 to 10 tentacles

What do members of phylum Ctenophora use for swimming?

8 rows of comb plates

Alternating between a polyp and medusa life stage or also alternating between sexual and asexual means of reproduction.

Alternation of generations

Reef that encircles a lagoon and has a steep bank on the seaward slope

Atoll

Reef that is parallel to the shore with a wide and deep lagoon

Barrier Reef

In hydrozoan floating colonies, fishing tentacles that sting prey and leave them to feeding polyps

Dactylozooids

What are the three types of polyp individuals found in a hydrozoan floating colonies?

Dactylozooids Gonophores Pneumatophore

What is the dominant form of members of class Scyphozoa?

Medusa

What is an example of a colonial polyp?

Obelia

Reef that is some distance back from any steep slopes

Patch (or bank) reef

In hydrozoan floating colonies, floating parts that are thought to have expanded from the original larval polyp

Pneumatophore

In Scyphozoans, the planula larva becomes attached and develops into the ____.

Scyphistoma

In class hydrozoa, the shelf-like membrane that extends inward from the edge of the umbrella

Velum

The polyp phase of cnidarian life is adapted for..

a sedentary life

Are cnidarians coelomates or acoelomates?

acoelomates

Are members of class Anthozoa marine, freshwater, or some members of each?

all marine

Are members of class Scyphozoa marine, freshwater, or some of both?

all marine

Are members of phylum Ctenophora freshwater, marine, or some of both?

all marine

The mesoglea of the Anthozoans contains..

amoeboid cells

Inside of the thread of a nematocyst there may be ___ or ____.

barbs or spines

Do members of phylum Ctenophora have a complete or incomplete digestive tract?

complete

What is another term used for the comb plates of the Ctenophorans?

ctenes

What are the two layers that compose a cnidarian?

epidermis and gastrodermis

In some cnidarians the epidermis contains certain types of special cells. What are they? (5)

epitheliomuscular, interstitial, gland, sensory, and nerve cells

What cells accomplish cellular digestion?

gastrodermal cells

In cnidarians, where does intracellular digestion take place?

gastrodermis

Feeding polyps with long tentacles of a hydroid colony

hydranths

Stalks attached to the hydrorhiza of a hydroid colony

hydrocauli

Root like stolon of a hydroid colony

hydrorhiza

Modified for eating in a colonial polyp

hydrotheca

Are members of class Scyphozoa solitary or colonial?

solitary

Do cnidarians have a complete or incomplete digestive system?

incomplete

What kind of muscle fibers do cnidarians have?

longitudinal and circular

Dominate life form of jellyfish

medusa (though some have a polypoid form at the same time)

Class Hydrozoa has sexual ___ and asexual ___.

medusae polyps

Inward extensions of the body wall

mesenteries

Medusa has a much thicker ___ than do polyps.

mesoglea

What noncellular layer do some cnidarians have in between the epidermis and gastrodermis?

mesoglea

____ lies between the epidermis and the gastrodermis of a cnidarian.

mesoglea

Are ctenophorans monoecious or diocious? Do they reproduce sexually or asexually?

monoecious sexually

Are cnidarians monoecious or dioecious?

most are dioecious

Are cnidarians freshwater or marine?

mostly marine

Cnidocytes produce organelles called ____.

nematocysts

Tiny capsules made of chitin-like material with a coiled filament

nematocysts

What do the stinging cells of cnidarians contain and what is their function?

nematocysts that shoot out to sting prey

Where is the mouth of the Hydra?

on a conical elevation called the hypostome

What does the body wall consist of in a cnidarian?

outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis separated by mesoglea

What is the bottom of a polyp that is attached to a substrate called?

pedal disk

The Scyphozoa zygote develop into a ciliated ____ larva.

planula

In cnidarians, what does the zygote develop into?

planula larva

What are the two phases of life for the cnidarians?

polyp and medusa

Do members of class Anthozoa have the polyp stage only, medusa stage only, or both stages in their life cycle?

polyp stage only

What type of symmetry do members of phylum Ctenophora have?

radial

What type of symmetry do the cnidarians and ctenophores have?

radial

Do the medusa reproduce sexually or asexually?

sexually

What do hydras feed on?

small crustaceans insect larvae worms

The medusa form is ___ shaped and is ___ ____.

umbrella or bell free swimming

What is the method of sexual reproduction for cnidarians?

using gametes produced by the medusa