module exam 4

Antimicrobial compounds that causes inhibition of bacterial growth contain the suffix: -mycotic -static -cidal -biotic

-static

(3 pts) Given that both humans and pathogenic bacteria synthesize proteins at ribosomal sites, how can antimicrobial agents that targets this process be safe for use in humans? (Critical thinking question.)

Antimicrobial agents can prevent synthesis of proteins, nuclei acids, cell wall, or cytoplasmic membrane. The antimicrobial agent can change the native site of the protein which will denature the protein.

material that causes birth defects

teratogen

medicinal substance dissolved in an alcoholic solvent

tincture

Antimicrobial drugs that disrupt cytoplasmic membranes often form a channel throught the membrane, damaging the membrane's integrity. True False

true

Probiotics are preparations of live microbes used as a preventive or therapeutic measure to displace or compete with potential pathogens. True False

true

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a physical method of control of microorganisms. using a filter to remove microbes flaming the loop for transfer of bacteria drying fruits such as apricots or grapes using chlorine to treat drinking water boiling water

using chlorine to treat drinking water

An animal that transmits disease from one host to another : nosocomial iatrogenic vector airborne

vector

The area that shows no bacterial growth around an antimicrobial agent in the disk-diffusion test : minimum inhibitory concentration zone of inhibition minimum bactericidal concentration clearing

zone of inhibition

infectious disease indigenous to animals that humans can acquire

zoonosis

any process or disease that persists over a long duration

chronic

easily transmissible by direct contact with infected people and their fresh secretions or excretions

contagious

physically remove surface oils, debris, and soil from skin to reduce the microbial load

degerming

any deviation from health, as when the effects of microbial infection damage or disrupt tissues and organs

disease

The destruction of pathogenic nonsporulating microbes or their toxins, usually on inanimate surfaces is called: sanitization degerming asepsis pasteurization disinfection

disinfection

A native disease that prevails continuously in a geographic region is pandemic epidemic endemic epidemiology

endemic

A sudden and simultaneous outbreak or increase in the number of cases of disease in a community is an endemic pandemic epidemiology epidemic

epidemic

The study of the factors affecting the prevalence and spread of disease within a community is epidemiology pandemic endemic epidemic

epidemiology

The study of the causation of disease is called: symptomology causalism epidemiology etiology

etiology

Microorganisms that colonize the surface of the human body without normally causing disease: resident microbiota transient microbiota opportunistic pathogens microbial competition

resident microbiota

the process of disinfecting surfaces and utensils used by the public

sanitization

drugs that after being naturally produced by bacteria, fungi, or other living sources, are chemically modified in the laboratory

semi-synthetic

any abnormality uncovered upon physical diagnosis that indicates the presence of disease; an objective assessment of disease

signs

A surface-active agent that forms a water-soluble interface

surfactant

subjective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient

symptoms

The collection of signs and symptoms that, taken together, paint a portrait of the disease is a : symptom pathogen syndrome disease

syndrome

The action of two or more drugs or microbes that results in a heightened response or greater activity is : antagonism synergism enhancement additive effects

synergism

A chemotherapeutic agent manufactured entirely through chemical processes in the laboratory is : recombinant synthetic conjugated semi-synthetic

synthetic

Antiviral drugs are broad spectrum that also work on certain digestive system parasites. True False

False

Chemotherapy does not include the use of antibiotics as prophylactics against pathogens. True False

False

Endotoxin is composed of a phospholipid-polysaccharide complex that is an integral part of gram-positive bacterial cell walls. True False

False

Filtration involves using materials that have small openings that do not allow the passage of microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria, but can only be used on liquids. True False

False

The thermal death time is the lowest temperature required to kill all cells of a culture in a given quantity of broth culture upon a 10-minute exposure. True False

False

All chemicals, including antibiotics are potentially toxic to the host that they are being administered, with dosage and duration being very important factors. True False

True

Penicillin is a beta-lactam type material that works on cell wall synthesis of Gram positive bacteria True False

True

chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts

antibiotic

growth-inhibiting agent used on tissues to prevent infection

antisepsis

condition free of viable pathogenic microorganisms

aspetic

The process of heating under steam pressure, in order to kill microorganisms : hyperthermophilopothy sterilization pasteurization autoclaving boiling

autoclaving

A subset of infections that are the direct result of a medical procedure or treatment, such as surgery iatrogenic infection endemic infection latent infection nosocomial infection

iatrogenic infection

In epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease occurring during a period is the : morbidity rate incidence sequelae prevalence

incidence

Forms of radiant energy consisting of short-wave electromagnetic rays or high-speed electrons that cause dislodgment of electrons on target molecules and create ions are called: 400-700 nm radiation ionizing radiation long wave length radiation non-ionizing radiation lyophilization

ionizing radiation

A group of related chemicals, called halogens, with antimicrobial applications often used in disinfectants and antiseptics do not include which of the following ? chlorine iodine lead bromine

lead

method for preserving materials by freezing and then drying them directly from the frozen state

lypophilization

Drugs that are selective and limited in their effects are called: specificity finite narrow spectrum broad spectrum

narrow spectrum

An infection not present upon admission to a hospital but incurred while being treated there is a nosocomial infection dermatomycosis communicable infection infectious disease

nosocomial infection

The occurrence of a disease, at a greater than normal frequency on more than one continent simultaneously : pandemic epidemic epidemiology endemic

pandemic

Heat treatment of perishable fluids to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells, followed by rapid chilling to inhibit growth of survivors and germination of spores is: boiling autoclaving pasteurization hyperthermophilopothy sterilization

pasteurization

any agent that causes disease

pathogen