CSC 1100 Chapter 4

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PCI bus, PCI express bus, accelerated graphics port, USB and firewire bus, and PC Card bus

Common types of expansion buses include:

Address

Each location in memory has an _____

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)

3 Basic types of RAM chips:

Multi-core Processor Dual-core Processor Quad-core Processor

3 Different Types of Processors

drive bay

A ____ typically holds disk drives

bay

A _____ is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment

bus

A ______ allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other (data bus, address bus)

Port Replicator

A ______ is an external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports built into the device

port jack

A ______ is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a ____)

connector

A ______ joins a cable to a port

smart phone IrDA port

A ______ might communicate with a notebook computer using an _____ port

Docking Station

A _______ is an external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device

Bluetooth

A _______ wireless port adapter converts a USB port into a _____ port

USB Port

A ________ can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector

PROM (programmable read-only memory)

A _________ chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently (EEPROM can be erased)

Chip

A computer ____ contains integrated circuits

burn up

A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to ______.

nanoseconds

Access time is measured in _____

Adapter

An ________ enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals.

expansion slot

An ______is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The ____ performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

power supply

The _____ converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

Control Unit

The _____ is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.

system clock

The ______ controls the timing of all computer operations

Binary System

The ______ uses two unique digits (0 and 1)

Motherboard

The _________ is the main circuit board system unit

The types of software you plan to use

The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on _____

Drive bay(s), power supply, sound card, video card, processor, memory

The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:

Intel and AMD

The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are _____ and ____

clock speed gigahertz (GHz)

The pace of the system clock is called the _______, and is measured in _______.

temporarily

The processor contains registers, that _______ hold data and instructions

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The processor, also called the ________, interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. It contains a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Volatile memory, and nonvolatile

The system unit contains two types of memory:

Kilobytes (KB or K) Megabytes (MB) Gigabytes (GB) Terabytes (TB)

Memory size is measured in ______

The operating system and other system software, application programs, data being processed and the resulting information

Memory stores 3 basic categories of items:

digital

Most computers are _______

Pipelining

Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction

Heat sinks, Liquid cooling technology

Processor's require additional cooling:

memory module

RAM chips usually reside on a ______ and are inserted into memory slots.

Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC Cards/ExpressCard modules

Removable flash memory includes:

AC adapter

Some external peripherals have an ___, which is an external power supply

Non-volatile Memory

does not lose contents when power is removed, examples include: ROM, flash memory, and CMOS

System Unit

is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

Volatile Memory

loses its contents when power is turned off, example includes: RAM

Read-only memory (ROM)

refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions (firmware)

bits and bytes

the binary digits

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

the most widely used coding scheme to represent data

Sound card and video card

Examples of adapter cards:

buses

Expansion slots connect to expansion ____

4

For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of ____ basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle.

Pipelining

Most current personal computers support _______

back, front, and/or sides

On a notebook computer the ports are on the:

firewire port, bluetooth port, SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port, Serial port, MIDI port

Other types of ports:

Plug and Play

With _________, the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them.

hub

You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a USB ____

Memory

_____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data

Word Size

_____ is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

Digital

_____ signals are in one of two states: on or off

Flash Memory

______ can be erased electronically and rewritten

Access time

______ is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory

Analog

______ signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality

Memory cache

______ speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

Massively

_______ parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors

Parallel

________ processing uses multiple processor simultaneously to execute a single program or task

CMOS

________ technology provides high speeds and consumes little power


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