CSC 1100 Chapter 4
PCI bus, PCI express bus, accelerated graphics port, USB and firewire bus, and PC Card bus
Common types of expansion buses include:
Address
Each location in memory has an _____
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
3 Basic types of RAM chips:
Multi-core Processor Dual-core Processor Quad-core Processor
3 Different Types of Processors
drive bay
A ____ typically holds disk drives
bay
A _____ is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment
bus
A ______ allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other (data bus, address bus)
Port Replicator
A ______ is an external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports built into the device
port jack
A ______ is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a ____)
connector
A ______ joins a cable to a port
smart phone IrDA port
A ______ might communicate with a notebook computer using an _____ port
Docking Station
A _______ is an external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device
Bluetooth
A _______ wireless port adapter converts a USB port into a _____ port
USB Port
A ________ can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector
PROM (programmable read-only memory)
A _________ chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently (EEPROM can be erased)
Chip
A computer ____ contains integrated circuits
burn up
A processor chip generates heat that could cause the chip to ______.
nanoseconds
Access time is measured in _____
Adapter
An ________ enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals.
expansion slot
An ______is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The ____ performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.
power supply
The _____ converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power
Control Unit
The _____ is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.
system clock
The ______ controls the timing of all computer operations
Binary System
The ______ uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
Motherboard
The _________ is the main circuit board system unit
The types of software you plan to use
The amount of RAM necessary in a computer often depends on _____
Drive bay(s), power supply, sound card, video card, processor, memory
The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:
Intel and AMD
The leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are _____ and ____
clock speed gigahertz (GHz)
The pace of the system clock is called the _______, and is measured in _______.
temporarily
The processor contains registers, that _______ hold data and instructions
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The processor, also called the ________, interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. It contains a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Volatile memory, and nonvolatile
The system unit contains two types of memory:
Kilobytes (KB or K) Megabytes (MB) Gigabytes (GB) Terabytes (TB)
Memory size is measured in ______
The operating system and other system software, application programs, data being processed and the resulting information
Memory stores 3 basic categories of items:
digital
Most computers are _______
Pipelining
Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction
Heat sinks, Liquid cooling technology
Processor's require additional cooling:
memory module
RAM chips usually reside on a ______ and are inserted into memory slots.
Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC Cards/ExpressCard modules
Removable flash memory includes:
AC adapter
Some external peripherals have an ___, which is an external power supply
Non-volatile Memory
does not lose contents when power is removed, examples include: ROM, flash memory, and CMOS
System Unit
is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data
Volatile Memory
loses its contents when power is turned off, example includes: RAM
Read-only memory (ROM)
refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions (firmware)
bits and bytes
the binary digits
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
the most widely used coding scheme to represent data
Sound card and video card
Examples of adapter cards:
buses
Expansion slots connect to expansion ____
4
For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of ____ basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle.
Pipelining
Most current personal computers support _______
back, front, and/or sides
On a notebook computer the ports are on the:
firewire port, bluetooth port, SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port, Serial port, MIDI port
Other types of ports:
Plug and Play
With _________, the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them.
hub
You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a USB ____
Memory
_____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data
Word Size
_____ is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time
Digital
_____ signals are in one of two states: on or off
Flash Memory
______ can be erased electronically and rewritten
Access time
______ is the amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory
Analog
______ signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality
Memory cache
______ speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Massively
_______ parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of processors
Parallel
________ processing uses multiple processor simultaneously to execute a single program or task
CMOS
________ technology provides high speeds and consumes little power
