CSE 3231 - Cline - Quiz Answers
A project's required funding is less if __________ Partial products are released periodically to subsidize the remainder of the project The project team is more highly skilled and can shorten the time of the project The project is worked part-time, even if it takes longer It is a compliance project that has no ROI
a
A use case's pre-condition is The state that must be true for the use case to be applicable The state that must be true before and after the use case executes The state that must be true after the use case executes The same as the actor's initial trigger of the use case
a
In his article IT Doesn't Matter, Carr argues that IT is just a utility and does NOT offer competitive advantage. Which of the following is NOT one of his arguments? IT is not factored into project-start decisions by upper management IT creates economic value across businesses and could be run by the government IT is difficult to build, easy to copy, and thus discourages innovation IT is a commodity, like the telephone, so although IT provides no business advantage, businesses are at a disadvantage without it.
a
On an XUML sequence diagram, for a horizontal line that represents a method call, The arrowhead points to the object containing the called method. The tail of the arrow points from the object containing the called method. A dashed line is used to represent synchronous events. A dashed line is used to represent message calls that have no return data.
a
Pair programming is a technique where Two programmers share the same workstation to write the same code. One programmer writes the code and another one writes the unit tests One programmer writes the code and another one writes the integration tests One programmer writes the unit tests before writing the code
a
Region 2 of the modern PM theory diagram refers to The business activities before a project's iterations The technical activities during a project's iterations The preparation activities for the technical team The team psychology during the iterations of the project
a
The approach of discovering the big picture before diving down into the details over the course of a project's duration is known as __________ Progressive elaboration Extreme Programming Iterative development Incremental development
a
Using a framework is one technique for scoping down enterprise system challenges to address them better, but they do NOT accomplish this by Defining ad hoc processes for development practices Illustrating a guiding practice Evaluating a solution to complex problems Measuring performance
a
What are four of the benefits of following a software engineering process? Repeatability, predictability, traceability, continuous improvement Repeatability, predictability, lower cost, better technology Traceability, enables training, builds confidence, better record keeping Continuous improvement, enables training, builds confidence, clearer role definitions
a
What are the three elements of a card on a Trello board required before the card can move from the iteration backlog (column). Owner, size, and task to be completed Owner, size, and process step Owner, task to be completed, and due date Size, task to be completed, and due date
a
What is NOT one of the principles behind the MVP architecture The HIC talks directly to the DMC, like a user window to the database All business logic and data are placed in a single PDC. All GUI logic is removed and placed in the CIV All logic for external systems is placed in the SIC
a
What is NOT software architecture? The detailed design of the software across all components A holistic framework into which to build the product High-enough level design so as not to reveal implementation The structure and high-level organization of the software
a
What is a Build? A version of the product that has been compiled and tested A version of the product that exists only after the iteration is completed The steps needed to compile and submit the product to the codebase The steps needed to test and submit the product to the codebase
a
What is a preliminary release plan? The product backlog applied to a calendar A first approach for the dates of each key milestone in the charter A detailed schedule of all tasks in the project A product release date that can change if necessary
a
What is one of the impediments with using an agile approach Management does not always support agile practices. It is hard to predict deadlines when schedules are not used It is hard to predict deadlines when detailed scope is not planned up front Cost of change is too high
a
When prioritizing the use case catalog, one should consider: Business value, risk, and use case dependencies Business value, technical dependencies, and implementation order Business value, complexity, and the developer doing the work Complexity, size, and the developer doing the work
a
Which one of the following statements is NOT true? A detailed project plan is needed before the sponsor will commit any funding to the project. Selecting which PM approach to use on a project depends on the specifics of its organizational context, project type, and team Extreme Programming was an early approach to reduce the cost of defect repairs A small team can build a project with lower cost than a larger team
a
A PM thinks a person might leave the team, so he has the team cross-train. This is an example of what kind of risk response? Contingency Mitigation Transfer Acceptance
b
A project will take 10 weeks to complete in the best-case scenario, 20 weeks in the worst-case scenario if the funding is late. However, the team thinks the project will most likely take 12 weeks to complete. What is the project's expected value of completion? 12 weeks 13 weeks 14 weeks 15 weeks
b
A self-organized team means that Each team member selects the role they want to play on the team Each team member assigns themselves the work they will do Each team member performs their work as best they want Each team member does the work as assigned by the team leader instead of an external manager
b
A valid requirements model consists of ____ A UML diagram of the requirements A detailed use case, a class diagram, and corresponding sequence diagram. All classes within the PDC All abstract classes within the application
b
Amazon added a drone delivery system to its business recently. What part of the value chain would encompass such an addition? Operations Outbound Logistics Infrastructure Service
b
Architecture design is driven by Implementation that is gathered into a holistic overview of the software NFRs more than functional requirements Functional requirements more than NFRs Functional and non-functional requirements, balanced equally
b
Deliver software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale" is one of the agile principles that supports the practice of __________ Incremental development Iterative development Individuals and interactions are more important than processes and tools Evolve the software until the customer is satisfied
b
From a requirements perspective, an Actor is __________? A system or user that interacts with the system internally A system or user that interacts with the system externally The same as the human user A proxy that takes the place of a human user
b
Functional decomposition and scope-of-control decomposition are related by what mathematical principle? Semantic analysis Orthogonality Perpendicularity Syntactic analysis
b
How is cardinality used in a UML class diagram? To show the number of objects between IS-A (inheritance) relationships or association relationships. To show the number of objects between HAS-A (aggregation) relationships or association relationships. To show the number of objects between HAS-A (aggregation) relationships or IS-A (inheritance) relationships. Cardinality cannot be used in class diagrams to show objects.
b
MVP is improved over its much older sister, MVC, because It is more up-to-date It directly supports automated GUI testing The Presenter module is better than the Controller module Neither; they are essentially the same
b
MVP refers to an architecture that demonstrates The quickest way to develop an architecture Strong separation of concerns Weak separation of concerns A standard two-tiered architecture
b
Of the ones listed, what is the best progression for requirements elaboration? Workflow to features to coding Workflow to use cases to user stories Workflow to user stories to test cases Workflow to user stories to coding
b
On an XUML sequence diagram, how are asynchronous events or signals shown? A signal is represented as a method call with no return data. A signal is represented as a dashed line and no return data. A signal is represented as a response to a method call with no return data. Signals can only be sent when requested during a message call.
b
SCRUM, the most popular of all agile approaches, has only the following roles: APM, PO, development team Scrum Master, development team, PO Iteration manager, development team, PO Scrum Master, development team, PO, BA
b
The Agile Manifesto is a document that can be summarized as A treatise on the economics of project teams A statement of four values by which developers should build their product A framework of twelve principles by which developers should build their product A treatise on how businesses and IT teams should align themselves.
b
The detail of a use case is best captured in the form "As an <actor> I want to <action> to achieve <goal>" That complies with the IEEE 830 standard Of a spreadsheet that shows the name and purpose of the use case In the Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) along with other data
b
The most expensive part of software development process is Organizing the team and infrastructure in iteration 0 Defects caught late in the development process Testing already coded (code-complete) software Eliciting requirements from stakeholders
b
The project team is just starting up. Jim, the APM, wants to save time by skipping iteration 0 and going right to coding. Why is this a good or bad idea? A bad idea: coding without requirements is always a bad idea. A bad idea: The infrastructure is not yet in place so the developers will be building it while they are trying to code, if they can code at all. A good idea: agile supports writing code from user stories on day one. A good idea: anytime the team can get ahead it should.
b
To maximize automated GUI testing for MVP (without buying special testing tools), the developer must Ensure that all semantic logic and data are in the HIC, and syntax in the CIV Ensure that all semantic logic and data are in the CIV, and syntax in the HIC Ensure that all semantic logic and data, and syntax, are evenly balanced between the CIV and HIC Ensure that all semantic logic and data, and syntax, are evenly balanced between the HIC and test driver
b
What are non-functional requirements? Anything that is not a functional requirement Often called quality attributes, or "-bilities": scalability, reliability, security, accessibility, etc. Requirements that defines the behavior of the product The required project work not involved with developing the product directly
b
What is a primary reason that an agile team has a role that focuses on requirements elicitation more than other aspects of development? The requirements are the most frequent source of defects so it is important to get that part right. The coders are busy writing unit tests and coding and should not be delayed with the negotiations that inherently come with requirements elicitation. Developers are rarely skilled at good requirements elicitation and validation. There should not be a requirements role on a cross-functional agile team.
b
What is a product owner? A role on the business team to define individual requirements and expectations A liaison between all stakeholders and the technical team Another name for the project manager The person who funds the project
b
What is a project abstract? A short summary of what the project should accomplish A list of objectives for the product, including what it should not do An introductory section in the project charter A page from the customer about what they expect the product to do
b
What is a value chain? A sequence of steps to deliver value in the company's product A representation of the internal operations of the company. The software, processes, organizational structure, and technology that interact within an enterprise to provide good technical value. A sequence of steps for building inventory from supplier to provider
b
What is an enterprise system? A series of applications that connect within the enterprise The software, processes, organizational structure, and people who interact within a business to provide business value. The software, processes, organizational structure, and technology that interact within an enterprise to provide good technical value. An application that uses a 3-tired network to support the enterprise
b
What is incremental development? The product is built in components and put together before deployment The product is built layer on layer, evolving at each increment of scope The product is built by doing all stages within the same time box: requirements, analysis, design, coding, and testing; then repeating this process over and over. The product is built by following all stages in order over the duration of the project.
b
What is one distinction between requirements and design? Requirements and design are fundamentally the same things Requirements tell WHAT needs to be done and design tells HOW Requirements tells WHY and design tells HOW Requirements are abstract and design is concrete
b
What is one of the benefits of acceptance tests? Defines to the technical team when the product is done. Commits stakeholders and customers to determining product acceptance The code base is not corrupted when acceptance tests are run before submission Allows the user demo to be clearly organized before the Build is shown to the stakeholder
b
What is one of the best sources from which to derive use cases? A list of features disaggregated into use cases A business workflow disaggregated into use cases A collection of user stories aggregated into use cases A list of objectives from the product owner
b
What is one of the things that a Test Proxy is NOT? An object that implements a specific interface of the CIV An object that runs a series of tests automatically An object that simulates real data input to the system An object that implements a specific interface of the SIC
b
What is the distinguishing difference between traditional project management and today's project management? Developers have better tools and know more than before. Sociology, team dynamics, and psychology are officially part of the today's PM processes. Today the technology makes product development easier Agile PM allows more ad hoc processes, which allows developers greater flexibility
b
What is the primary reason we need a software engineering process? To allow development to proceed in clear steps To reduce risk To add extra cost to our project To follow organizational guidelines, policies, and standards
b
team decides to respond to two risks, each with their own contingency plan. Risk 1: 80% chance of happening, with a $40K impact; Risk 2: 50% chance of happening with a $24K impact. How much money should they add to their risk reserves? $64K $44K $42K $32K
b
"At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly" is one of the agile principles that supports the practice of __________ Weekly progress reporting Daily stand-up meetings Retrospectives Evolve the software until the customer is satisfied
c
A system's average response time is required to be 2.0 seconds, and was measured at 1.9 seconds average. The system's response time would best be described as a Sensitivity point Test Point Risk point Trade-off point
c
An organization's portfolio contains __________ Only projects that are logically connected Only proposals for future projects All projects and programs, proposed and in-flight. All projects that are currently being executed.
c
During a hardening iteration, the team would be expected to Build the user stories quickly and efficiently Catch up with scope that was not completed during an earlier iteration Refactor the code and realign design, with little other productive work being accomplished Prepare the build for a release to the customers
c
During the iterations, which one of the roles will probably NOT facilitate the technical team? The Scrum Master The iteration manager The Product Owner The APM.
c
For each class diagram in the domain model that corresponds to a single use case, what is NOT true? Each method and data element must be unique across all classes Base classes should be abstract or interface types Each method must be a mathematical function, such as f(x,y)-> z. The class diagram must be consistent with the detailed use case and sequence diagram.
c
The IEEE use case template uses a section called "detailed description", which describes A reference to the more design-centered UX artifact used by the use case A more detailed version of the data and actions within the use case The sequence of actions initiated by the actor and responded to by the system The internal actions used by the system that describes how it executes the use case
c
The PM is 68% confident that the project in Question 14 will meet its expected completion date within one standard deviation, or within ± 1.0 weeks ± 1.3 weeks ± 1.7 weeks ± 2.0 weeks
c
The most important aspect of getting a project started is __________ Getting the stakeholders together Getting the requirements correct Getting someone to sponsor it Getting the schedule and project plan correct
c
The project charter is important because __________ It gets authorization and approval from all stakeholders It provides a list of all project objectives for all stakeholders It authorizes the project with a sponsor and sets initial scope requirements It sets the detailed requirements for the project
c
To validate an architecture as good or poor, one may evaluate it by using Scenarios that test easy modifications to the implementation Scenarios that test use cases Scenarios that test quality attributes Scenarios that test stability and robustness
c
Use case validation using UML and XUML is applied to which part of the system? All components of the MVP architecture All abstraction classes in the MVP architecture Only the PDC abstraction classes The detailed use case, its UI, and its design components
c
What does the agile core value "Responding to change over following a plan" mean for agile projects It is more important to define a plan to control project risk It is more important to make a change than to follow requirements It is more important to work with the stakeholder to make a change than to hold them to the requirements specs. It is more important to make changes as quickly as possible, even when the schedule says otherwise.
c
What is NOT a strategy to achieve a sustainable, defensible position within the market? Cost: Reduce cost to maximize profit Focus: Improve aspects of your product better than your competitor's product Profit: Make as much money as possible Differentiation: Create a product different than competitors to earn market share
c
What is NOT true of a class? A class is a specification for a set of objects of the same kind. A class has a clear name, a single responsibility, and collaborators A class should have high coupling and low cohesion. Multiple classes may specify a single object.
c
What is NOT true of requirements? Requirements define the needs or conditions that a software system must meet Requirements must be resolved among various and possibly conflicting stakeholders There is only one best design to meet a single requirements spec. There may be a large number of possible designs for a single requirements spec.
c
What is a staging environment? A place to store all the code and tests while building the product A place to run all the test cases before approving the Build A place to put the finished Build before Release A place to put the finished Build after Release
c
What is iterative development? The product is built in components and put together before deployment The product is built layer on layer, evolving at each increment of scope The product is built by doing all stages within the same time box: requirements, analysis, design, coding, and testing. The product is built by following all stages in order over the duration of the project.
c
What is most different about the Kanban agile approach? Strict Kanban does not use thin-thread development Strict Kanban uses a role-based team for development Strict Kanban does not use time-boxed iterations Strict Kanban does not use incremental development
c
What is the best relationship between the business units and the technical project team? Each business unit has its own project team. Business dictates what they want and IT develops the product exactly. Business and IT work together to solve the business's problem Business specifies what they would like, and the developer improves on it as technology allows
c
What is the last phase done by an agile development team before the maintenance phase? Design and coding Testing Deployment Release to QA
c
When developing an enterprise system, what is NOT one of the primary challenges? People challenges: diversity between the business culture and the developer culture Technical challenges: product designs that evolve from the intended design Environmental challenges: ensuring that all products are "green", that is environmentally safe Process challenges: the agreed approach to take when developing product and project artifacts
c
When is the most money typically spent during a product's life cycle? During development During requirements gathering and design, before iterations start During maintenance During the sales & marketing campaign
c
Within the MVP architecture, the CIV is built mostly with interfaces instead of implementation classes Because implementations support inheritance and polymorphism better in object-oriented languages (like Java) Because the implementations are not known when the CIV is initially built. So that test classes can simulate GUI testing transparently to the rest of the application So that abstractions can be used to define implementations better later
c
A Trello board's first column is always the Iteration Backlog column, and its last column is always the Done column. What is the definition of done for a Trello card? When the card is moved into the Done column When the card is code complete When the card is added to the burn-up chart When the code and all tests for the card are complete
d
A context diagram is used to show many concepts. One thing it does NOT show is The business workflow for the system The project's scope of responsibility The actors and high level data flow of the system The architectural design of the system
d
A use case is considered "rigorously correct" whenever __________ It complies with the IEEE 830 standard The stakeholders have verified it It passes all tests run against it The detailed use case and object (domain) model are consistent
d
All the statements below are true, but which best explains why use cases are better for large projects than other requirement formats? User stories alone can cause fragmentation because they are without context and too finely grained Features are amorphous (vaguely defined) and do not allow requirements validation Test cases alone are incomplete and allow fragmentation (example-based instead of rule-based) Use cases link directly from business workflow, can be rigorously validated, and have mid-size granularity.
d
During a release iteration, the team would be expected to perform hardening, and to Build the user stories quickly and efficiently Catch up with scope that was not completed during an earlier iteration Refactor the code and realign design, with little other productive work being accomplished Write the technical documents and package the regression test suite
d
Four of the artifacts produced by progressive elaboration of Region 2 are, in this order, Project charter, project abstract, preliminary release plan, product backlog Business kickoff meeting minutes, project charter, project abstract, product backlog Project abstract, project charter, use case catalog, product backlog Project charter, project abstract, product backlog, preliminary release plan
d
In Kruchten's 4+1 model of architectural views, what is the one view that glues all other views together? Logical View Process View Thin-thread View Requirements View
d
Requirements are often captured as a set of features. What is NOT true of feature-based requirements? Features are high-level and easily understood by users so the project scope is quickly determined. Features work well for large projects Features cannot be cleanly mapped to use cases during progressive elaboration Features can easily be used to validate for correctness and completeness
d
Software engineering has been called an "immature science". What feature of software engineering argues that to be true? It has not old enough to be mature Software products have too many defects in them Most productive programmers are under 30 It uses largely practitioner-based research
d
The Balanced Score Card is a powerful tool for business. What is it? A tool that compares revenue with costs to measure profit and loss. A tool that tracks how many successful projects the PM has completed, and which projects have gone wrong in scope, cost, schedule or quality. A tool that balances the five forces of competition within the marketplace with customer and supplied bargaining power, new entrants to the market, and substitute products. A tool that ties business strategy with business processes, customers, finances, and learning and growth.
d
The team must decide whether to buy an expensive tool that would help team productivity, or a less expensive tool that would not do as much. These two attributes of cost and productivity are best described as Sensitivity points Test Points Risk points Trade-off points
d
Use cases can be disaggregated into User stories using the NEBS method to identify use case paths Test cases using the NEBS method to identify use case paths A set of user stories All of the above
d
What is NOT a characteristic of developing products by thin-threads; that is, which statement is false? It allows integration testing to be avoided It is scenario-based and supports incremental development It has lower overhead by avoiding stubs and harnesses or drivers Components are developed and "threaded" together near the end
d
What is NOT a user story? A small scenario of user action on the system The smallest unit of scope to be implemented A single path through a detailed use case A unit of scope that takes at least one day to implement
d
What is NOT one of the four basic agile values? Working software is more important than comprehensive documentation Responding to change is more important than following a plan Individuals and interactions are more important than processes and tools Evolve the software until the customer is satisfied
d
What is NOT the intended use of a JAD session? When the issues are emotional or political When one is trying to reduce a list of projects When one is trying to prioritize a list of projects When one is trying to assign a project to a sponsor
d
What is NOT true of an object? An object is an instance of a class specification An object maintains private data and at least one public method An object is an entity with a unique identity, a single responsibility, and long-term state. An object is an entity that controls other objects to perform its responsibility
d
What is a business abstract? A summary of what the project should accomplish A list of objectives for the product, including what it should not do An introductory section in the project charter A page from the customer about what they expect the product to do
d
What is an important rule when setting up the technical team's project environment? Ensure that the project environment has a separate requirements environment Ensure that the project environment has direct access to the production environment Ensure that the test environment is integrated to the development environment Ensure that the test environment is separate from the development environment
d
What is the definition of software requirements? All the documents that define what the product must do and how it must be designed Everything the stakeholders say they want and need to meet their business problem The needs or conditions that a new or altered software system must meet, as long as it meets the IEEE 830 standard The needs or conditions that a new or altered software system must meet, taking into account the possibly conflicting perspectives of the various stakeholders.
d
What is the purpose of a communication plan? A list of all the things the development team must do An optional document to keep upper management informed about project progress An agenda for a stakeholder meeting when organizing expectations A list of what information each stakeholder should get, when, and how
d
What kind of projects are NOT placed in the organization's portfolio? Strategic and tactical Operational Compliance Routine operations
d
Which is NOT a software process phase? Requirements identification Implementation Maintenance Planning
d
Which of the following is a properly-worded and complete use case? Build User Interface screen for purchasing items Ensure that response time is within 2.0 seconds. Save profile data to relational database. Create an account for more convenient purchasing.
d
Who approves the build for the next user demo? The PO The BA The APM The entire team
d