CSM 437 Test 2

Path-goal theory was one of the first theories to construct how characteristics and tasks of followers relate to the effectiveness of leaders on followers.

True

Path-goal theory was one of the first theories to specify conceptionally distinct varieties of leadership.

True

SLII® is ideal for use with followers whose commitment and competence fluctuate over the course of a project.

True

The personal behaviors of the leader are relevant in transformational leadership approach.

True

The transformational approach requires that leaders be social architects.

True

The transformational leadership approach does not give a set of assumptions for leaders to use in different situations.

True

Transformational leaders commonly create a vision.

True

Transformational leadership can be applied across many different settings.

True

Transformational leadership creates a culture where followers are encouraged to discuss matters freely.

True

Transformational leadership has the power to be abused.

True

Transformational leadership theory can be effectively applied for team building.

True

When a leader's style matches the needs of the employees, it can help build trust and positive feelings about the job.

True

Which is a criticism of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

does not support fairness

The vision of a transformational leader evolves from the interests of ______.

everyone involved

Path-goal theory integrates the motivation principles of ______ theory and leadership theory.

expectancy

Which theory states that employee motivation is based on the employee's perceptions of capabilities, outcomes, and payoffs?

expectancy theory

Effective situational leaders demonstrate a high degree of ______.

flexibility

What trait is instrumental to being an effective situational leader?

flexibility

Path-goal theory includes general recommendations based on ______.

follower characteristics and tasks

What happens when a follower does more for a leader?

follower joins the in-group

The best situation in which to utilize a supportive leadership type would include ______.

frustrating tasks

Path-goal theory does not account for ______ differences.

gender

Which is a behavior of directive leaders?

giving instructions

One strength of the situational leadership model is that it ______.

has wide applicability

A follower's development level is classified as high if they ______.

have a high degree of competence and commitment

According to situational leadership, what is a responsibility of leaders?

helping followers learn new skills

Some believe that transformational leadership suffers from ______ leadership bias.

heroic

The factor of ______ is the emotional component of leadership.

idealized influence

Researchers have studied leader-member exchange (LMX) theory ______.

in isolation

One way that LMX theory has been applied is ______.

in leadership situations, for leaders to improve their leadership behaviors

Which scenario depicts the role taking phase?

leader and follower beginning their relationship

The Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model is accompanied by leadership questionnaires that ask leaders to select the best leadership approach for different situations. One criticism of these questionnaires is that they ______.

limit answers to one of the four leadership styles described in SLII®

The foundation of transformational leadership theory is that leadership should not be thought of as ______.

power

Adolf Hitler was a ______ leader.

pseudotransformational

When more is given from the employee than taken, what is the employer likely to do?

reciprocate

Which is a strength of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

strong descriptive theory

What is a recognized strength of transformational leadership?

strong support by research

Differences between in-group and out-group goal accomplishment are ______.

substantial

What leadership type is best for tasks that are structured and unsatisfying?

supportive

Which leadership type has caused doubts over its effectiveness on performance?

supportive

Which leadership type is characterized by a friendly and approachable demeanor?

supportive

Path-goal leadership offers guidance on leadership selection for ______.

task complexity

Before starting a new position, leaders in transformational programs will most likely take ______.

the MLQ

A participative leader could best help followers overcome ______.

uncertain tasks

Which is a strength of path-goal theory?

useful theoretical framework

Out-group members work ______.

within their designated role

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory can be applied to educational systems.

True

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory can reinforce discriminatory practices.

True

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory directs leaders to use relationship perspectives to appraise their leadership.

True

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory increases the sensitivity of leaders.

True

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is a cross-cultural concept.

True

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is based on dyadic relationships.

True

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is the first theory to apply dyadic relationships to leadership concepts.

True

Cameron is the owner of a midsize company and is considering starting a situational leadership training program. He asks your advice as to who should complete the training. What advice should you give?

"This training should be made available to managers at all levels."

The principles of path-goal theory are best applied to ______ of leadership.

All Levels

A follower who has moderate to high competence but is uncertain if they can accomplish a goal on their own would be classified as ______ in terms of their development level.

D3

Commitment is clearly defined in the Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model.

False

It is considered a best practice for leaders to avoid discussing their own career paths when they present visions.

False

LMX cannot be effectively used in nonprofit organizations.

False

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory only applies to high socioeconomic status countries.

False

One recognized weakness of transformational leadership is that there is not enough attention given to the needs of followers.

False

One strength of the situational leadership model is that it allows leaders to identify their dominant style and tells them how to use that style in different contexts.

False

Path-goal theory is a popular topic for seminars and events.

False

Path-goal theory is recognized for its simplicity.

False

Path-goal theory is still used in its original form.

False

Research on transformational leadership is only partially supported.

False

The Kouzes and Posner model is based on trait approach.

False

The SLII® model is primarily intended for use by middle managers.

False

The leader-member exchange (LMX) point of view is that leaders treat followers collectively.

False

The leadership type of self-motivated professionals has less influence than in other professions.

False

The principles of LMX theory support the principles of workplace fairness.

False

The situational approach stresses that leaders should focus on providing support to their followers over providing direction.

False

There is a one-to-many relationship between the development level of the followers and the leader's style.

False

Transformational leadership approach cannot be effectively applied to recruitment practices.

False

Transformational leadership focuses on short-term goals.

False

Transformational leadership theory is based on democracy.

False

With the supporting approach, followers take full responsibility for getting the job done in the manner they see fit.

False

The situational approach to leadership makes which assumption?

Followers' relative competence and commitment vary over time.

How does path-goal theory fail in terms of the leader-follower relationship?

It does not fully explain motivation as a factor.

Which is a criticism of the SLII® model?

It does not provide clear instruction on implementing with an individual versus a group.

The SLII® model is quick to understand and intuitive, which translates into which benefit?

It is applicable across a variety of settings.

Which statement best describes the research related to the situational leadership model?

It is limited in scope.

Which statement about the SLII® model is true?

It may be applied at the leader's discretion throughout a project.

Which statement best describes the situational leadership approach?

It tells leaders how to proceed in different leadership situations.

What is a main criticism of transformational leadership theory?

It was not created for corporations.

Which statement is true of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

LMX is influenced by group norms.

The research that supports the situational leadership approach is best described as ______.

Limited

In the context of transformational leadership, if you knew a leader who was interested in identifying their strengths and weaknesses in order to find areas for improvement, which assessment would you recommend they take?

MLQ

The three biggest strengths of path-goal theory are providing a useful theoretical framework, integrating ______ principles, and providing a model.

Motivation

Path-goal theory is a leader-centric approach.

True

Path-goal theory is more comprehensive than prior contingency theories.

True

Rebecca is a D3 follower. Knowing this, what else is true about Rebecca?

She has moderate to high competence.

A study by Arvidsson et al. (2007) found that the most commonly used leadership style was high supportive-low directive.

True

According to the situational approach to leadership, effective leaders adapt their style based on the situation and the competence and commitment of their followers.

True

Basic ideas within leader-member exchange (LMX) theory are not fully developed.

True

Directive behavior by women is perceived negatively in comparison to directive behavior by men.

True

Followers can move forward or backward along the development continuum.

True

Followers will trust a transformational leader and want to be like them.

True

Group work environments should implement newer, revised versions of path-goal theory.

True

In the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, the paired relationships of leaders and followers continue through all levels.

True

LMX can be applied at all levels of authority.

True

Who is in the mature partnership stage of leader-member relationship development?

a member receiving special treatment from a leader

An informal way that managers can think of the development level of followers is ______.

able and willing

What kind of leader challenges their followers to perform at the highest level possible?

achievement-oriented

When followers are asked to complete ambiguous tasks and need to increase their confidence, they need a(n) ______ leader.

achievement-oriented

The principles of path-goal theory can be applied to ______ tasks.

all

Most people are ______ the idea of transformational leadership.

attracted to

Ingrid wants to apply the situational leadership model to a new project she is working. Her followers are experienced employees who are motivated to do the work. Based on research related to the situational leadership approach, Ingrid should ______.

be less directive in her approach with her followers

When applying path-goal theory, a leader should assess the follower, assess the task, and then ______.

choose a leadership style

A leader who provides direction to followers while trying to meet their socioemotional needs is applying what leadership style?

coaching (S2) (Model in notes folder)

In the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, inconsistencies will be apparent in ______.

collectivist cultures

Effective leadership communication with followers is based on the three main principles of trust, respect, and ______.

commitment

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory directs attention to the importance of ______ in leadership.

communication

The four Is of transformational leadership are known as being ______.

controversial

According to the situational leadership approach, what is the first task for a leader?

determine the nature of the situation

Which leadership style is best to implement when rules are unclear?

directive

Which leadership style works best when followers are authoritarian?

directive

A leader who is providing clear instruction on what the end goal is and how to accomplish it is engaged in ______.

directive behavior

The original version of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory was primarily focused on ______.

in-groups versus out-groups

One of the main concepts within transformational leadership is ______ motivation.

intrinsic

What aspect of the SLII® model makes it applicable to so many organization types?

its breadth

Out-group members fulfill ______.

job description standards

Which leadership factor involves negative reinforcement and can be either active or passive?

management by exception

Which stage of leader-member relationships involves a leader and a member knowing each other very well, trusting one another, and respecting one another?

mature partnership

Who is most likely to only fulfill the minimum responsibilities of coming to work, completing their job, and going home?

members of out-group

In the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, who receives the most information, concern, confidence, and influence from leaders?

members of the in-group

Psychopathic people are known to be ______.

more likely to become leaders

Shannon has just been appointed as team leader at a new site in a different division. Based on the principles of path-goal theory, what is the first thing Shannon should accomplish?

observing team members and jobs

Arjun shows up for work on time, does his job to a sufficient level, and goes home. He never leaves early or arrives late, and his jobs are always completed on schedule, but he feels no need to do any more than his job description entails. How would you label Arjun?

out-group member

Which is true of the research on validity related to path-goal theory?

partial support

When followers have a strong need for control, which leadership type is best?

participative

Enhancing follower performance and satisfaction are the foundation of ______ theory.

path-goal

An upper-level manager wants the human resources (HR) director to decrease the average time to hire when recruiting. Before reaching out to the director, the manager first asks himself questions such as, Does our HR system track time to hire? and, Does the HR director know how we use our HR system? What is the manager trying to determine by asking these questions?

the development level of the HR director

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory prescribes that the quality of leaders' relationships with out-group members should be ______ with in-group members.

the same as

Transformational leaders are ______ toward opposing viewpoints.

tolerant

Noncompete contracts are an example of what kind of leadership?

transactional

What type of leadership is being demonstrated when professors grade students' work?

transactional

Most employees prefer ______ leadership.

transformational

Satisfaction, motivation, and performance have all been positively related to ______ leadership.

transformational

One criticism of the Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model is that it ______.

treats all followers the same, without considering individual demographic factors