CSM 437 Test 2
Path-goal theory was one of the first theories to construct how characteristics and tasks of followers relate to the effectiveness of leaders on followers.
True
Path-goal theory was one of the first theories to specify conceptionally distinct varieties of leadership.
True
SLII® is ideal for use with followers whose commitment and competence fluctuate over the course of a project.
True
The personal behaviors of the leader are relevant in transformational leadership approach.
True
The transformational approach requires that leaders be social architects.
True
The transformational leadership approach does not give a set of assumptions for leaders to use in different situations.
True
Transformational leaders commonly create a vision.
True
Transformational leadership can be applied across many different settings.
True
Transformational leadership creates a culture where followers are encouraged to discuss matters freely.
True
Transformational leadership has the power to be abused.
True
Transformational leadership theory can be effectively applied for team building.
True
When a leader's style matches the needs of the employees, it can help build trust and positive feelings about the job.
True
Which is a criticism of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
does not support fairness
The vision of a transformational leader evolves from the interests of ______.
everyone involved
Path-goal theory integrates the motivation principles of ______ theory and leadership theory.
expectancy
Which theory states that employee motivation is based on the employee's perceptions of capabilities, outcomes, and payoffs?
expectancy theory
Effective situational leaders demonstrate a high degree of ______.
flexibility
What trait is instrumental to being an effective situational leader?
flexibility
Path-goal theory includes general recommendations based on ______.
follower characteristics and tasks
What happens when a follower does more for a leader?
follower joins the in-group
The best situation in which to utilize a supportive leadership type would include ______.
frustrating tasks
Path-goal theory does not account for ______ differences.
gender
Which is a behavior of directive leaders?
giving instructions
One strength of the situational leadership model is that it ______.
has wide applicability
A follower's development level is classified as high if they ______.
have a high degree of competence and commitment
According to situational leadership, what is a responsibility of leaders?
helping followers learn new skills
Some believe that transformational leadership suffers from ______ leadership bias.
heroic
The factor of ______ is the emotional component of leadership.
idealized influence
Researchers have studied leader-member exchange (LMX) theory ______.
in isolation
One way that LMX theory has been applied is ______.
in leadership situations, for leaders to improve their leadership behaviors
Which scenario depicts the role taking phase?
leader and follower beginning their relationship
The Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model is accompanied by leadership questionnaires that ask leaders to select the best leadership approach for different situations. One criticism of these questionnaires is that they ______.
limit answers to one of the four leadership styles described in SLII®
The foundation of transformational leadership theory is that leadership should not be thought of as ______.
power
Adolf Hitler was a ______ leader.
pseudotransformational
When more is given from the employee than taken, what is the employer likely to do?
reciprocate
Which is a strength of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
strong descriptive theory
What is a recognized strength of transformational leadership?
strong support by research
Differences between in-group and out-group goal accomplishment are ______.
substantial
What leadership type is best for tasks that are structured and unsatisfying?
supportive
Which leadership type has caused doubts over its effectiveness on performance?
supportive
Which leadership type is characterized by a friendly and approachable demeanor?
supportive
Path-goal leadership offers guidance on leadership selection for ______.
task complexity
Before starting a new position, leaders in transformational programs will most likely take ______.
the MLQ
A participative leader could best help followers overcome ______.
uncertain tasks
Which is a strength of path-goal theory?
useful theoretical framework
Out-group members work ______.
within their designated role
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory can be applied to educational systems.
True
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory can reinforce discriminatory practices.
True
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory directs leaders to use relationship perspectives to appraise their leadership.
True
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory increases the sensitivity of leaders.
True
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is a cross-cultural concept.
True
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is based on dyadic relationships.
True
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is the first theory to apply dyadic relationships to leadership concepts.
True
Cameron is the owner of a midsize company and is considering starting a situational leadership training program. He asks your advice as to who should complete the training. What advice should you give?
"This training should be made available to managers at all levels."
The principles of path-goal theory are best applied to ______ of leadership.
All Levels
A follower who has moderate to high competence but is uncertain if they can accomplish a goal on their own would be classified as ______ in terms of their development level.
D3
Commitment is clearly defined in the Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model.
False
It is considered a best practice for leaders to avoid discussing their own career paths when they present visions.
False
LMX cannot be effectively used in nonprofit organizations.
False
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory only applies to high socioeconomic status countries.
False
One recognized weakness of transformational leadership is that there is not enough attention given to the needs of followers.
False
One strength of the situational leadership model is that it allows leaders to identify their dominant style and tells them how to use that style in different contexts.
False
Path-goal theory is a popular topic for seminars and events.
False
Path-goal theory is recognized for its simplicity.
False
Path-goal theory is still used in its original form.
False
Research on transformational leadership is only partially supported.
False
The Kouzes and Posner model is based on trait approach.
False
The SLII® model is primarily intended for use by middle managers.
False
The leader-member exchange (LMX) point of view is that leaders treat followers collectively.
False
The leadership type of self-motivated professionals has less influence than in other professions.
False
The principles of LMX theory support the principles of workplace fairness.
False
The situational approach stresses that leaders should focus on providing support to their followers over providing direction.
False
There is a one-to-many relationship between the development level of the followers and the leader's style.
False
Transformational leadership approach cannot be effectively applied to recruitment practices.
False
Transformational leadership focuses on short-term goals.
False
Transformational leadership theory is based on democracy.
False
With the supporting approach, followers take full responsibility for getting the job done in the manner they see fit.
False
The situational approach to leadership makes which assumption?
Followers' relative competence and commitment vary over time.
How does path-goal theory fail in terms of the leader-follower relationship?
It does not fully explain motivation as a factor.
Which is a criticism of the SLII® model?
It does not provide clear instruction on implementing with an individual versus a group.
The SLII® model is quick to understand and intuitive, which translates into which benefit?
It is applicable across a variety of settings.
Which statement best describes the research related to the situational leadership model?
It is limited in scope.
Which statement about the SLII® model is true?
It may be applied at the leader's discretion throughout a project.
Which statement best describes the situational leadership approach?
It tells leaders how to proceed in different leadership situations.
What is a main criticism of transformational leadership theory?
It was not created for corporations.
Which statement is true of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?
LMX is influenced by group norms.
The research that supports the situational leadership approach is best described as ______.
Limited
In the context of transformational leadership, if you knew a leader who was interested in identifying their strengths and weaknesses in order to find areas for improvement, which assessment would you recommend they take?
MLQ
The three biggest strengths of path-goal theory are providing a useful theoretical framework, integrating ______ principles, and providing a model.
Motivation
Path-goal theory is a leader-centric approach.
True
Path-goal theory is more comprehensive than prior contingency theories.
True
Rebecca is a D3 follower. Knowing this, what else is true about Rebecca?
She has moderate to high competence.
A study by Arvidsson et al. (2007) found that the most commonly used leadership style was high supportive-low directive.
True
According to the situational approach to leadership, effective leaders adapt their style based on the situation and the competence and commitment of their followers.
True
Basic ideas within leader-member exchange (LMX) theory are not fully developed.
True
Directive behavior by women is perceived negatively in comparison to directive behavior by men.
True
Followers can move forward or backward along the development continuum.
True
Followers will trust a transformational leader and want to be like them.
True
Group work environments should implement newer, revised versions of path-goal theory.
True
In the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, the paired relationships of leaders and followers continue through all levels.
True
LMX can be applied at all levels of authority.
True
Who is in the mature partnership stage of leader-member relationship development?
a member receiving special treatment from a leader
An informal way that managers can think of the development level of followers is ______.
able and willing
What kind of leader challenges their followers to perform at the highest level possible?
achievement-oriented
When followers are asked to complete ambiguous tasks and need to increase their confidence, they need a(n) ______ leader.
achievement-oriented
The principles of path-goal theory can be applied to ______ tasks.
all
Most people are ______ the idea of transformational leadership.
attracted to
Ingrid wants to apply the situational leadership model to a new project she is working. Her followers are experienced employees who are motivated to do the work. Based on research related to the situational leadership approach, Ingrid should ______.
be less directive in her approach with her followers
When applying path-goal theory, a leader should assess the follower, assess the task, and then ______.
choose a leadership style
A leader who provides direction to followers while trying to meet their socioemotional needs is applying what leadership style?
coaching (S2) (Model in notes folder)
In the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, inconsistencies will be apparent in ______.
collectivist cultures
Effective leadership communication with followers is based on the three main principles of trust, respect, and ______.
commitment
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory directs attention to the importance of ______ in leadership.
communication
The four Is of transformational leadership are known as being ______.
controversial
According to the situational leadership approach, what is the first task for a leader?
determine the nature of the situation
Which leadership style is best to implement when rules are unclear?
directive
Which leadership style works best when followers are authoritarian?
directive
A leader who is providing clear instruction on what the end goal is and how to accomplish it is engaged in ______.
directive behavior
The original version of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory was primarily focused on ______.
in-groups versus out-groups
One of the main concepts within transformational leadership is ______ motivation.
intrinsic
What aspect of the SLII® model makes it applicable to so many organization types?
its breadth
Out-group members fulfill ______.
job description standards
Which leadership factor involves negative reinforcement and can be either active or passive?
management by exception
Which stage of leader-member relationships involves a leader and a member knowing each other very well, trusting one another, and respecting one another?
mature partnership
Who is most likely to only fulfill the minimum responsibilities of coming to work, completing their job, and going home?
members of out-group
In the context of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, who receives the most information, concern, confidence, and influence from leaders?
members of the in-group
Psychopathic people are known to be ______.
more likely to become leaders
Shannon has just been appointed as team leader at a new site in a different division. Based on the principles of path-goal theory, what is the first thing Shannon should accomplish?
observing team members and jobs
Arjun shows up for work on time, does his job to a sufficient level, and goes home. He never leaves early or arrives late, and his jobs are always completed on schedule, but he feels no need to do any more than his job description entails. How would you label Arjun?
out-group member
Which is true of the research on validity related to path-goal theory?
partial support
When followers have a strong need for control, which leadership type is best?
participative
Enhancing follower performance and satisfaction are the foundation of ______ theory.
path-goal
An upper-level manager wants the human resources (HR) director to decrease the average time to hire when recruiting. Before reaching out to the director, the manager first asks himself questions such as, Does our HR system track time to hire? and, Does the HR director know how we use our HR system? What is the manager trying to determine by asking these questions?
the development level of the HR director
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory prescribes that the quality of leaders' relationships with out-group members should be ______ with in-group members.
the same as
Transformational leaders are ______ toward opposing viewpoints.
tolerant
Noncompete contracts are an example of what kind of leadership?
transactional
What type of leadership is being demonstrated when professors grade students' work?
transactional
Most employees prefer ______ leadership.
transformational
Satisfaction, motivation, and performance have all been positively related to ______ leadership.
transformational
One criticism of the Situational Leadership® II (SLII®) model is that it ______.
treats all followers the same, without considering individual demographic factors