Cultural Anthropology 1010

Participant observation

A research method for learning about culture that involves living in a culture for an extended period of time while gathering data is called:

Flinns article 'Reflection of a Shy Ethnographer' illustrates all of the following EXCEPT:

Bringing a child into the field is risky

In the film, "N!ai: Story of a !Kung Woman," it showed how forced sedentarization caused all of the following EXCEPT:

Community members were finding more sustainable jobs

Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "Eskimo" kinship terminology system?

Different terms distinguish between parents and the parents' siblings.

A typical emic approach might involve the study of:

Events that have meaning for members of a particular culture

According to Jared Diamond, in the article "The Worst Mistake," agriculture provides much better nutrition and more leisure time which made it attractive to humans over hunting and gathering.

False

World population grew faster with the introduction of agriculture (about 10,000 years ago) than at any other time in human history.

False

In which country would you expect to find an explicitly "pro-natalist" agenda?

France --because of its state-level policies

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding gender, as discussed in lecture?

Gender is universally defined based on biological differences between male and female

The view that people can be categorized into two genders based on biological sex is known as:

The Binary Gender Model

One great advantage of doing participant observation over other types of methods is that it reveals how what people say may not accord with observed reality

True

Which of the following statements is true:

Unilineal descent makes sense in modes where there is a fixed resource base—horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture—because it provides stability. Most matrilineal societies are horticulturalists, the mode in which women often have significant responsibility. Bilineal descent makes sense in foraging societies because it provides flexibility and reflects fluid social arrangements.

In medical anthropology, "illness" refers to:

a person's perceptions and experiences of certain socially devalued states

Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood.

agriculture

In the film clip from "The Business of Being Born" that we watched in class, it discusses the 'cascade of interventions,' where labor is induced using pitocin, which leads to intense contractions, which then leads to the mother experiencing intense pain and the subsequent use of an epidural, which can then slow down labor necessitating more pitocin, and then ultimately causing the baby to experience distress. This often leads to what:

an 'emergency' Caesarean-section

Social ranking on the basis of caste is:

an ascribed system

All of the following are specific cultural anthropology methods, except:

analysis of Human DNA

Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim that a fifth field, known as ______ anthropology, should be included.

applied

The argument that cultures are integrated leads to the claim that a culture should:

be studied as a whole

Which of the following types of descent groups traces kinship through both the mother and the father?

bilineal

According to your text: SEX is a ______ category while GENDER is a ____________ category.

biological/cultural

One reason why foragers typically have low rates of population growth is because __________.

breastfeeding occurs over frequent and long periods of time, thereby suppressing ovulation

Romantic love:

can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems

When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:

can involve exchanging gifts with the local people

Cultures create kinship via the following three ways:

descent, sharing, and marriage

The textbook highlights a study that proved definitively that males are naturally more aggressive than females because baby boys cry more than baby girls

false

The social distribution of the disease kuru in Papua New Guinea was based on which microcultural factor?

gender

A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________, according to your textbook.

geographical isolation

A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.

geographical isolation

Children have the most tasks in which mode of livelihood?

horticulture

The incest taboo, (i.e. forbidding sexual relations between close kin), is universal, however:

how one defines close kin varies by culture

Below-replacement-level fertility is characteristic of the __________ mode of livelihood.

industrial/digital economy

The cultural materialist perspective uses a three-level model of culture that includes:

infrastructure, structure, and superstructure

Pastoralism:

is a mode of livelihood based on domesticated animal herds and the use of their products, such as meat and milk

A cultural relativist would view contemporary Nacirema culture as:

just as interesting and worthy of study as any other

Bilineal descent systems are __________.

less common than unilineal descent systems

The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.

matrilineal

According to lecture, capitalism is distinguished from other market economies by which of the following:

money is invested to create profits

Compared with family farming, corporate farming is:

more geared to production for sale

In the film, Off the Verandah, we learned that Bronislaw Malinowski revolutionized anthropology by introducing which of the following methods into anthropology:

participant observation

Compared to a family, a household may include __________.

people who are not related by kinship

An individual with a health issue visits a traditional healer and reports an improved condition even though the visit did not include any explicit treatment. What term best applies to this scenario?

placebo effect

Which of the following types of marriage specifically involves the marital union of one woman to two or more men?

polyandry

The term "medical pluralism" refers to the __________.

presence of multiple health systems within a society

According to the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the anthropologist's number one responsibility is to:

protect the people studied from harm related to the research

The Six Cultures study (discussed in your text and also in lecture) suggested that children in horticultural societies tend to be more __________________ than children in agricultural and industrial societies.

self-sacrificing

An example of the interpretivist approach in medical anthropology is __________.

showing how a song sung by a shaman might help a woman through a difficult birth

Culture is NOT,

static

In the second stage of the Demographic Transition, birth rates _____, while death rates _____.

stay the same/fall drastically

The ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology involves __________.

study of how the natural environment interacts with culture to cause disease

Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.

the foraging mode of livelihood

Brideservice involves __________.

the groom working for the bride's family

One thing about which most cultural anthropologists agree is:

the importance of doing fieldwork

Cultural anthropologists link the modes of reproduction to ______.

the modes of livelihood

Polyandry, as it is depicted in Goldstein's article and in the film 'Strange Relations', involves:

the potential for emotional hardship for all of those involved

Ethnomedicine refers to ___________.

the study of cross-cultural health systems

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

the tendency for respondents to change their behavior to correspond with the researcher's interests

A common feature of people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is:

their general acceptance by society

According to Goldstein, in Tibet, brothers may share a wife for the following reason:

to prevent the division of a family's farm

As evidenced by the condition known as 'intersex,' biologically there are more than two sexes.

true

A person's class position is:

usually measured in terms of income level

In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.

with or near the parents of the groom

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Patrilineal descent is the least common form of kinship because you often do not know who the father is.

Which of the following is NOT an example of negative exchange:

Redistribution