Cultural Anthropology 1010
Participant observation
A research method for learning about culture that involves living in a culture for an extended period of time while gathering data is called:
Flinns article 'Reflection of a Shy Ethnographer' illustrates all of the following EXCEPT:
Bringing a child into the field is risky
In the film, "N!ai: Story of a !Kung Woman," it showed how forced sedentarization caused all of the following EXCEPT:
Community members were finding more sustainable jobs
Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "Eskimo" kinship terminology system?
Different terms distinguish between parents and the parents' siblings.
A typical emic approach might involve the study of:
Events that have meaning for members of a particular culture
According to Jared Diamond, in the article "The Worst Mistake," agriculture provides much better nutrition and more leisure time which made it attractive to humans over hunting and gathering.
False
World population grew faster with the introduction of agriculture (about 10,000 years ago) than at any other time in human history.
False
In which country would you expect to find an explicitly "pro-natalist" agenda?
France --because of its state-level policies
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding gender, as discussed in lecture?
Gender is universally defined based on biological differences between male and female
The view that people can be categorized into two genders based on biological sex is known as:
The Binary Gender Model
One great advantage of doing participant observation over other types of methods is that it reveals how what people say may not accord with observed reality
True
Which of the following statements is true:
Unilineal descent makes sense in modes where there is a fixed resource base—horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture—because it provides stability. Most matrilineal societies are horticulturalists, the mode in which women often have significant responsibility. Bilineal descent makes sense in foraging societies because it provides flexibility and reflects fluid social arrangements.
In medical anthropology, "illness" refers to:
a person's perceptions and experiences of certain socially devalued states
Large extended households are most prevalent in the __________ mode of livelihood.
agriculture
In the film clip from "The Business of Being Born" that we watched in class, it discusses the 'cascade of interventions,' where labor is induced using pitocin, which leads to intense contractions, which then leads to the mother experiencing intense pain and the subsequent use of an epidural, which can then slow down labor necessitating more pitocin, and then ultimately causing the baby to experience distress. This often leads to what:
an 'emergency' Caesarean-section
Social ranking on the basis of caste is:
an ascribed system
All of the following are specific cultural anthropology methods, except:
analysis of Human DNA
Anthropology is usually divided into four fields, but some people claim that a fifth field, known as ______ anthropology, should be included.
applied
The argument that cultures are integrated leads to the claim that a culture should:
be studied as a whole
Which of the following types of descent groups traces kinship through both the mother and the father?
bilineal
According to your text: SEX is a ______ category while GENDER is a ____________ category.
biological/cultural
One reason why foragers typically have low rates of population growth is because __________.
breastfeeding occurs over frequent and long periods of time, thereby suppressing ovulation
Romantic love:
can exist even in polyandrous marriage systems
When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport:
can involve exchanging gifts with the local people
Cultures create kinship via the following three ways:
descent, sharing, and marriage
The textbook highlights a study that proved definitively that males are naturally more aggressive than females because baby boys cry more than baby girls
false
The social distribution of the disease kuru in Papua New Guinea was based on which microcultural factor?
gender
A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________, according to your textbook.
geographical isolation
A factor in high rates of wife abuse in rural Kentucky is __________.
geographical isolation
Children have the most tasks in which mode of livelihood?
horticulture
The incest taboo, (i.e. forbidding sexual relations between close kin), is universal, however:
how one defines close kin varies by culture
Below-replacement-level fertility is characteristic of the __________ mode of livelihood.
industrial/digital economy
The cultural materialist perspective uses a three-level model of culture that includes:
infrastructure, structure, and superstructure
Pastoralism:
is a mode of livelihood based on domesticated animal herds and the use of their products, such as meat and milk
A cultural relativist would view contemporary Nacirema culture as:
just as interesting and worthy of study as any other
Bilineal descent systems are __________.
less common than unilineal descent systems
The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.
matrilineal
According to lecture, capitalism is distinguished from other market economies by which of the following:
money is invested to create profits
Compared with family farming, corporate farming is:
more geared to production for sale
In the film, Off the Verandah, we learned that Bronislaw Malinowski revolutionized anthropology by introducing which of the following methods into anthropology:
participant observation
Compared to a family, a household may include __________.
people who are not related by kinship
An individual with a health issue visits a traditional healer and reports an improved condition even though the visit did not include any explicit treatment. What term best applies to this scenario?
placebo effect
Which of the following types of marriage specifically involves the marital union of one woman to two or more men?
polyandry
The term "medical pluralism" refers to the __________.
presence of multiple health systems within a society
According to the code of ethics of the American Anthropological Association (AAA), the anthropologist's number one responsibility is to:
protect the people studied from harm related to the research
The Six Cultures study (discussed in your text and also in lecture) suggested that children in horticultural societies tend to be more __________________ than children in agricultural and industrial societies.
self-sacrificing
An example of the interpretivist approach in medical anthropology is __________.
showing how a song sung by a shaman might help a woman through a difficult birth
Culture is NOT,
static
In the second stage of the Demographic Transition, birth rates _____, while death rates _____.
stay the same/fall drastically
The ecological/epidemiological approach in medical anthropology involves __________.
study of how the natural environment interacts with culture to cause disease
Neolocal residence for married couples is associated with __________.
the foraging mode of livelihood
Brideservice involves __________.
the groom working for the bride's family
One thing about which most cultural anthropologists agree is:
the importance of doing fieldwork
Cultural anthropologists link the modes of reproduction to ______.
the modes of livelihood
Polyandry, as it is depicted in Goldstein's article and in the film 'Strange Relations', involves:
the potential for emotional hardship for all of those involved
Ethnomedicine refers to ___________.
the study of cross-cultural health systems
The Hawthorne effect refers to:
the tendency for respondents to change their behavior to correspond with the researcher's interests
A common feature of people who take on "third gender roles" among Native American cultures is:
their general acceptance by society
According to Goldstein, in Tibet, brothers may share a wife for the following reason:
to prevent the division of a family's farm
As evidenced by the condition known as 'intersex,' biologically there are more than two sexes.
true
A person's class position is:
usually measured in terms of income level
In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.
with or near the parents of the groom
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Patrilineal descent is the least common form of kinship because you often do not know who the father is.
Which of the following is NOT an example of negative exchange:
Redistribution