database management
If one department chair—a professor—can chair only one department and one department can have only one department chair, then the entities PROFESSOR and DEPARTMENT exhibit a(n) _______ relationship.
1:1
The _______ relationship is the relational database norm.
1:M
From a structural point of view, 2NF is better than this.
1NF
The _______ is the real power behind the relational database, allowing the use of independent tables linked by common attributes.
JOIN
The _______ relationships can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities.
M:N
A ____ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.
a composite
Business rules are derived from ____.
a detailed description of an organization's operations
A relationship name should be a(n) ____.
a verb
A(n) ____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.
attribute
In a relational table, each column has a specific range of values known as the _______ domain.
attribute
A ____ relationship exists when two entities are associated.
binary
A(n) _______ key can be described as a superkey without unnecessary attributes.
candidate
PRODUCT yields all possible pairs of rows from two tables—also known as the _______ product.
cartesian
The relational operators have the property of _______; that is, the use of relational algebra operators on existing relations (tables) produces new relations.
closure
The index key can have multiple attributes, this is called a(n) _______ index.
composite
The Chen model is especially useful to illustrate the database from a(n) ____ perspective.
conceptual
____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.
constraints
A(n) _______ provides a detailed description of all tables found within the user/designer-created database.
data dictionary
__ __ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.
data inconsistency
______ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
data integrity
The term refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.
database system
It produces a lower normal form.
denormalization
A diagram that depicts all dependencies found within a given table structure.
dependency diagram
Attribute A determines attribute B (that is, B is functionally _______ on A) if all of the rows in the table that agree in value for attribute A also agree in value for attribute B.
dependent
Any attribute whose value determines other values within a row.
determinant
The set of possible values for an attribute is a ____.
domain
It causes data redundancies of data on every row entry.
duplication
Successful database design is, first and foremost, based on ____ requirements.
end-user
A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) ____ in the data model.
entity
A(n) ____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.
entity
A(n) ____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.
entity
The ____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.
entity relationship
A(n) _______ links tables on the basis of an equality condition that compares specified columns of each table.
equijoin
If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be ____-independent.
existence
Atomic attributes are attributes that can be further divided.
false
Converting a database format from 1NF to 2NF is a complex process.
false
Denormalization is a process for assigning attributes to entities.
false
Dependencies that are based on only a part of a composite primary key are called transitive dependencies.
false
Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each column defines a single entity.
false
To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as _______, to indicate the absence of some value.
flags
The proper use of _______ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy.
foreign
Refers to the level of detail represented by the values stored in a table's row.
granularity
Codd's rule of _______ states that every value in a table is guaranteed to be accessible through a combination of table name, primary key value, and column name
guaranteed access
A(n) _______ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
index
_______ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
information
In the relational model, _______ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.
keys
Students and classes have a ____ relationship.
many-to many
___ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.
metadata
What type of attribute cannot be created in a DBMS?
multivalued
A derived attribute ____.
need not be physically stored within the database
A process to help reduce the likelihood of data anomalies.
normalization
Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the .
operational database
The _______ joins are especially useful when you are trying to determine what value(s) in related tables cause(s) referential integrity problems.
outer
A dependency based on only a part of a composite primary key.
partial dependency
Any attribute that is at least part of a key.
prime attribute
The response of the DBMS to a query is the .
query result set
End-user data is_____?
raw facts of interest to the end user
If the foreign key contains either matching values or nulls, the table that makes use of that foreign key is said to exhibit _______ integrity
referential
The logical view of the relational database is facilitated by the creation of data relationships based on a logical construct known as a(n) _______.
relation
A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) ____ in the data model.
relationship
A(n) ____ is bidirectional.
relationship
It derives its name from the fact that a group of multiple entries of the same type can exist for any single key attribute occurrence.
repeating group
Cardinality expresses ____ number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity.
the specific
A table is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and it includes no partial dependencies.
true
All relational tables satisfy the 1NF requirements.
true
It is possible for a table in 2NF to exhibit transitive dependency, where one or more attributes may be functionally dependent on non-key attributes.
true
Relational models view the data as part of a table or collection of tables in which all key values must be identified.
true
Repeating groups must be eliminated by making sure that each row defines a single entity.
true
___ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.
unstructured
data exist in the format in which they were collected.
unstructured data
