Quiz 6 Notes (A&P2)

Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?

*(All of the choices are correct.)* Ascending colon Duodenum Pancreas Descending colon

Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

**(All of the choices are correct.)** Mixing and propulsion of chyme. Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ. Both digestion and absorption occur in this organ. Segmentation contractions occur in this organ.

Hepatocytes

**(All of the choices are correct.)** convert ammonia to urea. remove sugar from the blood and store it as glycogen. form phospholipids and hydroxylate vitamin D. phagocytize cells.

A man had a gunshot wound in his abdomen. The bullet passed through his anterior body and lodged inside the transverse colon. Which layers did the bullet pass through to arrive at the location? (1) Parietal peritoneum (2) Visceral peritoneum

1, 2, 2, 2

Arrange the following events involving lipids in the correct order. (1) Absorption of lipids (2) Emulsification (3) Micelle formation (4) Digestion of lipids

2, 4, 3, 1

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) Common bile duct (2) Common hepatic duct (3) Cystic duct (4) Left and right hepatic ducts

4, 2, 1

Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?

Absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes

How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?

Active transport

What is the function of enteric sensory neurons?

Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct

What muscle forms the cheek?

Buccinator

Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?

CO2 and H2O → carbohydrates

Which of the following is NOT part of a portal triad?

Central vein

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Changing the tongue shape during swallowing

A gallstone has completely blocked flow of bile into the small intestine. Where is the stone most likely lodged?

Common bile duct

What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

Cystic duct

Celiac disease causes degeneration of the villi of the small intestine. What is a likely effect of this degeneration?

Decrease in absorption due to reduced surface area

Which of the following attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Falciform ligament

If gases are released as digestion of food begins in the stomach, where is it most likely to accumulate?

Fundus

Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?

Gastrin

Gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer can all be caused by

Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium

Bile would flow directly from the

Hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.

Where does bile enter the duodenum?

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Which of the following is not a substance found in saliva?

Hydrochloric acid

Which of the following statements regarding swallowing is true?

In the pharyngeal phase, food is moved through the pharynx.

Which of the following statements concerning proteins is true?

Intestinal epithelial cells absorb more dipeptides and tripeptides than single amino acids

What is the function of bicarbonate when it is secreted by the large intestine?

It increases the pH of the feces, which are acidic because of bacterial secretions

Which digestive activity is NOT correctly matched to its location?

Killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach

Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?

Mucosa

George has to have his gallbladder removed. His friend told him he can no longer eat fats because he will no longer produce bile. Is this an accurate description of George's future diet?

No; the gallbladder only stores the bile that is produced by the liver.

Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?

Pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition?

Peristalsis

Which of the following statements applies to the ileocecal sphincter?

Peristaltic contractions reaching this sphincter cause it to relax.

______ is the movement of food through the digestive tract

Propulsion

________ is the movement of food through the digestive tract.r

Propulsion

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?

Pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach

Which of the following components of saliva is mismatched with its function?

Salivary amylase - begins protein digestion

Which of the following is located closest to the rectum?

Sigmoid colon

Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract?

Stomach

Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?

Synthesize bile

Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle?

The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with its substrate?

Trypsin - nucleic acids

Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include_____

amylase, maltase, and sucrase

Teeth in adults

are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw

The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone_____

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called___

chyme

A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is_____

chymotrypsin

Trypsin can activate

chymotrypsinogen

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is

composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.

The liver

consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.

Functions of the liver include_____

detoxification of harmful chemicals bile production interconversion of nutrients **(All of the choices are correct)** production of many blood proteins

Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include___

disaccharidases

Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include_____

disaccharidases

Bile

emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

Salivary gland secretion is primarily controlled by the

facial and glossopharyngeal nerves

Intrinsic factor

facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.

Inflammation of the gums is called____

gingivitis

The hepatic sinusoids

have phagocytic cells in their lining.

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the_____

hepatic portal vein

A cell needs a receptor in order to absorb LDLs. A disease that interferes with the functioning of these LDL receptors would

increase serum cholesterol levels.

The enterogastric reflex serves to_______

inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine

The defecation reflex

is stimulated by distention of the rectum.

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains____

less lipid

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains_____

less lipid

Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of___

lipids

Bile is produced by cells of the__

liver

The_________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing_____

liver; cholesterol

Defecation following a meal is usually the result of

mass movements stimulated by the gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes moving feces towards the rectum.

The pyloric pump

moves chyme through a partially closed pyloric opening.

The major secretion of the large intestine is____

mucus

The myenteric plexus is found in the_________ of the digestive tract wall.

muscularis

The major types of enteric neurons include all of the following, except

neurons that suppress epithelial secretions

The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the_____

oropharynx

The abdominal cavity is lined with_____

parietal peritoneum

The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during the_________ phase of swallowing.

pharyngeal

The tongue

plays a major role in swallowing.

LDLs are taken into a cell by the process of______

receptor mediated endocytosis

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of

relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be___

retroperitoneal

In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the_____

serosa

Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the____

small intestine

Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the_______

small intestine

Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the_________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the______

small intestine; small intestine

Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the___

soft palate

The enteric plexus is composed of the_________ and the_____

submucosal plexus; myenteric plexus

The enteric plexus is composed of the_________ and the_______

submucosal plexus; myenteric plexus

Monosaccharides

use a symport process in their absorption.