Quiz 6 Notes (A&P2)
Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?
*(All of the choices are correct.)* Ascending colon Duodenum Pancreas Descending colon
Which of the following apply to the small intestine?
**(All of the choices are correct.)** Mixing and propulsion of chyme. Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ. Both digestion and absorption occur in this organ. Segmentation contractions occur in this organ.
Hepatocytes
**(All of the choices are correct.)** convert ammonia to urea. remove sugar from the blood and store it as glycogen. form phospholipids and hydroxylate vitamin D. phagocytize cells.
A man had a gunshot wound in his abdomen. The bullet passed through his anterior body and lodged inside the transverse colon. Which layers did the bullet pass through to arrive at the location? (1) Parietal peritoneum (2) Visceral peritoneum
1, 2, 2, 2
Arrange the following events involving lipids in the correct order. (1) Absorption of lipids (2) Emulsification (3) Micelle formation (4) Digestion of lipids
2, 4, 3, 1
Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) Common bile duct (2) Common hepatic duct (3) Cystic duct (4) Left and right hepatic ducts
4, 2, 1
Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?
Absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes
How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?
Active transport
What is the function of enteric sensory neurons?
Both "Detect changes in chemical composition of digestive tract contents" and "Detect stretch of the digestive tract wall" are correct
What muscle forms the cheek?
Buccinator
Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?
CO2 and H2O → carbohydrates
Which of the following is NOT part of a portal triad?
Central vein
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Changing the tongue shape during swallowing
A gallstone has completely blocked flow of bile into the small intestine. Where is the stone most likely lodged?
Common bile duct
What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
Cystic duct
Celiac disease causes degeneration of the villi of the small intestine. What is a likely effect of this degeneration?
Decrease in absorption due to reduced surface area
Which of the following attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
Falciform ligament
If gases are released as digestion of food begins in the stomach, where is it most likely to accumulate?
Fundus
Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?
Gastrin
Gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer can all be caused by
Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium
Bile would flow directly from the
Hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct.
Where does bile enter the duodenum?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Which of the following is not a substance found in saliva?
Hydrochloric acid
Which of the following statements regarding swallowing is true?
In the pharyngeal phase, food is moved through the pharynx.
Which of the following statements concerning proteins is true?
Intestinal epithelial cells absorb more dipeptides and tripeptides than single amino acids
What is the function of bicarbonate when it is secreted by the large intestine?
It increases the pH of the feces, which are acidic because of bacterial secretions
Which digestive activity is NOT correctly matched to its location?
Killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach
Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?
Mucosa
George has to have his gallbladder removed. His friend told him he can no longer eat fats because he will no longer produce bile. Is this an accurate description of George's future diet?
No; the gallbladder only stores the bile that is produced by the liver.
Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?
Pepsinogen and intrinsic factor
What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition?
Peristalsis
Which of the following statements applies to the ileocecal sphincter?
Peristaltic contractions reaching this sphincter cause it to relax.
______ is the movement of food through the digestive tract
Propulsion
________ is the movement of food through the digestive tract.r
Propulsion
Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?
Pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach
Which of the following components of saliva is mismatched with its function?
Salivary amylase - begins protein digestion
Which of the following is located closest to the rectum?
Sigmoid colon
Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract?
Stomach
Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?
Synthesize bile
Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle?
The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with its substrate?
Trypsin - nucleic acids
Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include_____
amylase, maltase, and sucrase
Teeth in adults
are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw
The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone_____
cholecystokinin (CCK)
Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called___
chyme
A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is_____
chymotrypsin
Trypsin can activate
chymotrypsinogen
The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is
composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.
The liver
consists of two major lobes and two minor lobes.
Functions of the liver include_____
detoxification of harmful chemicals bile production interconversion of nutrients **(All of the choices are correct)** production of many blood proteins
Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include___
disaccharidases
Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include_____
disaccharidases
Bile
emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
Salivary gland secretion is primarily controlled by the
facial and glossopharyngeal nerves
Intrinsic factor
facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12.
Inflammation of the gums is called____
gingivitis
The hepatic sinusoids
have phagocytic cells in their lining.
Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the_____
hepatic portal vein
A cell needs a receptor in order to absorb LDLs. A disease that interferes with the functioning of these LDL receptors would
increase serum cholesterol levels.
The enterogastric reflex serves to_______
inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine
The defecation reflex
is stimulated by distention of the rectum.
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains____
less lipid
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) contains_____
less lipid
Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of___
lipids
Bile is produced by cells of the__
liver
The_________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing_____
liver; cholesterol
Defecation following a meal is usually the result of
mass movements stimulated by the gastrocolic and duodenocolic reflexes moving feces towards the rectum.
The pyloric pump
moves chyme through a partially closed pyloric opening.
The major secretion of the large intestine is____
mucus
The myenteric plexus is found in the_________ of the digestive tract wall.
muscularis
The major types of enteric neurons include all of the following, except
neurons that suppress epithelial secretions
The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the_____
oropharynx
The abdominal cavity is lined with_____
parietal peritoneum
The epiglottis covers the opening into the larynx during the_________ phase of swallowing.
pharyngeal
The tongue
plays a major role in swallowing.
LDLs are taken into a cell by the process of______
receptor mediated endocytosis
Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of
relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.
Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be___
retroperitoneal
In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the_____
serosa
Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the____
small intestine
Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the_______
small intestine
Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the_________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the______
small intestine; small intestine
Food is prevented from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing by the___
soft palate
The enteric plexus is composed of the_________ and the_____
submucosal plexus; myenteric plexus
The enteric plexus is composed of the_________ and the_______
submucosal plexus; myenteric plexus
Monosaccharides
use a symport process in their absorption.