Database Quiz Questions

The Crow's foot symbol with two vertical lines indicates _______ cardinality.

(1,1)

The object-oriented data model was developed in the ______.

1980s

_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

Data inconsistency

_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.

Data integrity

At the implementation level, the supertype and its subtype(s) depicted in a specialization hierarchy maintain a(n) ______ relationship.

1:1

The _______ relationship is the "relational model ideal".

1:M

A table where all attributes are dependent on the primary key but are independent of each other, and no row contains two or more multivalued facts about an entity is said to be in _____.

4NF

_____ express the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrence of the related entity.

Cardinality

______ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.

Constraints

____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.

Information

_____ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

Information

____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.

Knowledge

The conceptual model can handle _____ relationships and multivalued attributes.

M:N

The entity relationship model uses the associative entity to represent a(n) _____ relationship between two or more entities.

M:N

_____ relationship can be implemented by creating a new entity in 1:M relationships with the original entities.

M:N

_____ provided a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.

Metadata

The ______ constraint can be placed on a column to ensure that every row in the table has a value for the column.

NOT NULL

____ are especially useful when you are trying to determine what values in related tables cause referential integrity problems.

Outer joins

To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN.

SELECT

_______, also known as RESTRICT, yields values for all rows found in a table that satisfy a given condition.

SELECT

______ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.

Structured data

Which of the following is a specialization hierarchy disjoint constraint scenario in case of partial completeness?

Subtype discriminator can be null

Which of the following is a specialization hierarchy overlapping constrain scenario in case of partial completeness?

Supertype has optional subtypes.

Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?

They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.

What is true about business rules?

They serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.

_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.

Unstructured

______ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.

Unstructured

Oracle 12c, MS SQL Server, and Tamino are examples of ____ data models.

XML Hybrid

An entity cluster is formed by combining multiple interrelated entities into _____.

a single abstract entity object

A partial completeness constraint is represented by _____.

a single horizontal line under a circle

A(n) ____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

application

To simplify the conceptual design, most higher-order relationships are decomposed into appropriate equivalent ______ relationships whenever possible.

binary

A(n) ______ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization.

business rule

A ______ key can be described as a minimal superkey, a superkey without any unnecessary attributes.

candidate

A(n) ______ is a collection of similar objects with a shared structure and behavior.

class

The purpose of an entity _____ is to simplify an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) and thus enhance its readability.

cluster

The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a ________

collection of files

Each table ______ represents an attribute.

column

The entity relationship diagram (ERD) represents the _____ database as viewed by the end user.

conceptual

The first step in building an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is _____.

creating a detailed narrative of the organization's description of operations

A derived attribute is indicated in the Chen notation by a _____ that connects the attribute and an entity.

dashed line

A _____ contains at least all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.

data dictionary

A(n) ______ defines the environment in which data can be managed and is used to work with the data in the database.

data manipulation language

The term _____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.

database system

In a(n) _____ diagram, the arrows above the attributes indicate all desirable dependencies.

dependency

A(n) _____ is the set of possible values for a given attribute.

domain

A total completeness constrain is represented by a ____.

double horizontal line under a circle

The extended entity relationship model (EERM) is sometimes referred to as the _____.

enhanced entity relationship model

A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.

enterprise

A relationship is an association between _____.

entities

A(n) ______ represents a particular type of object in the real world.

entity

The default comparison condition for the subtype discriminator attribute is the _____ comparison.

equality

An entity is said to be _____-dependent if it can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity occurrence.

existence

A _____ is a collection of related records.

file

A _____ is the primary key of one table that has been placed into another table to create a common attribute.

foreign key

In a database context, the word ______ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes.

homonym

A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table

index

Complex _____ requirements may dictate data transformations, and they may expand the number of entities and attributes within the design.

information

The property of _____ enables an entity subtype to inherit the attributes and relationships of the supertype.

inheritance

A(n) _____ only returns matched records from the tables that are being joined.

inner join

Referential _____ dictates that the foreign key must contain values that match the primary key in the related table, or must contain null.

integrity

The _____ is the representation of a database as "seen" by the DBMS.

internal model

The organization of data within folder in a manual file system is determined by ______

its expected use

According to Codd's _____ rule of relations databases, application programs and ad hoc facilities are logically unaffected when changes are made to the table structures that preserve the original table values (changing order of columns or inserting columns).

logical data independence

Students and classes have a ________ relationship.

many-to-many

A(n) _____ 's main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment.

model

In the ____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent.

network

The "_____" characteristics of a primary key states that the primary key should not have embedded semantic meaning.

nonintelligent

According to Codd's _____ rule of relational databases, if the system supports low-level access to the data, users must not be allowed to bypass the integrity rules of the database.

nonsubversion

Overlapping subtypes are subtypes that contain _____ subsets of the supertype entity set.

nonunique

The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance.

objected-orientated

Ideally, an entity identifier is composed of _____ attribute(s).

one

Within a specialization hierarchy, every subtype can have _____ supertype(s) to which it is directly related.

only one

If Tiny College has some departments that are classified as "research only" and do not offer courses, the COURSE entity of the college database would be _____ the DEPARTMENT entity.

optional to

One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their _____ key attribute from their supertype.

primary

If an employee with an EMPLOYEE entity has a relations with itself that relationship is known as a ______ relationship.

recursive

MySQL is an example of the ______

relational data model

A(n) ____ is bidirectional.

relationship

A(n) _____ is the conceptual organization of an entire database as viewed by a database administrator.

schema

An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

schema

A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes.

secondary

The "_____" characteristic of a primary ley states that the selected primary key must not composed of any attributes that might be considered a violation.

security-compliant

An XML database supports the storage and management of _______ XML data.

semi structured

Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____.

semi structured

According to the "preferably single-attribute" characteristic of a primary key the primary key:

should have the minimum number of attributes possible

A _____ attribute is one that cannot be subdivided.

simple

If an entity can exist apart from all of its related entities, then it is existence-independent, and it is referred to as a(n) ______ entity.

strong

A(n) _____ is the attribute in the supertype entity that determines to which entity subtype each supertype occurrence is related.

subtype discriminator

A _____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row.

superkey

A _____ is a primary key created by a database designer to simplify the identification of entity instances.

surrogate key

When the specific cardinalities are not included on the diagram in Crow's Foot notation, cardinality is implied by the use of _____.

symbols

The _____ is actually a system-created database whose tables store the user/designer-created database characteristics and contents.

system catalog

Data is said to be verifiable if:

the data always yields consistent results

Each row in a relation is called a(n) _____

tuple

A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity.

unary

When two or more tables share the same number of columns, and when their corresponding columns share the same or compatible domains, they are said to be ________

union-compatible

Nonoverlapping subtypes are subtypes that contain a(n) _____ subset of the supertype entity set.

unique

The "_____" characteristic of a primary key states that the primary key must uniquely identify each entity instance, must be able to guarantee unique values, and must not contain nulls.

unique values

A _____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.

weak

A(n) ____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization.

workgroup