DC History Exam 3 (Ch. 23-25)

Chicano farm workers found a powerful advocate in: a) Cesar Chavez. b) the bracero program. c) Carlos Bulosan. d) Mario Savio. e) the Border Patrol.

a) Cesar Chavez.

How could Birmingham police chief Eugene Connor have undermined Martin Luther King Jr.'s strategy in Birmingham in May 1963? a) He could have allowed the protesters to march unimpeded. b) He could have arrested more of the protesters. c) He could have requested the National Guard from the governor of Alabama. d) He could have organized a counter protest by the Ku Klux Klan. e) He could have requested federal assistance from President John F. Kennedy.

a) He could have allowed the protesters to march unimpeded.

Why was it inevitable that the United States and the Soviet Union would eventually come into conflict after the war ended? a) Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interests or values. b) It was clear as early as the Tehran conference that Stalin had never intended to follow through on any of the Grand Alliance agreements. c) Exploitation of Iran's northern oil fields suggested the Soviet Union was already ahead of the United States in postwar economic development. d) The Soviet Union had not fulfilled its obligations from the Yalta Conference. e) FDR had privately urged his advisers that the wartime friendly relationship between both nations could never last.

a) Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interests or values.

What event forced John F. Kennedy to take meaningful action in support of the civil rights movement? a) King's demonstrations in Birmingham. b) March on Washington rally. c) Greensboro sit-ins. d) Selma-to-Birmingham March. e) Freedom Summer campaign.

a) King's demonstrations in Birmingham.

In what ways did the counterculture represent the fulfillment of the consumer marketplace? a) The counterculture extended the concept of individual choice into every realm of life. b) The counterculture revived the concept of free competition and innovation. c) Members of the counterculture were the primary consumers of new technology. d) The counterculture extended the privilege of consumption and leisure to the young. e) The counterculture made mass consumption more affordable for college students.

a) The counterculture extended the concept of individual choice into every realm of life.

By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam: a) exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal. b) was decreasing as the peace process accelerated. c) was less than in 1965. d) was reduced, as President Johnson considered running for another term. e) was of little concern to most Americans.

a) exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal.

To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department: a) funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits. b) censored the work of modern artists. c) sought to censor the work of painter Jackson Pollock. d) promoted the work of artist Norman Rockwell. e) imposed artistic conformity.

a) funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits.

The policy of "containment" can best be described as: a) preventing the spread of communism worldwide. b) George Kennan's theory that the United States must pursue normal relations with the Soviet Union, or fail to contain Chinese postwar aggression. b) a focus on the containment of further military conflict in the postwar world. c) Purging communism from labor unions. preventing the expansion of U.S. economic interests in Latin America d) to appease growing unrest in impoverished regions.

a) preventing the spread of communism worldwide.

During the Bay of Pigs invasion: a) the CIA failed in its mission. b) Eisenhower suspended trade with Cuba. c) the CIA restored Fulgencio Batista to power. d) a popular uprising of anti-Castro Cubans toppled Castro's regime. e) Fidel Castro took over American landholdings.

a) the CIA failed in its mission.

Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for? a) Patience on the part of the United States in dealing with the Soviet Union. b) A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment. c) Limited strategic goals, confronting the Soviets only at key industrial areas. d) A sole reliance on nuclear weapons in order to spare conventional forces. e) Limited strategic goals, confronting the Chinese only at key industrial areas.

b) A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment.

What did President John F. Kennedy have in common with his predecessor Dwight D. Eisenhower? a) Both came from Massachusetts. b) Both tended to view the entire world through the lens of the Cold War. c) Both preferred the challenges of domestic policy rather than foreign affairs. d) Both came from the conservative wing of the Democratic Party. e) Both had been high-ranking officers during the U.S. invasion of France in World War II.

b) Both tended to view the entire world through the lens of the Cold War.

The free speech movement: a) had little support among college-age students at the time. b) began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting place. c) began in Port Huron to protest a campus ban on political literature. d) failed in its efforts to establish free speech on college campuses. e) began in Los Angeles to protest a campus ban on political literature.

b) began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting place.

"Militant Liberty" was the code name for a national security agency that: a) required labor unions to purge suspected communist leaders. b) encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies. c) encouraged artists to paint work in a Norman Rockwell style. d) patrolled the border in search of illegal aliens. e) forced schools to fire teachers and professors suspected of teaching Marxist ideas.

b) encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies.

After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was: a) Great Britain. b) the Soviet Union. c) France. d) Japan. e) Germany.

b) the Soviet Union.

The Berlin Wall: a) was built with the cooperation of West Germany and her western allies, who sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. b) was erected in 1961 by the Soviets to stem the rising tide of emigration from East Berlin to West Berlin. c) became an unlikely symbol of hope that one day the Cold War would end. d) was torn down in 1989 by a group of Soviet protestors. e) was a temporary defensive measure enacted after a series of riots.

b) was erected in 1961 by the Soviets to stem the rising tide of emigration from East Berlin to West Berlin.

Why did John F. Kennedy consider civil rights a moral crisis for the nation? a) He did not think racial equality in the United States possible without reparations for slavery. b) He had personally witnessed the hardships of Jim Crow growing up. c) He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States' claim for leadership of the free world. d) He considered civil rights an issue for women and gays as well as for African-Americans. e) He saw how racial tensions divided his own family.

c) He found racial discrimination incompatible with the United States' claim for leadership of the free world.

On what grounds could foreign nationals apply for immigrant status in the United States after 1965? a) Their experience in counterinsurgency operations. b) Their proficiency in English. c) Their family ties to U.S. citizens or other immigrants. d) Their anticommunist credentials. e) The color of their skin.

c) Their family ties to U.S. citizens or other immigrants.

The impact of the Cold War on American culture was: a) discouraged in the public schools. b) widely criticized by the news media. c) especially evident in the movies. d) felt mostly in the cities. e) limited in scope.

c) especially evident in the movies.

The 1948 presidential race: a) was a three-way race. b) highlighted gender as a campaign issue for the Republican Party. c) was the last to occur before television forever changed campaigning. d) ended the movement of southern Democrats into the Republican Party. e) had Strom Thurmond as a close second to Harry Truman.

c) was the last to occur before television forever changed campaigning.

Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history: a) a written constitution. b) freedom of speech. c) women's suffrage. d) procedural due process. e) freedom of assembly.

c) women's suffrage.

Which statement about the Korean conflict is FALSE? a) General MacArthur argued for an invasion of China and for the use of nuclear weapons. b) The war ended in a cease-fire, not with a formal peace treaty. c) The United Nations authorized the use of forces to repel the North Koreans. d) Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did. e) Truman removed General MacArthur from his command when he publicly criticized Truman.

d) Chinese troops threatened to enter the conflict, but never did.

All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT: a) the Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education. b) the Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation. c) the Cold War reshaped immigration policy. d) Cold War military spending weakened the economy. e) Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers.

d) Cold War military spending weakened the economy.

Why did the United States continue to support South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem's corrupt and weak regime? a) U.S. officials were caught by surprise when a military coup led to Diem's death. b) Diem had the support of his people, which pointed to an eventual South Vietnamese victory over the communists. c) Diem had built a stable and broad base of support for his government using advice from American officials. d) Presidents Kennedy and Johnson feared losing Vietnam to communism. e) By 1963, Diem's forces had regained much of the Vietnamese countryside from the outnumbered Viet Cong.

d) Presidents Kennedy and Johnson feared losing Vietnam to communism.

Who were the "Dixiecrats"? a) Members of the Commission on Civil Rights. b) Members of the national press corps who covered the story of Strom Thurmond's breakaway from the Democratic Party. c) Southern labor organizers who campaigned against passage of the Taft-Hartley Act. d) Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party." e) Republicans who favored maintaining segregation in the South in support of the principle of states' rights.

d) Southern Democrats who walked out of the 1948 convention to form the "States' Rights Democratic Party."

The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954? a) The Defense Department. b) The Voice of America. c) The Communist Party. d) The army. e) The State Department.

d) The army.

How had the political climate changed in the South during World War II in the early Cold War years? a) The mass exodus of African-Americans for the West Coast and Northeast left the region almost exclusively white. b) The high concentration of prisoner-of-war camps in the region had made these southerners savvy in foreign affairs. c) The region's central role in the development of the atom bomb made it the capital of militant Cold War politics. d) The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold. e) In light of the fight against an enemy with a racial ideology, the states of the upper South abolished segregation and Jim Crow rule.

d) The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold.

Why did the African-American civil rights protesters that marched in June 1963 in more than 186 cities NOT try more deliberately to avoid arrest? a) They had tried to avoid any encounter with the police as best they could. b) Too many police officers had infiltrated the civil rights movement. c) Most of the protesters came from privileged backgrounds and knew that they would get off easy. d) The very point of the protests was to illustrate the punitive nature of southern Jim Crow justice. e) Until that time, the police had had a reputation of being highly sympathetic to the civil rights movement.

d) The very point of the protests was to illustrate the punitive nature of southern Jim Crow justice.

How did black organizations employ the language of the Cold War? a) Organizations such as the NAACP used phrases such as "freedom versus slavery" to rally support for desegregation. b) Most black activists shied away from any nod to Cold War language for fear of government reprisals. c) The NAACP adopted and translated slogans from the Soviet Union. d) They noted how the Russians could use racism to damage America's image abroad, given its hypocrisy about the meaning of "freedom" at home. e) The NAACP in particular copied the tactics of communist strategists in labor organizations such as the Southern Conference for Human Welfare.

d) They noted how the Russians could use racism to damage America's image abroad, given its hypocrisy about the meaning of "freedom" at home.

How did the United States respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin? a) Truman put American forces on high alert and threatened atomic war if Stalin did not lift the blockade. b) Truman ignored it. c) American forces forced their way through the road blockade with a caravan of armored tanks. d) Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift. e) Truman asked the United Nations to place an embargo on all goods going to the Soviet Union.

d) Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift.

Organized labor emerged as: a) a vocal critic of McCarthyism. b) a radical wing of the Communist Party. c) a militant group willing to fight the Red Scare. d) a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War. e) the best informants for the FBI and HUAC.

d) a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War.

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring inspired the ___________ movement. a) conservative b) gay liberation c) feminist d) environmental e) Indian

d) environmental

In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan: a) focused on the plight of working-class women. b) emphasized the role of child-rearing for women. c) focused on the particular plight of black women. d) focused on the discontents of middle-class women. e) emphasized the role women played in the anti-war movement.

d) focused on the discontents of middle-class women.

In 1949, Mao Zedong: a) cooperated with the Chinese nationalists. b ) represented the Chinese at the United Nations. c) was an ally of the United States. d) led a successful communist revolution in China. e) led a successful communist revolution in Taiwan.

d) led a successful communist revolution in China.

The "Iron Curtain": a) divided North and South Korea. b) separated Japan from the rest of Asia. c) separated the United States from the Soviet Union. d) separated the free West from the communist East. e) divided East and West Germany.

d) separated the free West from the communist East.

Which of the following was NOT true of the Cuban Missile Crisis? a) The standoff brought the United States to the brink of nuclear war with the Soviet Union. b) Kennedy was appalled by military leaders who had discussed "winning" a nuclear war, prompting him to sign an aboveground nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviets the following year. c) The crisis erupted after U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. d) Kennedy secretly agreed to remove American Jupiter missiles from Turkey. e) The crisis was part of a dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union after a U.S. Navy vessel carrying nuclear warheads was intercepted off the coast of Turkey.

e) The crisis was part of a dispute between the United States and the Soviet Union after a U.S. Navy vessel carrying nuclear warheads was intercepted off the coast of Turkey.

Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less than ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany? a) The United States made this concession in order to win access to lucrative German consumer markets. b) The United States had thoroughly "de-nazified" the country. c) The United States depended heavily on the expertise of German rocket scientists. d) East Germany had positioned nuclear missiles along the border to the west. e) The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West.

e) The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West.

During Freedom Summer: a) only black activists participated in the voter registration campaign. b) there was little violence. c) very few white college students participated. d) signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration. e) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.

e) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.

To combat communism, one of John Kennedy's first acts was to: a) deploy combat troops to Vietnam. b) increase military spending on ballistic missiles. c) suggest a ban on nuclear weapons. d) call for a summit meeting between the two superpowers. e) establish the Peace Corps.

e) establish the Peace Corps.

The 1960 sit-in at Greensboro, North Carolina: a) was staged in one of the most notoriously racist cities of the South, where angry residents remained deeply committed to the racial divide. b) did not end with integration of the Woolworth's lunch counter. c) encountered a harsh reaction from Greensboro's police force, which jailed the four ringleaders. d) ended in a riot with ten injured. e) sparked similar successful demonstrations throughout the South.

e) sparked similar successful demonstrations throughout the South.

In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that: a) suspects could not refuse to cooperate with police. b) states must permit interracial marriage. c) local elections could be monitored by federal officials. d) school prayer was unconstitutional. e) those in police custody had certain rights.

e) those in police custody had certain rights.