DC Speech Midterm Review

A(n) __________ is a visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form.

chart

Arranged in random order below are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

Two types of skin cancer are melanoma and basal cell carcinoma.

Fletcher is listening for pleasure as a friend discusses her trip to Australia. According to your textbook, Fletcher is engaged in __________ listening.

appreciative

According to your textbook, saying "dunno" instead of "don't know" is an error in

articulation

When the general purpose of your speech is to _________ you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.

inform

According to your textbook, a listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about a recent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would be experiencing

interference

Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should

keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process.

As explained in your textbook, the three main parts of a speech are called

the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.

For his first speech, Peter is organizing his ideas around three holiday customs that were passed down by his Polish grandparents. According to your textbook, Peter's speech will most likely be organized in __________ order.

topical

When Cody creates a speaking outline for his informative speech on hockey, he should

All of these answers are correct.

Arranged in random order below are a main point, two subpoints, and two sub-subpoints from a speech preparation outline. Which is the main point?

Phobias can develop either in childhood or adulthood.

Although most people speak at a rate of 120 to 180 words a minute, the brain can process words at a rate of

400 to 500 words a minute.

Nonverbal communication includes a speaker's

All answers are correct.

Your textbook recommends that when you deliver your first speech, you should make an effort to

All of these answers are correct.

According to your textbook, the skilled extemporaneous speaker

All the answers are correct.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech?

Ask family members or friends for feedback.

When Sophia attended the first discussion section for her math class and heard her instructor begin speaking with an unfamiliar accent, she immediately decided, "I won't learn anything from this teacher." Sophia failed to uphold which guideline for ethical listening?

Avoid prejudging the speaker.

Newspaper and periodical databases...

Both catalog articles from a large number of newspapers, journals, and magazines and often provide abstracts and full texts of articles.

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to improve your listening?

Suspend judgment until you hear all the speaker has to say.

Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to avoid plagiarism?

Get an early start on researching and preparing your speech.

Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of extemporaneous delivery?

It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript.

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement for a classroom speech: "Should juvenile prisons be eliminated?"

It is stated as a question rather than as an infinitive phrase (to + verb).

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

Research shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages to day care.

According to your textbook, __________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects.

abstract

If you wanted to summarize the steps of a process in a speech, the best kind of visual aid to use would probably be a

chart

According to your textbook, brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble

choosing a speech topic.

When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in

chronological order.

When taking research notes, you should

distinguish among quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas.

"To explain how to write an effective job resumé" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement because it

does not include a reference to the audience.

As your textbook explains, connotative meaning gives words their __________ power.

emotional

According to your textbook, if you quoted Steven Covey, a professor at Brigham Young University and author of The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, on the principles of effective time management, what kind of testimony would you be using?

expert

According to your textbook, when you use statistics in a speech, you should

explain the statistics to the audience.

According to your textbook, visual aids are most effective when they are

explained clearly and concise.

Lucy wanted to know what percentage of students plan to attend graduate or professional schools after college, so she distributed a survey in three (Only 3? Only 3 on an entire college campus??) of her classes. Based on the results, Lucy concluded that nearly a third of college students plan to continue their education further. What is wrong with the way Lucy used the statistics from her survey?

Lucy's sample isn't representative of college students as a whole.

To paraphrase is to

give the gist of someone's statement in your own words.

The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook are

global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism.

According to your textbook, "Now that you know about Julio's interest in photography, let's look at his passion for snowboarding" is an example of a

transition

As explained in your textbook, the two major functions of a speech conclusion are to

signal the end of the speech and reinforce the speaker's central idea.

According to your textbook, "My second point is ..." is an example of a(n)

signpost

"Memories are like fingerprints—no two sets are ever the same" is an example of

simile

When using a visual aid in a speech, you should display the aid

so everyone in the room can see it.

"Conversational quality" in speech delivery means that the speech

sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed.

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement for a classroom speech: "To inform my audience about the solar system."

It's too general.

It is the __________ of your voice that reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic.

inflection

According to your textbook, the speaking outline

is used to jog a speaker's memory during the speech.

The denotative meaning of a word is

its literal or dictionary meaning.

The preliminary bibliography

lists each source that looks as if it might be helpful in speech.

According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the front of the room is

looking directly at the audience without saying a word.

According to your textbook, a common mistake students make when developing their first speech is

trying to cover too much material.

If an Internet document identifies its author but says nothing about her or his qualifications, your textbook recommends that you

type the author's name into the Google search box.

Both a preparation outline and a speaking outline should

use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation.

To give statistics greater impact, a speaker should

use statistics sparingly.

One way to build confidence as a speaker is to create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech. According to your textbook, this process is called...

visualization

A(n) __________ is a research aid that catalogs articles from a large number of scholarly journals.

academic database

Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech. When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who had already taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya's actions?

Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism.

Giving excessive attention to the details of a speech is an example of

listening too hard.

The __________ expresses precisely what you hope to accomplish with your speech. Think of what you'd like your audience to know or do after your speech.

specific purpose

The connotative meaning of a word is

what the word suggests or implies.

Natasha and Ramone are listening to a realtor who is encouraging them to buy a house they looked at earlier in the day. As they listen, they are trying to decide whether or not to purchase the house. According to your textbook, Natahsa and Ramone are engaged in __________ listening.

critical

"Denying a college education to children of undocumented immigrants is like cutting off your nose to spite your face" is a poorly phrased central idea for a persuasive speech because it is

expressed in figurative language.

As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more

formal

"Our mission is to right wrong, to do justice, and to serve humanity" is an example of

parallelism

Advocating a position is most appropriate when the general purpose of your speech is to

persuade

Problem-solution order is most appropriate for organizing __________speeches.

persuasive

When speaking from a manuscript, you should

practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural.

According to your textbook, each of the following is a way of gaining the audience's attention and interest except

previewing the body of the speech.

The main value of using statistics in a speech is to

quantify the speaker's ideas.

Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to reinforce the central idea in a speech conclusion?

Refer back to the introduction.

"To inform my audience about the contributions of Navajo code talkers to the U.S. military during World War II" is an example of a

specific purpose.

The __________ is the group that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

sponsoring organization

A listener's ethical obligation to avoid prejudging a speaker means that a listener should

strive to understand the speaker before criticizing his or her ideas.

Language helps to shape our sense of reality by

giving meaning to events.

For his informative speech, Douglas told his classmates how to get free food at a drive-through restaurant. Rather than focusing on legitimate deals, such as student discounts or coupons, Douglas talked about ways to trick employees into believing you had already paid for food when you had not. His instructor gave the speech a poor grade because it violated the ethical criteria for public speaking presented in your textbook. The guideline Douglas violated was:

Make sure your goals are ethically sound.

When choosing fonts for a PowerPoint slide, you should usually use

None of the answers is correct.

Here are the main points for a persuasive speech on the dangers of a cyber attack on the U.S. power grid. 1. The nation's electrical power grid is in increasing danger of a cyber attack that would shut down the country. 2. This problem can only be solved by extensive cooperation between government and industry. These main points are arranged in __________ order.

Problem-solution

When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually

complete the introduction after the body of the speech.

Julia is listening to her meteorology professor explain how to interpret images from Doppler radar. Because Julia's goal is to understand the information being presented, she is engaged in __________ listening.

comprehensive

A representative from the FBI visited Marshall's criminology class to talk about new communications technology. When Marshall saw that the speaker was a middle-aged woman, he couldn't concentrate on anything she said. He had been expecting the speaker to be young, and he kept thinking to himself, "What could someone her age know about the latest technology?" According to your textbook, what aspect of poor listening was Marshall exhibiting?

focusing on personal appearance

Because every person has a unique __________ based on his or her own knowledge, experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

frame of reference

According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material is used in the following speech excerpt: Imagine yourself driving down the freeway on your way to work. You see lights flashing in your rear-view mirror. You turn to see the police officer pulling you over. Were you speeding? No, says the officer, but he needs to search your vehicle as part of a new program to stop drug trafficking. Does he have a warrant? He says he doesn't need one. You protest, but the officer carries out his search anyway. The officer finds nothing, but by the time he is done, you are very late for work.

hypothetical example

Ted is listening to the introduction of Janine's speech when he thinks to himself, "Man, this is really going to be boring." What aspect of poor listening identified in your textbook is Ted exhibiting in this example?

jumping to conclusions

According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic?

knowledge, interest, and attitude

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?

the audience's attitude toward the topic

Which of the following organizational patterns is used more than any other method of speech organization because of its applicability to almost any subject?

topical

Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points. I. Caused by the bite of infected mosquitoes, West Nile virus has spread throughout the United States. II. The effects of West Nile virus include flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling of the brain, and, in some cases, death.

causal

As your textbook explains, the means by which a message is communicated is termed the

channel

According to your textbook, skilled listeners do not try to absorb a speaker's every word. Rather, they focus on three major aspects of a speech. Those aspects include

All of these answers are correct.

According to your textbook, when evaluating statistics you should ask whether they

All of these answers are correct.

According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a preparation outline?

All of these answers are correct.

As your textbook explains, signposts are especially useful for

Both focusing attention on key ideas and indicating exactly where you are in a speech.

Which of the following does your textbook mention as a means of reinforcing the central idea in the conclusion of a speech?

End with a quotation.

According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?

It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

Researchers are working on ways to use the iris as a means of identification.

Ryan located three excellent sources for his persuasive speech. He copied long sections from each source word for word, strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing. Which of the following statements best describes Ryan's situation?

Ryan is guilty of patchwork plagiarism.

Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." Then she provided the correct date. The rest of her speech went well, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about?

There is no such thing as a perfect speech.

When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is

a way to make a difference in something we care about.

According to your textbook, when you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material

after the speech.

If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the subject of mandatory retirement, the most demographic important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its

age.

For her first speech, Rebekah plans to explain her interest in gymnastics beginning with her childhood and continuing through her days in high school. Which pattern of organization discussed in your textbook will she use in her speech?

chronological

According to your textbook, transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts are examples of

connectives.

According to your textbook, the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction of a speech is to

get the interest and attention of the audience.

In a speech about valley fever, a potentially deadly disease that has reached serious proportions in several southwestern states, a speaker said: After being plagued by asthma attacks in Hawaii for six years, Lori Crown hoped to find relief by moving to the dryer climate in Bakersfield, California. A few months after arriving in Bakersfield, Crown was suffering from severe headaches, swollen feet, painful bumps on her hands and legs, and a prolonged fever. The diagnosis—valley fever. To combat the disease, Crown has to take fluconazole, an antifungal drug that costs $685 for a one-month supply of pills. Although the drug helps, Crown still gets painful headaches, frequent fevers, and debilitating fatigue. "It's so frustrating," Crown says. "One day I'll feel fine, then I'll be in bed for the next three." Most days she wishes she had stayed in Hawaii. According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material is used in this statement?

extended example

As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to

gain a desired response from listeners.

You are giving a speech on a community building project to a local service organization at its monthly luncheon. Dessert dishes are being cleared away as you walk into the overcrowded, overheated room. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience would probably be the

physical setting for your speech.

A __________ graph is best suited to illustrating the relationship among parts of a whole.

pie

Two types of speech outlines discussed in your textbook are the

preparation outline and the speaking outline.

Encyclopedias, yearbooks, biographical aids, and quotation books are all examples of

reference works.

Even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always

relate the topic to the audience.

When making up an audience-analysis questionnaire, you should use __________ questions to get at the strength of a respondent's attitudes or feelings.

scale

Antonio is researching his informative speech on Stonehenge. According to your textbook, Antonio should

All of these answers are correct.

As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when

All of these answers are correct.

As your textbook explains, examples help a speaker

All of these answers are correct.

Assad was giving an interesting speech about the earliest astronomical observatories—a subject he was very excited about—when he misidentified the founder of the Istanbul observatory. When he realized his mistake, he corrected it, but then he felt flustered and wasn't as confident for the rest of his speech. What advice from your textbook should Asad keep in mind?

All of these answers are correct.

When listening for a speaker's evidence, you should keep an ear out for its

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as ways to help narrow a Google search to make it more effective?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend for preparing main points?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do in the conclusion of your first speech?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following does your textbook say you should do when preparing PowerPoint slides?

All the answers are correct.

Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Madison decided to give her informative speech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about it and was comfortable speaking to an audience, she didn't spend much time preparing. As a result, her speech was poorly organized, ran overtime, and did not have a clear message. Which guideline for ethical public speaking discussed in your textbook did Madison fail to live up to?

Be fully prepared for each speech.

Which of the following are included in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking?

Be honest in what you say, be fully prepared for each speech, and make sure your goals are ethically sound.

Which of the following words is the most concrete and specific?

Beatles

According to your textbook, pauses

Both can lend dramatic impact to a statement when they are well timed and should occur at the ends of thought units, not in the middle.

Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a guideline for a preparation outline?

Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.

In the midst of a speech about tsunamis, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on the faces of her listeners. In response, she says, "Let me explain that point again to make sure it's clear." When this happens, the speaker is

adapting to feedback.

When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra _________, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

adrenaline

Rosalie will be giving a persuasive speech on organ donation and wants to distribute organ-donor cards to her listeners. When should she distribute the cards?

after she has finished speaking

If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about the war in Vietnam, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be the

age of the audience.

Zhu wants to create concern among her listeners about the dangers to civil liberties posed by government surveillance. She has decided to use words with strong connotative meanings because she knows they will help her

arouse an emotional response.

Tobias began his informative speech by saying: You hear a noise under the hood of your car, so you pull over to the side of the road. Your engine goes dead; you try to start the car, but it just sits there. Then you see a lot of black smoke. What's happened? Why won't your car go anywhere? What method for gaining attention and interest did Tobias use?

arousing the curiosity of the audience

What are the three criteria discussed in your textbook for assessing the soundness of documents found on the Internet?

authorship, sponsorship, and recency

A __________ graph is best suited for showing comparisons between two or more items.

bar

As your textbook explains, ethnocentrism means

believing one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

"The three main methods of harvesting trees in professional logging are selective cutting, clear cutting, and row thinning" is an example of a

central idea.

According to your textbook, when people in one region of the country say "greazy," while people in another region of the country say "greasy," the difference is a matter of

dialect

According to your textbook, when a speaker concludes a speech by fading out on an emotional note, he or she is using a __________ ending.

dissolve

Enzo is giving a speech in his art history course. He has carefully prepared his presentation and plans to deliver it from a brief set of note cards. What kind of delivery is Enzo using?

extemporaneous

According to your textbook, when you prepare speaking notes for your first speech, you should

make sure the notes can be read at arm's length.

Which objective of a good speech introduction is fulfilled by the following statement? Today we will explore the three most important forms of intellectual property protection—copyrights, trademarks, and patents.

preview the body

"When Serena Williams got her first tennis racquet, it was like Picasso getting his first paint brush."

simile

As explained in your textbook, _____________ audience analysis usually builds on demographic audience analysis.

situational