DCF Theorist

What are some examples of Self-Esteem?

*Adequacy *Confidence *Importance *Sense of efficiency,capability,resilency,hopefulness *Ability to cope and problem solve

What are examples of a Physical need?

*Air to breathe *Shelter to protect *Water to drink *Food to eat *Clothes to wear *Health care

What does the heirarchy of needs mean to you as a child care professional?

*Basic needs must be met first,when not met,the child's self worth suffers. *Neglect can occur at all levels,not just basic needs.All needs are important. *Child care professionals need to be aware of the family circumstances to understand what needs are beig met at home.

What were some of Vygotsky's major theory ideas?

*Children acquire knowledge through culture. *Children learn through problem solving experiences shared with a knowledgeable abult or peer. *A child can perform a task under adult guidance or with peer collaboartion that could not be achieved alone. Vygotsky called this the zone of proximal and claimed that learning occured in this zone.

What are some hints to help you remember Erikson's theory?

*E. Erikson contains 8 letters---8 stages *E.E.= two "E's" playing together---social behaviors *Focus on emotional and personality development. *Major conflict at each stage and how they are dealt with affect development.

What are signs of formal operations?

*Early high-school schildren learn about their world through constructing and solving problems. *Begin to think about thinking *Think in abstract terms *Make educated guesses

How do you create a positive environment for children in your care?

*Ensure learning centers have ample space for movement. *Reduce the number of transitions throughout the day. *Ensure the environment feels safe for the child. *Provide activities that are slightly challenging to the child. *Provide activities to increase development without causing frustration.

What are the signs of sensorimotor?

*Explore their world through senses and motor skills. *Understand the world by physically manipulating objects. *Trial and error problem solving *Object permanence child does not know that physical objects remain in existence when out of sight.

What are some examples of Self-Actualizing?

*Fulfill one's life purpose and meaning *Being all that one is able to be *Spirituality *Personal emotional response *Refinement of interpersonal skills

How can child care professionals use the information from vygotsky's theory?

*Give them things within in their range of ability *Pair children up

What are some hints that will help you remember Maslows's theory?

*If you close the "M" at the bottom, it will form triangles or pyramids. *Maslow studies human needs. *What motivates children to act the way they do? Needs being met.

What are signs of concrete-operational?

*Older school-age children learn about their world by applying logic. *Deal with changes and process *Are able to make relationships about why things happen. *Understand how things relate to one another

What are signs of preoperational?

*Preschoolers and early school-age children learn about their world through their actions. *Uses symbols to mentally represent objects. *Increase development of language and concepts. *Reasoning may be illogical and not sequential. *Egocentric thought processes

What are examples of Comfort and Saftey?

*Safety *Security *Stability *Transportation *Safe relationships *Child care

What is the meaning of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?

*Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves. *When autonomy is allowed a person can become comfortable with his/her choices. *A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame or insecurity.

What is the meaning of Trust vs. Conflict

*Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent,comforting environment. *When needs are met,trust is established. *Trust builds a emotional foundation. *A lack of trust can result in proor emotional stability.

Children should be exposed to a wide variety of concrete experiences such as?

*Use of manipulative field trips and working in groups to help them learn

What is the meaning of Initiative vs. Guilt?

*When initiative is encourged,a person experiments within one's environment. *4 or 5 year olds begin to develop an interest in exploring beyond themselves. *Children who can't explore will be prone to guilt for their actions. *A lack of industry can result in a feeling of low self worth.

What are the Four Stages of Cognitive Development?

1- Sensorimotor (0-2 years) 2- Preoperational (2-7 years) 3-Concrete-operational (7-11 years) 4-Formal Operations (11+ years)

According to Piaget,children develop the ability to learn in how many basic stages?

4

When you plan developmentally appropriate learning activities what is important to keep in mind?

A child's stage of cognitive development

What is a theory?

A set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena(a fact or behavior that can be observed)

Moving successfully through each of Erikson's stages results in what?

A strong social and emotional life.

In each of Jean Piaget's stages what does development focus on?

Acquiring a diffrent set of related characteristics and abilities.

What is scaffolding?

An instrumental technique where a person interacting with the child assumes more responsibility for guiding the learning. As the child learns,the responsibility is gradually transferred to him.

How is Erik Erikson recognized?

As a development pyschologist who can be compared to Sigmund Freud because of his theory that humans develop in stages.

What is the second conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years)

How can you resolve conflicts and create a resilient social and emotional life?

By encouraging trust, autonomy, initiative, and industry.

What are each of Erikson's stages called?

Conflicts

What are two primary instructional techniques that are based on Piaget's theory?

Discovery learning and supporting the developing interests of children.

responses

Do not influence the child's by your presence.

How many levels does Maslow's hierarchy have?

Five

Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in what?

Fulfilling one's life with purpose and meaning.

Erik Erikson developed what?

He developed eight pyschosocial stages through which humans develop throughout their entire lifetime. It is called the Eight Conflicts in Emotional Development.

What did Lev Vygotsky develop?

He developed the social development theory of learning

What is Jean Piaget most known for?

His work on the psychology of intelligence.

What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)

What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 5 years)

What does Erikson's theory mean to a child care professional?

It means they can: *Create relationships with children based on trust. *Allow children to exercise autonomy whenever safe and practical. *Guide children to initiate activity or portions of activities whenever safe and practical. *Promote the building of your children's creativity during activities.

What was Jean Piaget interested in?

Learning how children develop an intellectual understanding of the world.

What are the 5 levels of Maslows hierarchy?

Level 1-Physical Level 2-Comfort and Saftey Level 3- Social Level 4-Self-esteem Level 5-Self-Actualizing

What did Lev Vygotsky theorize?

That social and cultural interaction are the primary sources of learning and behavior.

What is Jean Piaget's theory called?

The Four Stages of Cognitive Development

What was Jean Piaget's theory based on?

The concept of cognitive structures. These structures are patterns of physical or mental action that underlie acts of intelligence and correspond to stages of child development.

Abraham Maslow developed what?

The hierarchy of human needs

How does knowledge of Jean Piaget's four stages help you the child care provider?

The stages help you understand how babies and children may percieve their envirnment.

Why don't we study Erikson's Conflicts 5-8?

They are important in the study of human development,but they are less significant in child development,because Erikson believes that they occur after the age of 12.

What does Piaget assume about humans?

They take the information that they recieve and process it,then react to it.

What is the first conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented at?

Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)

Where must Learning environments be developed?

Where children play an active role in their own education as well as the educatiom of their peers. The adult collaborates with children in order to create meaing in ways that childrencan make their own.

What does Piaget's theory help you understand?

Why children make thinking "mistakes"

Do the lower levels of needs have to be met before higher needs can be accomplished?

Yes