Dev Psych Module 4: Test 4

During _____, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles.

A psychological moratorium Rationale: During a psychological moratorium, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles. See 12-1: Development of Identity: "Who Am I?" Development of Identity: "Who Am I?"

Which of the following statements best describes a clique?

A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests Rationale: A clique refers to a small group of individuals who hang around together and who share activities and confidences. See 12-2: Relationships with Parents and Peers Relationships with Parents and Peers

Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging?

Bulimia nervosa Rationale: Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging. Binge eating often follows on the heels of dieting. See 11-2: Health in Adolescence Health in Adolescence

In the _________ of Stage 5, it is recognized that laws stem from agreed-on procedures and that many rights have great value and should not be violated.

Contractual, legalistic orientation Rationale: In the contractual, legalistic orientation of Stage 5, it is recognized that laws stem from agreed-on procedures and that many rights have great value and should not be violated. See 11-5: Moral Development Moral Development

In Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop:

Ego identity Rationale: Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is called ego identity versus role diffusion. The primary task is for adolescents to develop ego identity: a sense of who they are and what they stand for. See 12-1: Development of Identity: "Who Am I?" Development of Identity: "Who Am I?"

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, associated with adolescence, is called ego integrity versus despair.

False Rationale: Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is called ego identity versus role diffusion. See 12-1: Development of Identity: "Who Am I?" Development of Identity: "Who Am I?"

During the adolescent growth spurt, boys develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for girls.

False Rationale: Girls' and boys' body shapes begin to differ in adolescence. Girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys. See 11-1: Puberty: The Biological Eruption Puberty: The Biological Eruption

The stage of _____ is the top level in Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory.

Formal operations Rationale: The stage of formal operations is the top level in Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory. Adolescents in this stage have reached cognitive maturity, even if rough edges remain. See 11-3: Cognitive Development: Piaget's Stage of Formal Operations Cognitive Development: Piaget's Stage of Formal Operations

Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to _________ .

Have better mental health Rationale: Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to be more competent. They are more self-reliant, do better in school, have better mental health, and show the lowest incidence of psychological problems and misconduct, including drug use. See 12-2: Relationships with Parents and Peers Relationships with Parents and Peers

Teenagers who _____ are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age.

Have close relationships with their parents Rationale: Teenagers who have close relationships with their parents are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age. See 12-3: Sexuality Sexuality

Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa, _____.

Is connected with irregular menstrual cycles Rationale: Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa, is connected with irregular menstrual cycles and tends to afflict females during adolescence and young adulthood. Eating disorders are upsetting and dangerous in themselves, but are also connected with depression. See 11-2: Health in Adolescence Health in Adolescence

In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 5?

It is recognized that many rights have great value and should not be violated Rationale: In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional levels of moral development, In stage 5, it is recognized that laws stem from agreed-on procedures and that many rights have great value and should not be violated. See 11-5: Moral Development Moral Development

Essay 2 Prompt:

List Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development. Include the name of each level of morality with a short description and each stage within each level with a short description.

According to Kohlberg, the _____ is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards.

Postconventional level Rationale: According to Kohlberg, the postconventional level is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards. See 11-5: Moral Development Moral Development

Children in early childhood tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments. Lawrence Kohlberg referred to such judgments as _____.

Preconventional Rationale: Children in early childhood tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments. Lawrence Kohlberg referred to such judgments as preconventional. See 11-5: Moral Development Moral Development

The onset of adolescence coincides with the advent of _____.

Puberty Rationale: The onset of adolescence coincides with the advent of puberty. Puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce. See 11-1: Puberty: The Biological Eruption Puberty: The Biological Eruption

Essay 2 Prompt:

Read the following moral dilemma. How might someone from the Postconventional level of morality address this dilemma? In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. the drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $400 for the radium and charged $4,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money and tried every legal means, but he could only get together about $2,000, which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said, "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from if." So, having tried every legal means, Heinz gets desperate and considers breaking into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife.

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of:

Rules and laws Rationale: In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws. See 11-5: Moral Development Moral Development

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem?

Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13 Rationale: Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13. See 12-1: Development of Identity: "Who Am I?" Development of Identity: "Who Am I?"

Which of the following hormones is associated with sexual behavior in adolescent boys?

Testosterone Rationale: In boys, levels of testosterone are associated with sexual behavior. See 12-3: Sexuality Sexuality

A strong sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents.

True Rationale: A strong sense of identity is associated with high self-esteem in adolescents. See 12-1: Development of Identity: "Who Am I?" Development of Identity: "Who Am I?"

In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.

True Rationale: In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards. Moral judgments are derived from personal values, not from conventional standards or authority figures. See 11-5: Moral Development Moral Development