development chapter 2 assignment 2

The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?

1

When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______

100

Approximately how many months after conception is the fetus about three inches long, actively moving its arms and legs and head, and exhibiting a distinguishable face, forehead, eyelid, nose and chin? (At this stage, however, the mother cannot yet feel the arms and legs moving.)

3

The face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin are distinguishable ___ months after conception.

3

Kiley has just felt a quick flutter feeling from her baby's movements. This information tells us that Kiley would probably be in her ___ month of her

4th

Before the ______ month of pregnancy, a fetus is unlikely to survive outside the womb

6th

___ is an STD that is caused by the HIV virus, which destorys the bodys immune system. This infection can infect the baby in 3 ways. 1. across the placenta during gestation 2. through contact with maternal blood or fluids during delivery 3. through breast feeding

AIDS

What is it called when individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed?

Heredity-environment correlations

__ __ is an extra x chromosome that causes physical abnormalities

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

___-___ ___ is defined as the deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system

Tay-Sachs disease

when a mutated gene is carried on the X chromosome, if the result is called an

X-linked inheritance

___ ___ an extra Y chromosome can cause above-average height

XYY

______ genotype-environment correlations occur when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.

active

an __ __ is a study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, of more life their biological parents, who contribute their heredity

adoption study

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ___

amnion

Research indicates that high doses of nonprescription ______ can be harmful during pregnancy.

aspirin

______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.

behavior geneticists

___ ___ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development

behavior genetics

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the ___

blastocyst

__ __ is defined as the glandular dysfunction that interferes with the mucus production; breathing, and digestion are hampered, resulting in a shortened life span

cystic fibrosis

___ is defined as when the body does not produce enough insulin, which causes abnormal metabolism of sugar

diabetes

The specialization of cells, also known as cell ____, begins the week after conception.

differentiation

if one gene of a pair exerts its effects over the other, it is

dominant

The genetic disorder that occurs more often in the children of mothers who are pregnant when younger than 16 and older than 34 is called what?

down syndrome

___ is an extra chromosome the causes mild to severe intellectual disabilities and physical abnormailites

down syndrome

The embryo's outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts, is known as the ___

ectoderm

After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ___

embryo

Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n) ___

embryo

Organogenesis takes place primarily during the ______ period.

embryonic

the ___ ___ is the period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception

embryonic period

The ______ is the inner layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems.

endoderm

The lower layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system, is called the ___

endoderm

the ___ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment

epigenetic

___ ___-___ ___ occurs because a childs characteristics elicit certain types of environments. Ex. active, smiling children receive more social stimulation than passive quiet children do

evocative genotype-environment correlations

during ___, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote

fertilization

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the ___ period

fetal

the ___ ___, which lasts about seven months, is the prenatal period that extends from two months after conception until birth in typical pregnancies

fetal period

____ is a B-complex vitamin that is important for normal prenatal development. Multiple choice question.

folic acid

___ ___ syndrome is an abnormality in the X chromosome that can cause intellectual and learning disabilities, along with a short attention span

fragile x

The notion that heredity and surroundings interact to influence development is known as the ______.

gene x environment interaction

The interaction of a specific measured variable in DNA and a specific measured aspect of one's surroundings is known as the ______

gene x environment interaction (G x E)

Conditions such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia are produced by ____

gene-linked abnormalities

Evocative genotype-environment correlations occur because a child's ______ elicit certain types of environments.

genetically-influenced characteristics

the genetic makeup of a gene is called the ___

genotype

the __ __ is the period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks of conception

germinal period

___ is the delayed blood clotting which causes internal and external bleeding

hemophilia

Dr. Turner is studying shyness. He finds that Blake and Luke, identical twins, are more alike in terms of level of inhibition than are Sam and Carl, who are fraternal twins. His research indicates that ______ plays an important role in shyness.

heredity

Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of ______.

heredity-environment correlations

___ ___ is when the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscles coordination and mental deterioration

huntington disease

Approximately 11 to 15 days after conception, ______ takes place

implantation

The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______

implantation

in general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ___

it occurs earlier in the pregnancy

___ genes are those that make the individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age

longevity

___ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm

meiosis

during ___, a cell of the tests or ovaries duplicates its chromosomes but then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half of the genetic material of the parent cell.

meiosis

The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles, is called the ___

mesoderm

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______

mitosis

all cells in our body, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called ___

mitosis

during ___, the cells nucleus- including the chromosomes- duplicates itself and the cell divides

mitosis

a ___ gene is marked by cellular damage from an environmental agent such as radiation

mutated

___-___ refers to finding a setting that is suited to one's abilites

niche-picking

The process of organ development during the first 2 months of prenatal development is known as ___

organogenesis

___ ___-___ ___ occurs because biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child

passive genotype-environment correlations

Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's ______

phenotype

____ (___) is the metabolic disorder that, left untreated, causes intellectual disability -inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid

phenylkentonuria (PKU)

The ___ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join

placenta

Most characteristics are determined by the interaction of many different genes; they are determined by ____ inheritance.

polygenic

___ ___ occurs when characteristics reflect the influence of many different genes

polygenic inheritance

___ ___ occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Often the genes are large in quantity but small in effect

polygenic inheritance

a gene whose effects are masked in the presence of the dominant gene are called

recessive

_____ ___ is the blood disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply; it can cause joint swelling, as well as heart and kidney failure -occurs most often in african americans

sickle-cell anemia

Sudden infant death syndrome, preterm births and low birth weights, respiratory problems, and fetal and neonatal deaths are more common among the offspring of mothers who ___ during pregnancy.

smoke

___ ___ is the neutral tube disorder that cause brain and spine abnormalities

spina bifida

____ genes are those that make the individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or accelerated aging

susceptibility

___ ( a sexually transmitted infection) is more damaging laster in prenatal development-4 months or more after conception. Damage includes eye lesions, which cause blindness, and skin lesions

syphilis

Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______

teratogen

The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the ___

trophoblast

The outer layer of cells surrounding a blastocyst that eventually provides nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______

trophoblast

True or false: An X-linked disease is more likely to harm men than women.

true

___ ___ is a missing x chromosome in females that can cause intellectual disabilities and sexual underdevelopment

turner syndrome

a ___ ___ is a study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins

twin study

behavior geneticists use ___ to research the effects of environment and heredity

twins

Fatty tissues develop, various organ systems function more regularly, and the fetus grows longer and gains about four pounds during the last ______ of pregnancy

two months

Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___ ___ connects the baby to the placenta

umbilical cord

the human genetic process creates several important sources of ___

variability

in a ____, the 23 unpaired chromosomes from the egg and the 23 from the sperm combine to form one set of 23 pairs paired chromosomes

zygote