development chapter 2 assignment 2
The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?
1
When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______
100
Approximately how many months after conception is the fetus about three inches long, actively moving its arms and legs and head, and exhibiting a distinguishable face, forehead, eyelid, nose and chin? (At this stage, however, the mother cannot yet feel the arms and legs moving.)
3
The face, forehead, eyelids, nose, and chin are distinguishable ___ months after conception.
3
Kiley has just felt a quick flutter feeling from her baby's movements. This information tells us that Kiley would probably be in her ___ month of her
4th
Before the ______ month of pregnancy, a fetus is unlikely to survive outside the womb
6th
___ is an STD that is caused by the HIV virus, which destorys the bodys immune system. This infection can infect the baby in 3 ways. 1. across the placenta during gestation 2. through contact with maternal blood or fluids during delivery 3. through breast feeding
AIDS
What is it called when individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed?
Heredity-environment correlations
__ __ is an extra x chromosome that causes physical abnormalities
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
___-___ ___ is defined as the deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system
Tay-Sachs disease
when a mutated gene is carried on the X chromosome, if the result is called an
X-linked inheritance
___ ___ an extra Y chromosome can cause above-average height
XYY
______ genotype-environment correlations occur when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating.
active
an __ __ is a study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provided a home environment, of more life their biological parents, who contribute their heredity
adoption study
The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ___
amnion
Research indicates that high doses of nonprescription ______ can be harmful during pregnancy.
aspirin
______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.
behavior geneticists
___ ___ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development
behavior genetics
Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the ___
blastocyst
__ __ is defined as the glandular dysfunction that interferes with the mucus production; breathing, and digestion are hampered, resulting in a shortened life span
cystic fibrosis
___ is defined as when the body does not produce enough insulin, which causes abnormal metabolism of sugar
diabetes
The specialization of cells, also known as cell ____, begins the week after conception.
differentiation
if one gene of a pair exerts its effects over the other, it is
dominant
The genetic disorder that occurs more often in the children of mothers who are pregnant when younger than 16 and older than 34 is called what?
down syndrome
___ is an extra chromosome the causes mild to severe intellectual disabilities and physical abnormailites
down syndrome
The embryo's outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts, is known as the ___
ectoderm
After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ___
embryo
Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n) ___
embryo
Organogenesis takes place primarily during the ______ period.
embryonic
the ___ ___ is the period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception
embryonic period
The ______ is the inner layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems.
endoderm
The lower layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system, is called the ___
endoderm
the ___ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment
epigenetic
___ ___-___ ___ occurs because a childs characteristics elicit certain types of environments. Ex. active, smiling children receive more social stimulation than passive quiet children do
evocative genotype-environment correlations
during ___, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote
fertilization
The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the ___ period
fetal
the ___ ___, which lasts about seven months, is the prenatal period that extends from two months after conception until birth in typical pregnancies
fetal period
____ is a B-complex vitamin that is important for normal prenatal development. Multiple choice question.
folic acid
___ ___ syndrome is an abnormality in the X chromosome that can cause intellectual and learning disabilities, along with a short attention span
fragile x
The notion that heredity and surroundings interact to influence development is known as the ______.
gene x environment interaction
The interaction of a specific measured variable in DNA and a specific measured aspect of one's surroundings is known as the ______
gene x environment interaction (G x E)
Conditions such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia are produced by ____
gene-linked abnormalities
Evocative genotype-environment correlations occur because a child's ______ elicit certain types of environments.
genetically-influenced characteristics
the genetic makeup of a gene is called the ___
genotype
the __ __ is the period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks of conception
germinal period
___ is the delayed blood clotting which causes internal and external bleeding
hemophilia
Dr. Turner is studying shyness. He finds that Blake and Luke, identical twins, are more alike in terms of level of inhibition than are Sam and Carl, who are fraternal twins. His research indicates that ______ plays an important role in shyness.
heredity
Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of ______.
heredity-environment correlations
___ ___ is when the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscles coordination and mental deterioration
huntington disease
Approximately 11 to 15 days after conception, ______ takes place
implantation
The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______
implantation
in general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ___
it occurs earlier in the pregnancy
___ genes are those that make the individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age
longevity
___ is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm
meiosis
during ___, a cell of the tests or ovaries duplicates its chromosomes but then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half of the genetic material of the parent cell.
meiosis
The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles, is called the ___
mesoderm
During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______
mitosis
all cells in our body, other than eggs and sperm, reproduce through a process called ___
mitosis
during ___, the cells nucleus- including the chromosomes- duplicates itself and the cell divides
mitosis
a ___ gene is marked by cellular damage from an environmental agent such as radiation
mutated
___-___ refers to finding a setting that is suited to one's abilites
niche-picking
The process of organ development during the first 2 months of prenatal development is known as ___
organogenesis
___ ___-___ ___ occurs because biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child
passive genotype-environment correlations
Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friend's ______
phenotype
____ (___) is the metabolic disorder that, left untreated, causes intellectual disability -inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid
phenylkentonuria (PKU)
The ___ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join
placenta
Most characteristics are determined by the interaction of many different genes; they are determined by ____ inheritance.
polygenic
___ ___ occurs when characteristics reflect the influence of many different genes
polygenic inheritance
___ ___ occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Often the genes are large in quantity but small in effect
polygenic inheritance
a gene whose effects are masked in the presence of the dominant gene are called
recessive
_____ ___ is the blood disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply; it can cause joint swelling, as well as heart and kidney failure -occurs most often in african americans
sickle-cell anemia
Sudden infant death syndrome, preterm births and low birth weights, respiratory problems, and fetal and neonatal deaths are more common among the offspring of mothers who ___ during pregnancy.
smoke
___ ___ is the neutral tube disorder that cause brain and spine abnormalities
spina bifida
____ genes are those that make the individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or accelerated aging
susceptibility
___ ( a sexually transmitted infection) is more damaging laster in prenatal development-4 months or more after conception. Damage includes eye lesions, which cause blindness, and skin lesions
syphilis
Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______
teratogen
The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the ___
trophoblast
The outer layer of cells surrounding a blastocyst that eventually provides nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______
trophoblast
True or false: An X-linked disease is more likely to harm men than women.
true
___ ___ is a missing x chromosome in females that can cause intellectual disabilities and sexual underdevelopment
turner syndrome
a ___ ___ is a study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins
twin study
behavior geneticists use ___ to research the effects of environment and heredity
twins
Fatty tissues develop, various organ systems function more regularly, and the fetus grows longer and gains about four pounds during the last ______ of pregnancy
two months
Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___ ___ connects the baby to the placenta
umbilical cord
the human genetic process creates several important sources of ___
variability
in a ____, the 23 unpaired chromosomes from the egg and the 23 from the sperm combine to form one set of 23 pairs paired chromosomes
zygote