Developmental Psychology (Ch. 16)
A turning point in life may be triggered by a midlife
-divorce from a spouse. -death of a spouse. -major illness of a parent.
In the timing-of-events model, many midlife adults define themselves as
-grandparents. -parents. -parental caregivers.
Johnny just turned 41 and has been reviewing his life and feels that he has not become the man he thought he would. Johnny could be experiencing which of the following?
-identity crisis -midlife crisis -stagnation
Select all of the themes associated with social convoy theory:
-keep people close for assistance -keep people for closeness -keep people close for social support
Friendships in midlife often revolve around which of the following?
-neighborhoods -parenting -work
A form of parental relationship that takes place when children are adults is
-tightly knit. -social. -intimate but distant.
Which of the following are major benefits of marriage?
-wealth accumulation -social support -socioeconomic resources
In this clip, 84-year-old Paul discusses being a grandparent; he has _____ grandchildren.
13
Stanka states that she now lives _____ from her grandkids.
2 blocks
Multiple dimensions of well-being include ___ dimensions of well-being and a self-report scale.
6
Paul has been married _____ years.
63
Midlife baby boomers indicate having about ____ good friends.
7
Of people older than 65, ____ percent have grandchildren.
80
The majority of single-grandmothers raising their grandchildren are:
African American
Which of the following statements is most reflective of the relationship between trust in adolescence and parent-child relationships in adulthood?
Daughters who had experienced long-term lack of trust during adolescence were more alienated from their parents as young adults compared to sons.
According to Erik ___, generativity verus stagnation is the psychosocial conflict of middle adulthood.
Erikson
In this clip we see an example of what Erickson would argue is the "crisis" for middle adulthood, that is:
Generativity versus stagnation
Which of the following is NOT an example of one of the ways an individual can develop generativity?
Genetic generativity
Which of the following middle-aged adults is demonstrating a characteristic of ego resilience?
Grace, who often initiates humor with friends and family
Autonomy
Is self-sufficient and independent
Individuation is to ___ as generation is to ___.
Jung; Erikson
Following the "Grant Study", Vaillant concluded that which of the following is the main focus of a person in his/her forties?
Reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years
Self-acceptance
Satisfied with past choices
Most middle-aged adults have a relationship with their aging parents that is
affectionate, helpful, and attached.
In this clip Alexis and Richard discuss falling in love. He said he fell in love with her
almost immediately.
Throughout adulthood, work and personal roles
are interdependent.
An adult child's ______ is a sign of parental success.
autonomy
Using assimilation or accommodation is unhealthy; however, identity ___ is the most healthy and stable.
balance
Caregiver ___ occurs as a result of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion from caring for aging relatives.
burnout
The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as:
close
In regard to trait theory, one trait that appears to be at its highest in middle adulthood is
conscientiousness.
Pam has been diagnosed with breast cancer; she is relying on her children, friends, and significant other for support, as is described in the social _____ theory.
convoy
The adult children and aging parents with the closest relationships are usually
daughters and mothers.
According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?
determining life's goals
The finding of a recent study on divorce and relationships with grandparents revealed that when children's relationships with their father deteriorated after a divorce, their relationships with their paternal grandparents:
distant, negative, or nonexistent
Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing:
empty nest syndrome
Andrew is quite talkative and fun loving. He loves to socialize with others and enjoys being around other people. Andrew would score high on which personality factor?
extraversion
A limitation of the contemporary life-events approach is that it:
fails to address daily experiences that may also be a source of stress
A new proposed stage of life when middle-aged children learn to accept and meet their parents' dependency needs is called the period of _____ maturity.
filial
Renee has recognized her aging mother's need for help in many areas and has taken on this challenge while trying to maintain her own home and career. Renee has entered the ____ stage of life.
filial
The period during which adults learn to balance autonomy with love and duty to their parents within a two-way relationship is called a(n) _____ crisis.
filial
Marjorie sets up automatic billing for her father after he tells her that he has trouble remembering to pay his bills on time. This is an example of:
filial maturity
Tameka has just learned she is going to be a grandmother for the first time. Considering the average age of a first-time grandmother, we could guess Tameka to be ____ years old.
forty-five
In this clip 81-year-old Isabelle discusses being a grandmother. She has ____ great great grandchildren.
four
Gay men rely on ___ networks, which they actively create and maintain.
friendship
Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop ___.
generativity
When adults work to leave a legacy of themselves to the next generation, they are working toward:
generativity
At age 40, Bill is in Erikson's psychosocial stage of
generativity vs. stagnation.
Eric Erikson's seventh stage of development is
generativity vs. stagnation.
Diane recently purchased the farm she grew up on as a child. In Diane's will, she has left the farm to her children as a legacy for what her family accomplished throughout the generations. Diane is demonstrating Erikson's concept of
generativity.
Marital satisfaction usually reaches its height when children are
grown up.
For most middle-aged adults, life satisfaction is
high
Susan Whitbourne developed a theory in which identity is made up of accumulated perceptions of the self called the ______ theory.
identity process
Levinson feels that men at midlife become less obsessed with personal achievement and more concerned with
improving relationships.
According to Carl Jung, the emergence of the true self through balancing or integrating conflicting parts of the personality is called
individuation.
As Janie watches her family growing up and moving into their own homes in different states, she plans family gatherings as she plays the role of the family
innkeeper.
Having a source of information, developing a sense of self, and developing the need for emotional support are the three goals of social
interaction.
An introspective tendency during midlife is called
interiority.
Nance is a middle-aged parent that often has family gatherings that include aunts, uncles, and grandparents. Nance would be considered the family:
kinkeeper
As family members leave home and branch out, the mother tends to keep the family connected as the family
kinkeeper.
Grandma Ruth is caring for her grandson Jacob in her home. Jacob's parents live in the next town. This is called ___ care.
kinship
Men reported ___ (least/most) satisfaction with cohabitation; whereas women reported ___ (least/most) satisfaction with cohabitation.
least; most
Marital satisfaction is generally ___ (low/high) in middle age.
low
___ (Non-married/married) individuals report being healthier and tend to live longer than ___ (non-married/married) individuals.
married; non-married
A transition time at which an adult child may need to care for and give support to his or her aging parents usually happens during _____ adulthood.
middle
Carstensen's theory states that friendship groups become smaller and more intimate in ______ adulthood.
middle
The longest-lasting relationship most people have in their lives is with their
siblings.
Longitudinal studies show that psychosocial development involves
stability.
Cohabitation is increasing in middle age with the aging of
the Baby Boomers.
Janice, a stay-at-home mother for most of her adult life, is having an especially difficult time with her youngest son leaving home for college. Janice's difficulty is known as
the empty nest.
Which of the following statements is reflective of current trends in family living arrangements among middle-aged parents.
Because of uncertain economic times, the refilling of the empty nest is becoming a common occurrence.
Why are middle-aged adults sometimes described as the "sandwich" generation?
Because they must care for their adolescent and young children as well as their aging parents.
Personal growth
Believes themselves to be continuously growing all the time
Patterns of early life will _____ follow a person through to later life patterns.
not necessarily
When developmental scientists look at trajectories or pathways, they are looking at midlife from a(n) _______ perspective.
objective
Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, Jacob is in a state of:
stagnation
In today's society, many middle-aged grandparents are
still employed.
The field of narrative psychology views the development of the self as a continuous process of constructing one's life
story.
Research suggests that for most individuals, midlife is
simply one of life's turning points.
___ crisis is when adults learn to balance love and duty to their parents with autonomy.
Filial
In this clip 41-year-old Carolyn discusses having a baby after 40. Which of the following is NOT one of the difficulties she mentions about later parenthood?
Lack of financial resources
The number-one reason for divorce in middle adulthood is identified as
abuse.
Identity process theory consists of assimilation and ___ as well as perception's of one's self.
accommodation
The adjustment of a schema to fit new experiences is called identity
accommodation.
Identity ___ changes whereas; identity ___ does not change based on new experiences.
accommodation; assimilation
The two times of high levels of stress in life occur in _____ and _____; ironically, people with stress during these periods are living in the home at the same time.
adolescence; middle adulthood
In this clip Alexis and Richard discuss falling in love. She said she fell in love with him
after a month.
Joe and Jill do not find any satisfaction in their thirty-year marriage, but neither wants to give up its financial and emotional benefits. Joe and Jill are wanting to hang on to their marital
capital.
The financial and emotional benefits of marriage that are difficult to give up in divorce are called marital
capital.
Juan and Maria are taking a weekend getaway, as they are both feeling physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion from taking care of dependent parents. Juan and Maria are both feeling _____ burnout.
caregiver
A theory in which people have circles of close friends and family with varying degrees of closeness that they rely on for assistance, well-being, and social support is called the social _____ theory.
convoy
Social ___ theory states that people keep their lives surrounded by individuals that they can rely on and look to for support.
convoy
Middle-aged people from industrialized countries tend to have the largest social
convoy.
Marital satisfaction tends to hit bottom in _____
early middle age.
The ability to adapt flexibly and resourcefully to potential sources of stress is identified as
ego resiliency.
Erik Erikson theorized that there are ______ stages of psychosocial development over the course of the lifespan.
eight
Development in the middle years must be seen from the perspective of the _____ life span.
entire
Rita is feeling lonely and sad since Ramón, her youngest child, left home. Rita is experiencing the syndrome of empty
nest.
A key factor in a person's well-being is his or her _____ quality.
marital
Social support and encouragement of health promoting behaviors are benefits of ___ in young and middle adulthood.
marriage
Parenthood involves a process of letting go that reaches its peak in _____ adulthood.
middle
Generativity vs. Stagnation occurs during
middle adulthood
In Levin's study, the transition to ___ ___ was stressful enough to be considered a crisis.
middle adulthood
A supposedly stressful period triggered by the review and reevaluation of one's life is called a(n) _____ crisis.
midlife
Teresa is a divorced fifty-year-old woman who has just bought her first Harley Davidson motorcycle. Her early adulthood children are telling her she is having a _____ crisis.
midlife
___ crisis does not always occur. Some people experience the highest point of their lives during middle adulthood.
midlife
Compared to grandfathers, grandmothers have ___ contact with grandchildren.
more
Generativity tends to be associated with _____ behavior.
prosocial
Midlife review, in most cases, leads to ___ during the process.
reappraisal
Levi returned home each summer during college, and although he graduated 2 years ago, he has returned home to live twice. Levi's behavior is an example of
the revolving door syndrome.
One of the primary reasons Stanka and her husband waited until their mid 30's to have kids was
they were in school.
In this clip 71-year-old Stanka is discussing being a grandparent. She says the best thing about being a grandparent is
you love them like your own kids but you get to go home at the end of the day.
True or False: Adult stage theories have contributed to the view that midlife is characterized by a crisis.
true
A psychological transition that involves significant change or transformation in the perceived meaning, purpose, or direction of a person's life is called a ______ point.
turning
Socioemotional selectivity theory proposed that social interaction is a source for which of the following?
-As an aid for maintaining self-concept -As an aid for developing self-concept -Information
Middle-aged adults can develop generativity through all of the following except:
-biological generativity -work generativity -cultural generativity NOT: narcissistic generativity
Which of the following is not a "Big Five" personality factor?
-conscientiousness -agreeableness -extraversion -neuroticism -openness to experience NOT: perfectionism
The field of narrative psychology views development in the following ways:
-dramatic narrative -continuous process of constructing one's life -personal myth
Marital capital consists of benefits built up from long-standing marriages. Select all of the following benefits of a long-standing marriage:
-emotional benefits -financial benefits
Today, many middle-aged adults are responsible for their children as well as their aging parents, leading some to call them the ___ generation.
-overload -squeezed -sandwich
Select all of the following dimensions of well-being according to Carol Ryff.
-personal growth -self-acceptance -autonomy -positive relations with others
Which of the following is associated with caregiver burnout?
-physical exhaustion -constant strain -mental exhaustion
Select all of the following dimensions of well-being according to Carol Ryff:
-self-acceptance -positive relations with others -personal growth -autonomy
Which of the following is NOT an approach to the study of personality in middle adulthood?
-stages of adult development -stressful events -life events approach -contexts of development NOT: temperament
Marital satisfaction usually hits bottom in middle age as a result of
-teenage children. -career involvement. -financial worries.
Environmental mastery
Able to effectively utilize emerging opportunities
In this clip, 84-year-old Paul discusses being a grandparent; he has _____ great-grandchildren.
23
At what age does Vaillant see an adult reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years?
40s
On average, American adults become grandparents at about ____ years of age.
45
Purpose in life
Can articulate personal goals
According to a recent meta-analysis of stability and change, which of the following big five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood?
Conscientiousness
Devin is 23 years old. He has a strong sense of his own identity, but he still is working out who he is while in a relationship and how to make a healthy relationship with a partner. Although he's had several "serious" relationships, he has never had a girlfriend longer than 6 months. Which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development does Devin's situation best represent?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Which of the following stages of psychosocial development does NOT occur during infancy or childhood?
Intimacy vs. Isolation
The BEST example of the life-stage filial crisis is:
Jayson's ability to balance a sense of autonomy with a sense of duty to his aging parents.
Positive relations with others
Maintains loving and trusting relationships
Which of the following statements about crises in middle adulthood is FALSE?
Most middle-aged adults experience a midlife crisis
Who among the following are MOST likely to experience a decline in marital satisfaction?
Parents who experience the empty nest syndrome
___ (Men/Women) report being more stressed in a marriage, whereas ___ (men/women) seem to be happier.
Women; men
An attempt to hold on to a consistent sense of self in the face of new experiences that do not fit an existing schema is called identity
assimilation.
Developmental scientists view midlife psychosocial development
both objectively and subjectively.
When selecting a partner for a class project that is to determine 50 percent of your grade, you would be best served picking a person high in
conscientiousness.
Gender ___ is a reversal of roles that sometimes occurs after active parenting is over.
crossover
Mark and Linda's children are grown up; Mark now seems to be more passive, while Linda has become more dominant. Mark and Linda are experiencing gender
crossover.
The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, EXCEPT:
the stability of one's personality over time
In the timing-of-events model, the adult's personal development rests less on age and more on important _____ events.
life
Yvonne has worked for a company in her community for twenty years. The company closed and she is now going back to college for a new career. Yvonne is experiencing a change in her ____ course.
life
Ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status can all profoundly affect the course of
life.
Parenting in midlife is associated with ___ (more/less) psychological stress; however, parenting also brings about ___ (greater/less) generativity than child-free individuals.
more; greater
George is a worrier. He always seems tense, because he is anxious about his health, his job, and his relationships. Which factor of personality best encapsulates these attributes of George?
neuroticism
In the United States today, ___ in ten grandparents are raising a grandchild.
one
A person high in ____________ might try skydiving or bungee jumping.
openness to experience
Neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness are examples of ___ traits.
personality
A midlife crisis is speculated to be triggered by the ___ of one's life.
reevaluation
The revolving door syndrome, or "boomerang phenomenon" commonly results in each of the following EXCEPT:
regressed behavior in adult children
An introspective examination and reappraisal of values and priorities is called a midlife
review.
People at a time of life when they have dependent children and dependent parents are part of the _____ generation.
sandwich
Self-perceptions that are continually confirmed or revised in response to incoming information are called identity
schemes.
Isabelle's 9-year-old great grandson Kahius likes:
school
A life-span perspective on how people choose with whom to spend their time is called the socioemotional ______ theory.
selectivity
Susan has become more selective with which friends and family members she chooses to spend most of her time with. Susan is demonstrating part of socioemotional _______ theory.
selectivity
Maslow's belief that a person must have maturity to realize his or her full human potential is called
self-actualization.
Costa and McCrae's trait research indicates that ____ change takes place during middle adulthood.
slow
When developmental scientists look at how people construct their identities and structure their lives, they are looking at midlife from a(n) _______ perspective.
subjective
Both Alexis and Richard indicated that their relationship was
unexpected.
Kim Su lives in Thailand; she is fifty-five years old and she lives
with her child.
Midlife divorce seems especially hard for
women.
Relationships can present stressful demands that tend to fall most heavily on
women.
