Developmental Psychology: Ch. 5

Crystal and her husband are divorcing, and Crystal is worried about the impact of the divorce on her 10- and 13-year-old children. According to the text, which of the following would be good advice?

Give the children some input into custody decisions

Which 8-year-old child is MOST likely to be popular?

Gloria, who carries a purse and takes ballet lessons

According to Susan Harter, which child is MOST vulnerable to low self-esteem?

an 8-year-old, whose passion is sports, but isn't good enough to make the team

Cedro and Margaret have clear rules and expectations. When a child breaks a rule, they listen to their son's or daughter's side of the story before deciding on a consequence. According to Baumrind's parenting-style framework, Cedro and Margaret have a(n) _____ parenting style.

authoritative

"Children's temperament shapes parenting styles." This statement would be made by a(n) _____.

behavioral-genetics researcher

Jean Piaget described the tendency for a young child to fixate on the most visually striking feature of whatever she or he is looking at; Piaget called this:

centering

Three-year-old children typically have relatively large heads, while six-year-old children have relatively longer, thin bodies. This age difference in physical appearance reveals the _____ principle of development.

cephalocaudal

Compared with boys, girls play more:

collaboratively

Successful elementary schools usually have which of the following qualities?

committed teachers

Three-year-old Meilin is unusually good at climbing, jumping, and catching a ball. Her parents should:

give her chances to exercise her skills, but not push her too hard

Dorek is failing in school, and scores well below grade-level on achievement tests. When he takes the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), his intelligence quotient (IQ) score is 110. Dorek is classified as:

having a specific learning disorder

Shame, or the feeling of personal humiliation, causes people to want to:

withdrawal from others

Pree's son has just been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and she needs advice. A developmentalist can tell her which of the following?

"This condition is typically diagnosed in elementary school."

Cindy and her father are talking about their trip to the zoo. Her father asks, "What animals did we see?" "Which one had babies?" To ask the type of questions the father is asking, Cindy MOST likely is about_____ old.

3 years

The second phase of childhood, called middle childhood, lasts between the ages of:

7-12

As a preschooler, Juan demonstrated what his parents thought were superior motor skills. He was great at kicking, hitting, and throwing balls. Which of the following is likely

Juan is more likely to be physically active during middle school

A group of fifth-graders is upsetting a first-grader by playing "Keep Away" with his backpack. Which parent is using induction to deal with this misbehavior?

Kalinda says to her daughter, "it is unkind to tease someone and snatch away his backpack. Think how frightened that little boy felt when you kids ganged up on him."

According to Baumrind's framework, which parent is LEAST likely to have a well-adjusted child?

Oswald rarely knows where his 9-year-old daughter is; when she comes home, he doesn't care

Claus and Jorge are candidates for president of their fifth-grade class. Jorge starts a rumor that, if elected, Claus plans to ask the teacher to shorten recess so that the class has more time for math. Jorge's behavior is an example of _____ aggression.

direct

Alicia is being raised in a blended family. This means that Alicia's parents:

divorced and remarried; so Alicia has step-siblings

Tara feels incredibly frightened when she sees a highway crash; Tara is exhibiting _____. Halina feels terrible for the people who were hurt, and rushes to help; Halina is exhibiting _____.

empathy; sympathy

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be expected to have problems in which of the following areas?

executive functions

Regular spanking is MOST apt to be dangerous for a child who is:

fearless and has trouble controlling her impulses

In Western societies, which is a quality involved in "superior" scaffolding?

fostering a secure attachment and building motivation

One problem with Jean Piaget's ideas, addressed by Lev Vygotsky, is that Piaget's theory does not consider that _____ plays a major role in cognitive development

instruction

Although Tim just turned 7, he tends to hide behind his mother every time he is in a social situation. His intense anxiety is sparked whenever others are around him. Tim MOST likely suffers from _____ tendencies.

internalizing

Contemporary parents should offer children lots of _____.

love

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Samantha answers, "Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me." These girls are MOST likely _____ children, and Samantha is describing their friendship in terms of _____ qualities.

older, internal

Theory of mind refers to the understanding that:

other people have different perspectives and beliefs

The "b" and "c" sounds of language are called:

phonemes

Robinson is stranded on a tropical island, by himself. Which type of intelligence will be MOST beneficial to his survival on the island?

practical intelligence

Taj's parents are taking Taj to see a psychiatrist known for helping children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The psychiatrist is likely to consider which of the following interventions?

psycho-stimulant medications

Five-year-old Matthew kicked Jason when Jason threatened to take Matthew's snack. Matthew is demonstrating _____ aggression.

reactive

Which of the following is a school strategy to help children with ADHD?

regular physical activity

Four-year-old Rachel has parents who provide no rules and are not very affectionate. According to Diana Baumrind, Rachel's parents have a(n) _____ parenting style.

rejecting-neglecting

Eleven-year-old Sarah loves to tattle on her older sister. Last week, Sarah told her sister's boyfriend that her sister had kissed another boy. Sarah is demonstrating _____ aggression

relational

In the information-processing framework on memory, the executive processor:

transforms items in working memory bins into material to be remembered later

Based on the text's information-processing section, parents can help children "remember" by doing which of the following?

understanding that simultaneously completing different tasks will be especially difficult