Developmental Psychology Test Review Chapters 5-9

Antisocial behavior that persists into adulthood is called: Select one: a. life-course difficulties. b. adolescence-limited turmoil. c. zero-tolerance. d. the school-to-prison pipeline.

a. life-course difficulties.

Which statement would Robert Sternberg definitely NOT make? Select one: a. "I believe that standard intelligence tests don't measure anything meaningful." b. "I believe that standard intelligence tests only measure a limited set of skills." c. "I believe that there are three basic kinds of intelligence, and only one of them is measured by standard intelligence tests." d. "I believe that standard intelligence tests can be damaging to children."

a. "I believe that standard intelligence tests don't measure anything meaningful."

A child is making fun of a classmate. Which is the MOST effective response for socializing prosocial behavior? Select one: a. "It's hurtful to tease; think of how that other child must feel." b. "It's hurtful to tease, so I'm putting you in time out." c. "You are a bad child, and you must stop teasing." d. "It's hurtful to tease; you need to be punished."

a. "It's hurtful to tease; think of how that other child must feel."

If a child gets a terrible math grade, which statement is LEAST effective or helpful? Select one: a. "Let's face it. Some people just aren't born to be good with numbers." b. "Let's break this challenge into steps, so you can succeed." c. "Do the best you can. I'll be proud of you if you try very hard." d. "If you start to lose confidence in your ability to do well in school, think of how well you are doing in Language Arts."

a. "Let's face it. Some people just aren't born to be good with numbers."

Dr. Hernandez is giving a lecture on prosocial behavior. Which statement is she LEAST likely to make? Select one: a. "Older children are naturally more prosocial." b. "The impulse to act prosocially appears early in life." c. "Parents should praise their children for acting prosocially." d. "Parents should model prosocial behavior by acting prosocially in their own lives."

a. "Older children are naturally more prosocial."

A developmentalist who specializes in puberty is giving recommendations to the local school board. Which statement is he MOST likely to make? Select one: a. "Pay special attention to providing pre-teens with nurturing schools." b. "Consider sending pre-teens to middle school." c. "Consider keeping pre-teens in K-8 schools." d. "Consider sending children to K-12 schools."

a. "Pay special attention to providing pre-teens with nurturing schools."

Child #1 comes from a disadvantaged background and attends a "failing" public school. Child #2 comes from an upper-middle-class family and attends an excellent private school. On the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), both children get identical scores. Based on the text discussion, what should the psychologist giving the test conclude? Select one: a. Child #1 has higher intellectual potential. b. Child #2 has higher intellectual potential. c. Both children have equal intellectual potential, as they have identical IQs. d. Both children probably are receiving similar grades in school.

a. Child #1 has higher intellectual potential.

Darla is giving a questionnaire to a college class to predict the risk of alcohol abuse during adulthood. According to the research, which item should NOT appear on her scale? Select one: a. Do you drink heavily now that you are in college? b. Did you begin to drink heavily during puberty? c. Did you have "acting out" problems as a child? d. Do you call yourself a "jock," and are you seriously into sports?

a. Do you drink heavily now that you are in college?

_____ are MOST likely to post sexually oriented comments to photos on social media websites. Select one: a. Girls b. Boys c. Popular kids d. Unpopular kids

a. Girls

_____ benefit(s) MOST in popularity from being relationally aggressive in inner-city elementary schools. Select one: a. Girls b. Boys c. Both genders d. Neither sex

a. Girls

Which 8-year-old child is MOST likely to be popular? Select one: a. Gloria, who carries a purse and takes ballet lessons b. Hank, who likes to wrestle with the girls c. Inez, who has short hair, wrestles with her brothers, and loves to play with boys d. Ted, who likes to sketch flowers

a. Gloria, who carries a purse and takes ballet lessons

Which child is NOT at higher risk of being maltreated? Select one: a. Iris, who is being raised by her grandmother b. Ilia, whose mother feels isolated and is under incredible stress c. Irena, an 8-month-old, whose parents are determined not to spoil her d. Isabel, who has a difficult temperament

a. Iris, who is being raised by her grandmother

Isaiah and Allie are devising a checklist to predict whether a teenage girl in the United States has made the transition to intercourse. Which question should NOT be on their list? Select one: a. Is this girl watching a lot of television? b. Are this girl's friends sexually active? c. Is this girl an early developer? d. Does this girl have an older boyfriend?

a. Is this girl watching a lot of television?

Statistically speaking, which girl will reach puberty at the youngest age? a. Jadyn, who is overweight b. Hae, an Asian American girl c. Debbe, whose parents were "average-aged developers" d. Ilya, who grew up in a loving, two-parent family

a. Jadyn, who is overweight

After reading the text, Joanne is comparing first menstruation reactions today in the West versus a few decades ago. Which statement can she make? Select one: a. Mothers today are more likely to celebrate this event. b. Society today celebrates this event. c. Girls today are more upset about this event. d. Girls today are totally positive about this event.

a. Mothers today are more likely to celebrate this event.

Dr. Fatima is lecturing about eating disorders. Which of the following is a "good news" fact he should report? Select one: a. These conditions are curable. b. Eating disorders rarely have long-term effects. c. These conditions don't affect men. d. Among adolescents, eating disorders are very rare.

a. These conditions are curable.

When the "bad boys" get together, they laugh and boast about doing antisocial things. A developmentalist can make which statement? Select one: a. This behavior is called deviancy training. b. This activity discourages more antisocial behavior. c. This activity promotes insecure attachments. d. This behavior cements the good group.

a. This behavior is called deviancy training.

Jeannette has been diagnosed with bulimia. She will NOT have the following symptom: Select one: a. looking "skeletal" (or incredibly thin). b. binging several times a week and then possibly purging or vomiting. c. being totally obsessed with food. d. possibly developing mouth sores and tooth damage due to frequent vomiting.

a. looking "skeletal" (or incredibly thin).

Dev's school is considering offering more programs in the arts. Based on the research, has the school made a good decision? Select one: a. Yes; these programs can help boost academic interest and performance. b. No; these programs tend to interfere with academic performance. c. Yes; but only for students who are artistically talented. d. There's no way to know because there is no research addressing this question.

a. Yes; these programs can help boost academic interest and performance.

The annual tests children take to measure knowledge of school subjects are called _____ tests. Select one: a. achievement b. aptitude c. diagnostic d. intelligence

a. achievement

According to statistics, who is the LEAST likely to be influenced by the mainstream media's "thin ideal"? Select one: a. an African American girl b. a European American girl c. an Asian American girl d. All are equally affected.

a. an African American girl

Statistically speaking, which seventh-grader is MOST likely to be popular and have high self-esteem? Select one: a. an early-maturing boy b. a late-maturing boy c. an early-maturing girl d. an on-time maturing girl

a. an early-maturing boy

Eating disorders: Select one: a. are curable. b. are becoming much rarer. c. affect boys as frequently as girls. d. all involve excessive dieting.

a. are curable.

Although Sammy was rejected in fourth grade, he later became an incredible success. Generalizing from the text, in elementary school, Sammy was MOST likely rejected for: Select one: a. being different from his classmates. b. being highly aggressive. c. being incredibly shy. d. having externalizing problems.

a. being different from his classmates.

If Clara is in the stage of "early childhood," then she is: Select one: a. between the ages of 3 and 6. b. the middle child in her family. c. in elementary school. d. at the 50th percentile in height and weight.

a. between the ages of 3 and 6.

Boris looks at a bouquet of daisies and carnations, and knows that there are more flowers than daisies in the vase. Boris understands: Select one: a. class inclusion. b. seriation. c. conservation of mass. d. identity constancy.

a. class inclusion.

The core difference between friendships and popularity is that friendships are: Select one: a. close one-to-one relationships; popularity refers to group status. b. harder to establish than being popular. c. more enduring than popularity. d. less important in life than popularity.

a. close one-to-one relationships; popularity refers to group status.

Compared with boys, girls play more: Select one: a. collaboratively. b. intensely. c. physically. d. competitively.

a. collaboratively.

When Ernesto sees his mother roll the thick ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust, he says, "Now there is more dough, because it's bigger." His sister Lara tells Ernesto, "No, it's the same amount because Mommy could just roll it back again and it would look the same." According to Piaget's framework, Ernesto cannot conserve and Lara can: Select one: a. conserve. b. make a pie crust. c. think abstractly. d. center.

a. conserve.

John has reached formal operations. John's unique new talent is that he now can: Select one: a. debate the merits of positions even if he is opposed to those ideas. b. read complex novels and do math problems much faster than before. c. get along with people better. d. act more assertively in his life and in school.

a. debate the merits of positions even if he is opposed to those ideas.

Cyberbullying is _____ than traditional bullying. Select one: a. emotionally easier b. harder to accomplish c. more guilt inducing d. rarer

a. emotionally easier

Drawing circles, or writing the letters of the alphabet, are _____ skills. Select one: a. fine motor b. gross motor c. frontal lobe d. parietal lobe

a. fine motor

Which of the following may cause the development of ADHD? Select one: a. genetic predispositions b. speeded brain maturation c. permissive parenting d. increased dopamine output

a. genetic predispositions

Which of the following is tied to reaching puberty at an older age? Select one: a. growing up in a loving two-parent family b. having parents who reached puberty early c. being female d. being behind intellectually

a. growing up in a loving two-parent family

Jeremy was administered the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and received a score of 65. According to this test, he should be classified as: Select one: a. having an intellectual disability. b. gifted. c. dyslexic. d. within the normal range.

a. having an intellectual disability.

The rejected fourth-grader who has the WORST teenage and adult prognosis is a: Select one: a. highly physically aggressive kid. b. socially anxious kid. c. child who has been rejected for being different. d. child who doesn't fit traditional gender roles.

a. highly physically aggressive kid.

The first hormone that signals the onset of puberty is in the _____. Select one: a. hypothalamus b. pituitary gland c. gonads d. sex hormones

a. hypothalamus

In Erikson's view, if children do not develop a sense of industry during middle childhood they are at risk of developing a sense of: Select one: a. inferiority. b. guilt. c. mistrust. d. role confusion.

a. inferiority.

A 15-year-old boy broke into a store with his buddies. One of the older boys shot and killed the store's owner. Given what the text says about the criminal justice system, the 15-year-old: Select one: a. is at risk of being tried as an adult. b. won't be tried as an adult, as he is clearly underage. c. will be released at age 18. d. won't be charged at all.

a. is at risk of being tried as an adult.

Prosocial behavior: Select one: a. is universal and built into the human genome. b. goes against human biology. c. is universal, but only in Western countries. d. is universal, but only apparent in women.

a. is universal and built into the human genome.

The HIGHEST status crowds in U.S. public high schools are often the: Select one: a. jocks and popular kids. b. jocks and brains. c. rebels and jocks. d. rebels and brains.

a. jocks and popular kids.

Synaptogenesis refers to the process of: Select one: a. making billions of connections between neurons. b. reasoning and thinking through actions. c. forming a fatty sheath around axons. d. pruning of the neurons.

a. making billions of connections between neurons.

Which of the following is a disaster for intrinsic motivation? Select one: a. micromanaging students' work b. setting lenient time limits and giving classes individual choice over assignments c. providing work that is relevant to students' lives d. giving students challenging assignments

a. micromanaging students' work

Andrea is 8-years-old and is entering _____. According to Erikson, she will learn that reaching her goals requires _____. Select one: a. middle childhood; industry b. early childhood; initiative c. adolescence; identity d. middle childhood; initiative

a. middle childhood; industry

Typically, as children move through school, they care: Select one: a. more about studying, but only to get a good grade. b. more about studying, only because they enjoy the material. c. less about studying and about grades. d. less about their teachers.

a. more about studying, but only to get a good grade.

Research suggests the hypothalamic puberty timer is: Select one: a. more sensitive to environmental cues for girls. b. equally sensitive to environmental cues for both sexes. c. more sensitive to environmental cues for boys. d. is sensitive to the same cues for girls and boys.

a. more sensitive to environmental cues for girls.

The basic units of meaning in a language, such as "boy" and "s" for "boys" are called: Select one: a. morphemes. b. syntax. c. semantics. d. phonemes.

a. morphemes.

According to Vygotsky, girls play house and boys play soldier because they are: Select one: a. rehearsing adult roles. b. expressing their feelings. c. mimicking what's on TV. d. expressing their imagination.

a. rehearsing adult roles.

Dija, an adolescent girl, wears only black, puts on gobs of eyeliner, and dyes her hair blue. This behavior signals what? Select one: a. sending a message about the kind of person Dija is b. allowing Dija to easily find people who are different from her c. making a statement that "I'm just like everyone else." d. demonstrating a serious lack of adult role models in Dija's life

a. sending a message about the kind of person Dija is

Which of the following is a core benefit of older children's friendships? Select one: a. teaching one another how to handle conflicts. b. dissimilarity among friends. c. competition between friends. d. encouraging positive behavior.

a. teaching one another how to handle conflicts.

Jalili, age 4, is in preschool. According to Erikson, her MAIN challenge is to: Select one: a. test her skills in the wider world. b. inhibit her behavior. c. work for what she wants. d. form letters.

a. test her skills in the wider world.

Gilda is now feeling sexual desire. Which hormone caused these changes? Select one: a. testosterone b. estrogens c. the pituitary hormone d. the hypothalamic hormone

a. testosterone

What should be the PRIMARY criterion in awarding custody after divorce? Select one: a. the quality of a particular spouse's parenting b. a parent's gender c. the parent's income or financial situation d. preferences learned from directly asking the child

a. the quality of a particular spouse's parenting

In the information-processing framework on memory, the executive processor: Select one: a. transforms items in working memory bins into material to be remembered later. b. keeps people's working memory bins intact. c. enables people to hear information more clearly. d. teaches people to think more deeply about life.

a. transforms items in working memory bins into material to be remembered later.

Mary's son, Adam, is 2 years old. If Mary falls down and hurts herself, Adam MOST likely will then _____ her. Select one: a. try to comfort b. hit c. ignore d. walk away from

a. try to comfort

Shame, or the feeling of personal humiliation, causes people to want to: Select one: a. withdraw from others. b. connect with others. c. feel terrible about what they have done. d. behave in a more caring way.

a. withdraw from others.

Dr. Ghosh is giving a talk on the risk factors for eating problems. Which statement should she make? Select one: a. "Eating disorders are most common among ethnic minority girls." b. "Eating disorders are most common among girls who are anxious and have low self-esteem." c. "Environmental forces alone are the cause of eating disorders." d. "Neglectful fathers are the single cause of eating disorders."

b. "Eating disorders are most common among girls who are anxious and have low self-esteem."

To dispute the "immature brain" conception of teenagerhood, which is NOT a point that Maimi can make? Select one: a. "Nature intended us to reach adulthood at puberty, yet society forces teens to be treated as if they were babies." b. "The frontal lobes are fully in operation by age 16." c. "Adults often engage in impulsive behaviors, not just teens." d. "The peak age for arrests is during early emerging adulthood when the frontal lobes are almost fully mature."

b. "The frontal lobes are fully in operation by age 16."

Bowdie used to be a model child, but since he hit puberty, he's been getting into trouble and was recently suspended from school. His frantic parents ask, "Is my son destined for problems as an adult?" According to the text, what is the BEST reply? Select one: a. "Sorry, yes. The way kids behave as teens offers a good preview of their adult life, so you need to take action now and in the future, too." b. "There is a reasonable chance he'll be fine. The fact that your son is only getting into trouble at this life stage suggests this may be adolescent-limited turmoil." c. "Don't worry. Children who act out as adolescents always end up just fine, so just hang in and endure these next few years." d. "Sorry, yes—but only because your child is a boy."

b. "There is a reasonable chance he'll be fine. The fact that your son is only getting into trouble at this life stage suggests this may be adolescent-limited turmoil."

Identify each boy's type of preoperational thought: (1) thinks his father made the moon; (2) believes his stuffed bear is alive; (3) thinks his sister turned into a boy when she got a haircut. Select one: a. (1) animism; (2) artificialism; (3) no identity constancy b. (1) artificialism; (2) animism; (3) no identity constancy c. (1) no identity constancy; (2) artificialism; (3) animism d. (1) artificialism; (2) no identity constancy; (3) animism

b. (1) artificialism; (2) animism; (3) no identity constancy

Which is an example of (1) a gross motor talent and (2) a fine motor talent? Select one: a. (1) forming letters; (2) climbing a tree b. (1) climbing a tree; (2) forming letters c. (1) drawing a portrait; (2) painting a wall d. (1) cutting out a paper snowflake; (2) sawing through a tree

b. (1) climbing a tree; (2) forming letters

Heather is being raised by a single parent. Heather's odds of living in poverty are roughly _____ times greater than for Hillary, who is growing up in a married two-parent family. Select one: a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 10

b. 3

A mother feels ill at a family picnic, so her husband drives her to the hospital at 90 miles an hour and with their three teenage children in the car. Billy says "Dad, you can't go this fast. We might be stopped for speeding." Josh says, "Slow down, Dad. It's crucially important, no matter what, to obey the law." Sarah, furious, yells, "You guys are crazy! Saving mom's life is more important than ANY law." Using Kohlberg's categories, pick each sibling's level of moral reasoning. Select one: a. Billy—conventional; Josh—preconventional; Sarah—postconventional b. Billy—preconventional; Josh—conventional; Sarah— postconventional c. Billy—premoral; Josh—fairly moral; Sarah—extremely moral d. Billy—amoral; Josh—postmoral; Sarah—overly moral

b. Billy—preconventional; Josh—conventional; Sarah— postconventional

Which statement about gender and play is accurate? Select one: a. The play patterns of girls and boys are very similar. b. Compared to that of girls, boys' play is more physical and rambunctious. c. Girls' play is more competitive than that of boys. d. Boys play in smaller groups than do girls.

b. Compared to that of girls, boys' play is more physical and rambunctious.

Anthony is devising a questionnaire to predict which teens flourish. Based on the text, what question should NOT be on his list? Select one: a. Does this child have good executive functions? b. Does this child totally avoid risky behaviors? c. Does this child have a positive adult mentor? d. Does this child feel academically successful and connected to school?

b. Does this child totally avoid risky behaviors?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding obesity? Select one: a. It may help children avoid being bullied. b. It may be predicted by rapid weight gain during infancy. c. Its prevalence has increased particularly in preschool. d. It is always caused by eating excessively.

b. It may be predicted by rapid weight gain during infancy.

Which pre-teen is MOST apt to be upset by breast development? Select one: a. Tessa, whose friends are all wearing bras b. Jin, who is the star dancer at her ballet school c. Vinita, who is undergoing puberty at an average age d. Ellie, who is an A student

b. Jin, who is the star dancer at her ballet school

"I'm worried that if my child gets in with the wrong peer group, he will go down a bad path." _____ is the theorist whose ideas resonate with this classic parental fear. Select one: a. A behavioral geneticist b. Judith Harris c. Diana Baumrind d. Erik Erikson

b. Judith Harris

Which eighth-grade girl ranks high on BOTH Sternberg's practical and creative intelligences? Select one: a. Kelly, who just made over $1,000 for the class by selling cookies b. Lenore, who started a very successful paper route and writes beautiful poetry c. Laura, who gets the highest scores in the class on math and is good at sports d. Latisha, who is incredibly artistic and also makes good grades

b. Lenore, who started a very successful paper route and writes beautiful poetry

Which person is teaching by using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)? Select one: a. Ms. Trong, who spaces the desks in a classroom so that every student can see the board b. Mr. Smith, who figures out what each child knows now and then determines what that child is capable of understanding through instruction c. Mrs. Banda, who makes sure that every student learns at the same pace d. Mr. Doud, who has the class do individual projects

b. Mr. Smith, who figures out what each child knows now and then determines what that child is capable of understanding through instruction

Which situation involving an 8-year-old child would MOST likely take place in a toy store? Select one: a. Diane is too embarrassed to go down the toy truck aisle to shop for her brother's birthday gift. b. Paul would never carry a doll through the store, even though the toy is a present for his sister. c. Andy and Janine like to shop together to make sure they get toys they both like. d. Jared loves buying action figures along with dolls.

b. Paul would never carry a doll through the store, even though the toy is a present for his sister.

Which child raised under difficult conditions is most likely to have a successful adult life? Select one: a. Oscar experienced a series of tragedies; his mother died, then his family lost all their money within a few years. b. Petronella's parents are alcoholics, but Petronella is a mellow, optimistic child who spends her days with a loving grandmother. c. Quincy's parents give all their attention to their eldest daughter, so they have very little time for Quincy. d. Rhonda doesn't handle stress well and she gets very upset with change. Now that she is in fourth grade, Rhonda, has attended a total of eight schools.

b. Petronella's parents are alcoholics, but Petronella is a mellow, optimistic child who spends her days with a loving grandmother.

Goran and Amelia are designing an innovative sex-education course at their U.S. high school. According to the text, which of the following should be their MAIN priority? Select one: a. Provide more information about the physiology of sex. b. Talk about how to develop relationships, rather than just focusing on biology. c. Provide more information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). d. Put more emphasis on encouraging abstinence.

b. Talk about how to develop relationships, rather than just focusing on biology.

Magda, a high school junior, confesses that she just lost her virginity outside of a committed relationship. Based on the research, her partner was probably: Select one: a. a stranger. b. a friend or someone she knew well. c. the most popular boy in class. d. the captain of the football team.

b. a friend or someone she knew well.

The quality MOST likely to promote thriving in a teenager is having: Select one: a. lots of friends. b. a passion or talent that is encouraged by a caring adult. c. lots of fun. d. plenty of money.

b. a passion or talent that is encouraged by a caring adult.

What is an important purpose of play? Select one: a. helping children to become imaginative b. allowing children to practice adult roles c. helping children to learn to be creative d. teaching children to share

b. allowing children to practice adult roles

Prosocial behavior: Select one: a. needs to be systematically taught at church and school. b. appears spontaneously at very young ages. c. appears when a child gets rewards for acting nicely. d. usually appears with family members, but not with strangers.

b. appears spontaneously at very young ages.

When G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress," he meant that teenagers: Select one: a. have a stressful life. b. are moody, sensitive, and prone to take risks. c. cause parents a lot of stress. d. put society under a lot of stress.

b. are moody, sensitive, and prone to take risks.

Jean Piaget described the tendency for a young child to fixate on the most visually striking feature of whatever she or he is looking at; Piaget called this: Select one: a. decentering. b. centering. c. conservation. d. seriation.

b. centering.

According to Vygotsky, when a child talks to herself, it is normal and she is learning to: Select one: a. isolate herself from people. b. control and monitor her behavior. c. express her emotions. d. make up new emotions.

b. control and monitor her behavior.

Nien decides not to rob a backpack from an open locker at school because he feels that good people don't steal. Nien is operating at Kohlberg's _____ level of moral reasoning. Select one: a. preconventional b. conventional c. postconventional d. formal operational

b. conventional

In an early-maturing daughter, parents might be alert to which of the following? Select one: a. increase in the number of same-sex friends b. depression and low self-esteem c. increasing grades and an increased interest in school d. being unpopular and having no friends

b. depression and low self-esteem

Marjorie has been diagnosed with a learning disability that involves difficulty in reading, lack of fluency, and poor word recognition. Marjorie's mother reports that her grandmother had the same disability. Marjorie MOST likely has been diagnosed with: Select one: a. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). b. dyslexia. c. mental retardation. d. a low intelligence test score.

b. dyslexia.

According to statistics, which U.S. parent is MOST likely to spank their children compared to the average U.S. adult? Select one: a. Asian Americans b. evangelical Protestants c. people who were spanked as children and feel it did not help them d. people who report having been abused as children

b. evangelical Protestants

A 14-year-old heterosexual girl hangs out with a large mixed-gender group of boys and girls. If she follows the traditional progression to romance, the next stage is: Select one: a. dating one-on-one. b. having a smaller mixed-gender clique. c. hanging out in a single-sex clique. d. hanging out in an even larger crowd.

b. having a smaller mixed-gender clique.

Dorek is failing in school, and scores well below grade-level on achievement tests. When he takes the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), his intelligence quotient (IQ) score is 110. Dorek is classified as: Select one: a. an underachiever. b. having a specific learning disorder. c. dyslexic. d. intellectually disabled.

b. having a specific learning disorder.

Which is a force that protects early-maturing girls from getting into trouble? Select one: a. living in a liberal society b. having close family relationships c. not getting involved with younger friends d. living in a rural area

b. having close family relationships

Parent-teen conflict tends to reach its peak: Select one: a. in late adolescence, as the teen is about to leave home for the first time. b. in the middle of puberty, when hormonal changes are at their height. c. in late elementary school, when parents realize their child is growing up. d. during the early twenties, after a child has left home.

b. in the middle of puberty, when hormonal changes are at their height.

Which of the following is responsible for stimulating the hypothalamus to trigger puberty? Select one: a. decreases in testosterone b. increases in leptin c. early maturation of the cingulate gyrus d. early maturation of the amygdala

b. increases in leptin

Erum is 9 years old. Which psychosocial task is she currently working on, according to Erikson? Select one: a. identity b. industry c. initiative d. autonomy

b. industry

If an 8-year-old child is beginning to make negative comments such as, "I'm not that smart or pretty," which of the following may be true of that child? Select one: a. has reached the preoperational stage of development b. is beginning to realistically scan her abilities c. is acting abnormally d. has reached Erikson's stage of basic trust versus mistrust

b. is beginning to realistically scan her abilities

Inez gets a terrific grade in math after studying for days. Based on the research, the MOST effective response is to tell Inez that she: Select one: a. is a genius at math. b. is wonderful for working very hard. c. might not get that grade next semester. d. should do better in English next time.

b. is wonderful for working very hard.

In impoverished countries, some teens have: Select one: a. an extended adolescence since there will be little waiting for them as adults. b. no adolescence, as they may be forced from a young age to survive without adult protection. c. such close family ties that they don't need to find work outside of the family or go to school. d. governments that routinely care deeply about high school, even more so than in the developed world.

b. no adolescence, as they may be forced from a young age to survive without adult protection.

Michelle is a teenage girl who lives in an affluent community. According to the text, Michelle's mother might be on special alert for: Select one: a. suicide. b. nonsuicidal self-injury. c. heroin or methamphetamine abuse. d. schizophrenia.

b. nonsuicidal self-injury.

Fantasy play is: Select one: a. essential to development. b. normal during early childhood. c. normal during elementary school. d. a sign of emotional problems.

b. normal during early childhood.

That distressing teenage pubertal change—acne—is caused by which hormone(s)? Select one: a. testosterone for boys and estrogen for girls b. testosterone for both boys and girls c. estrogen for both boys and girls d. testosterone and estrogen for both sexes

b. testosterone for both boys and girls

Which of the following is a property of formal operational thought? Select one: a. believing that inanimate objects are alive b. thinking abstractly c. physical appearance represents reality d. using reversibility for the first time

b. thinking abstractly

Three-year-old Clara keeps telling her friends they cannot have a grandma because "grandma" is the name for her grandmother only. Clara is making the mistake of: Select one: a. overextension. b. underextension. c. overgeneralization. d. undergeneralization.

b. underextension.

A child who has developed a theory of mind has a new capacity to: Select one: a. engage in inner speech. b. understand that other people have different points of view. c. understand that other people cannot lie. d. memorize information better.

b. understand that other people have different points of view.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) is a good indicator of innate "genetic" ability for: Select one: a. every elementary school child. b. upper-middle-class children. c. girls, not boys. d. every preschool child.

b. upper-middle-class children.

Dr. Abstinence is lecturing about the prevalence of alcohol and drug use among today's teens. According to the text, she should say: Select one: a. "A significant minority of teens both drink and use drugs." b. "Very few teens drink and use drugs." c. "A significant minority of teens drink, but only a very small fraction use drugs." d. "Almost all teens drink and use drugs."

c. "A significant minority of teens drink, but only a very small fraction use drugs."

In contrasting the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with end-of-year achievement tests, what should a psychologist say? Select one: a. "The two tests measure basically the same skills." b. "The WISC measures students' genetic gifts alone. Achievement tests measure knowledge of school subjects and the quality of teaching." c. "All students take achievement tests, but children who take the WISC meet individually with a psychologist when there is a question about their academic work." d. "The WISC has only one part; achievement tests measure different skills."

c. "All students take achievement tests, but children who take the WISC meet individually with a psychologist when there is a question about their academic work."

Which complaint is a researcher MOST apt to hear from U.S. teens about their school sex-education courses? Select one: a. "I want more discussion of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)." b. "I want more discussion of abstinence." c. "I want more discussion of relationships." d. "I want more discussion of biology."

c. "I want more discussion of relationships."

Which response involves induction? Select one: a. "You made fun of that kid, so I'm putting you in time out." b. "You made fun of that kid, so you are a bad boy." c. "You made fun of that kid, so think of how terrible he must feel." d. "You made fun of that kid, so I'm going to make fun of you now."

c. "You made fun of that kid, so think of how terrible he must feel."

Statistically speaking, a _____ is apt to reach puberty at the youngest age. Select one: a. European American child b. Asian American child c. African American child d. child growing up impoverished in the developing world

c. African American child

Which of the following is TRUE regarding relational aggression? Select one: a. It appears strongly in later high school. b. It is more common in girls than boys at every age. c. It involves activities such as spreading rumors in order to destroy a person's relationships. d. It is characteristic of food commercials.

c. It involves activities such as spreading rumors in order to destroy a person's relationships.

Which elementary school child is LESS likely to have friends? Select one: a. Mark, who has developed theory of mind b. Stacey, who has mastered conservation c. Michael, who has not developed theory of mind d. Jamie, who has not mastered conservation

c. Michael, who has not developed theory of mind

Brandon is in the third grade and his end-of-year state test demonstrated an increase in scores compared to students who had a different teacher. What can be said about Brandon's teacher? Select one: a. She is likely to be motivated intrinsically. b. She is resilient. c. She is a value-added teacher. d. She is extrinsically motivated.

c. She is a value-added teacher.

You are giving a talk on false stereotypes about teens. According to the text, which of these stereotypes IS supported by the data? Select one: a. The main thing that teens need is strong punishment and very strict parental rules. b. Most teens are unhappy and depressed. c. Teens are more emotional than adults. d. Teens reject their parents' basic world views about life.

c. Teens are more emotional than adults.

"Children's temperament shapes parenting styles." This statement would be made by a _____. Select one: a. psychoanalyst b. behaviorist c. behavioral-genetics researcher d. Eriksonian

c. behavioral-genetics researcher

Which of the following is an area of development that can be hindered due to undernutrition? Select one: a. speech b. hearing c. brain d. vision

c. brain

Which is the LEAST likely emotion that will be felt by girls participating in a traditional puberty rite? Select one: a. joy b. pride c. disgust d. awe

c. disgust

In choosing the best baseball players for an elementary school baseball team, and with all things being equal, would a coach choose Sandra or Sam to play on the team? Select one: a. Sandra—she may be able to hit the ball more easily b. Sam—he will be able to run faster c. either child—Sandra may be able to connect with the ball more easily, but Sam will be able to run faster d. either child—Sandra will be able to run faster, but Sam will be able to hit the ball more easily

c. either child—Sandra may be able to connect with the ball more easily, but Sam will be able to run faster

Elementary schools that are exceeding expectations based on the socioeconomic status of their pupils tend to do which of the following? Select one: a. provide worksheet drills to help students pass state standardized tests b. offer low-level conceptual work c. have teachers who expect children to succeed d. "dumb down" the curriculum

c. have teachers who expect children to succeed

Victor is a 16-year-old boy. According to the text, which activities might best predict Victor's competence, confidence, and occupational success in future years? Select one: a. having a part-time job b. having a romantic relationship c. having interests in a range of school-related clubs d. coming home right after school to study for hours

c. having interests in a range of school-related clubs

If Hernando is a typical teen, arguments with his parents are MOST apt to concern: Select one: a. the meaning of life. b. religion. c. lack of freedom or having too many rules. d. politics.

c. lack of freedom or having too many rules.

Research from all over the world has documented that children today are: Select one: a. less proficient cognitively than in the past. b. more proficient cognitively than in the past. c. less proficient physically than in the past. d. more proficient physically than in the past.

c. less proficient physically than in the past.

Three-year-old Lola watches her mother roll a ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust, and exclaims, "You made more dough!" Lola lacks an understanding of conservation of: Select one: a. matter. b. number. c. mass. d. volume.

c. mass.

Jessica believes that her most important task as a parent is to "be there for her children." Karen loves her children dearly, but believes that her most important task is to "enforce the family's rules." These women differ in their: Select one: a. maturation. b. caring. c. parenting styles. d. social skills.

c. parenting styles.

Joseph was a conscientious objector during World War II because he believed that all wars are immoral. Joseph is in Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development, because Joseph is using his own moral guidelines to guide his behavior, apart from society's rules. Select one: a. preconventional b. conventional c. postconventional d. hyperconventional

c. postconventional

Dante wants a cupcake, so he shoves Tom aside. Tom reacts by bopping Dante over the head. Tom is showing _____ aggression. Select one: a. relational b. proactive c. reactive d. indifferent

c. reactive

Which of the following strategies can help children with ADHD focus? Select one: a. rewarding children with a big prize. b. dietary supplements c. regular exercise d. strict discipline

c. regular exercise

When the first-grade boys wrestle and hit each other as they are in line for lunch, they are engaging in _____ play. Select one: a. collaborative b. exercise c. rough-and-tumble d. fantasy

c. rough-and-tumble

Simon and his classmate, Rhonda, are both 8 years old. Based on gender development statistics, Simon MOST likely is: Select one: a. bigger than Rhonda. b. smaller than Rhonda. c. roughly the same size as Rhonda. d. obese, and Rhonda is not obese.

c. roughly the same size as Rhonda.

The male sign of fertility, an event in boys comparable to menarche in girls, is called: Select one: a. the HPG axis. b. the gonad axis. c. spermarche. d. adrenal androgen arousal.

c. spermarche.

According to international research, parent-child arguments that revolve around choosing the "right" friends occur MOST often in: Select one: a. East Asia. b. Europe. c. the Middle East. d. the United States.

c. the Middle East.

A child has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which ability or abilities are LEAST likely to be affected? Select one: a. selective attention b. inhibition c. vision and hearing d. social relationships

c. vision and hearing

Sara is planning a talk on criticisms of Gardner's theory. Which is NOT a criticism that Sara may legitimately make? Select one: a. "Why did Gardner arbitrarily decide on just these 8 or 9 abilities, and not others?" b. "A child might be artistically gifted, but school skills are more important in daily life." c. "Gardner's theory may mislead parents into thinking their children are 'just as intellectually capable' as children who are good at academics." d. "Gardner's theory offers no insights on how to teach children."

d. "Gardner's theory offers no insights on how to teach children."

Which child is showing animism? Select one: a. Marta, who eats her lunch before she gets to school b. Chao, who thinks he has more juice than his sister, because his bottle is poured into a taller glass c. Hermia, who thinks her father is turned into a superhero when he puts on a costume d. Debare, who thinks that his toy bear is alive

d. Debare, who thinks that his toy bear is alive

Which high-risk school has the greatest chance of beating the odds and providing students with the best education? Select one: a. Hawkins Elementary, where a discipline manual is distributed to each student and must be signed by parents b. Sunshine Intermediate, where students are carefully grouped by ability level c. Covenant Academy, where teachers provide a good deal of drill and worksheets d. Denali School, where teachers hold high expectations for every student and offer creative work

d. Denali School, where teachers hold high expectations for every student and offer creative work

To predict a girl's risk of developing an eating disorder, which is NOT a question that a psychologist should ask? Select one: a. Do you strongly identify with the "thin ideal"? b. Are you depressed? c. Do you care deeply about reducing your food intake? d. Do you earn As and Bs in your classes?

d. Do you earn As and Bs in your classes?

Philippa wants to socialize her son to be prosocial. Which is NOT a helpful suggestion for Philippa? Select one: a. Pay attention to prosocial behavior and praise your child for being kind. b. Model prosocial behavior in your own life. c. Provide the child with chances to spontaneously act prosocially. d. Give your child prizes for acting in a caring way.

d. Give your child prizes for acting in a caring way.

Which is NOT an illustration in support of the argument that the intelligence quotient (IQ) score partly reflects the quality of a child's environment? Select one: a. The Flynn effect shows a worldwide rise in IQ scores over the course of a century. b. After being ill and missing a good deal of school, a child's IQ score may decline. c. After undergoing life stress, a child's IQ scores may decline. d. IQ scores normally change a good deal from year to year in a person's life.

d. IQ scores normally change a good deal from year to year in a person's life.

Which student is LEAST likely to find this class intrinsically rewarding? Select one: a. Sam, who is planning a career as a teacher or developmentalist b. Sara, who adores the teacher c. Socha, who loves learning about human development d. Sven, who has been promised a cash reward for receiving an A on these tests

d. Sven, who has been promised a cash reward for receiving an A on these tests

Which is a true statement about autism spectrum disorders? Select one: a. Their prevalence is decreasing. b. These conditions involve limited deficits in theory of mind. c. These disorders often go away during adulthood. d. They wreak havoc on a person's life.

d. They wreak havoc on a person's life.

Which is NOT true of a child who gets an intelligence quotient (IQ) score of 130? Select one: a. This person scored at the 98th percentile for that age group. b. The score falls in the top 2 percent of children that age. c. This score is considered "gifted." d. This child is apt to be succeeding socially.

d. This child is apt to be succeeding socially.

Who is LEAST likely to be prosocial in elementary school? Select one: a. a child who was extremely prosocial in preschool b. omeone who is happy c. a self-confident person d. a person who gets overwhelmed by anxiety

d. a person who gets overwhelmed by anxiety

Jessica spends most of her time with a group of five other teenage girls who share her attitudes and interests in the same activities. Jessica's group is called a: Select one: a. crowd. b. dyad. c. gang. d. clique.

d. clique.

During childhood, girls' play is characterized by: Select one: a. giving commands and pretending to be a warrior. b. rough-and-tumble activities. c. establishing dominance. d. collaborating in small groups.

d. collaborating in small groups.

Stacey lives in a neighborhood where she and her neighbors have a resident cookout once a month and most of the children play soccer together. This neighborhood has _____. Select one: a. working models b. acculturation effects c. resilient neighborhoods d. collective efficacy

d. collective efficacy

A group of preteens is talking excitedly with each other about how "cool" it would be to regularly cut class and go to the park instead. This "socialization into delinquency" is called: Select one: a. experience-sampling. b. storm and stress. c. gang orientation. d. deviancy training.

d. deviancy training.

Child maltreatment is: Select one: a. rare around the world. b. common around the world. c. common in Western nations. d. difficult to clearly define and measure.

d. difficult to clearly define and measure.

Which force is NOT involved in programming the onset of puberty? Select one: a. leptin b. life stress c. maturation or growth level d. intelligence or academic skills

d. intelligence or academic skills

Raquel seems to have a natural ability to understand other people. Howard Gardner would label Raquel as high in _____ intelligence. Select one: a. creative b. intrapersonal c. kinesthetic d. interpersonal

d. interpersonal

Which is NOT a situation that promotes thriving in teens? Select one: a. being connected to academics b. living in nurturing communities c. having a life passion or special talent that is encouraged by a mentor d. living in large cities

d. living in large cities

The MAIN social problem for early-maturing girls is having: Select one: a. friends who don't share their interests. b. friends who aren't as emotionally mature. c. no friends, because these girls look so different from the other kids in the class. d. older friends who engage in risky activities such as smoking and drinking.

d. older friends who engage in risky activities such as smoking and drinking.

A teacher would refer all of these children for intelligence testing EXCEPT for a child who: Select one: a. seems far ahead of his classmates and is bored with regular work. b. seems far behind his classmates and is unable to master the work. c. is having serious trouble reading. d. receives moderate-to-good grades in all school subjects.

d. receives moderate-to-good grades in all school subjects.

Mr. Tanaka tailors his teaching to the competence level of the children in his classroom—giving help when needed and then backing off as a student masters a given skill. Mr. Tanaka is using a process called: Select one: a. seriation. b. centering. c. overreaching. d. scaffolding.

d. scaffolding.

Xandra, age 10, has recently grown 5 inches in height. Xandra is undergoing: Select one: a. development of her primary sexual characteristics. b. size acceleration. c. development of her secondary sexual characteristics. d. the growth spurt.

d. the growth spurt.

Which change is NOT unique to formal operations? Select one: a. logically arguing both sides of an issue b. approaching problems scientifically c. reasoning about things that are not real d. understanding the meanings of new words

d. understanding the meanings of new words