DEVOPS

What are the four values in the CAMS model?

CAMS: Culture, Automation, Measurement, and Sharing

_____ places all log records in a secured storage area or location.

Centralized logging

Let's say your company's server went down for a few days due to a hurricane. How would having a status page affect your company's reputation throughout the outage?

Communicating on the status page throughout the outage will notify the users of the issues and deadline for resolution. It can improve the trust and satisfaction of the customers.

DevOpsDays, DevOps Enterprise Summit, and Velocity. are examples of _____.

Conferences

What is a myth about Containers?

Containers are inherently insecure.

How would you summarize the key DevOps tenet?

DevOps is a partnership of all the team members involved in software development and operations. DevOps is a collaboration between the development and operations team members.

Suppose your Dev team has frequent issues with an Ops Teams in your company. Blame is often tossed around between both groups. How would you solve this issue?

Embed Ops engineers in your development teams, assign both teams to be in one chat room, and allow them to read each other's source code.

Let's say you need to tackle an important issue about a system failure. What important point should be discussed in the post mortem meeting?

Explain that no one is to be assigned blame for the system failure in the meeting. It is important that your team members should not be assigned blame since the objective is to find a solution to the underlying cause.

_____ is a characteristic of blue green development.

Having two identical production environments with only one online Blue green development requires two identical production environments, where one is online and the other is offline.

Let's say your colleague is unable to attend a DevOps conference. How would you recommend she learn more about DevOps concepts?

Introduce her to books and articles devoted to DevOps.

Why is DevOps important to a company?

It helps a company improve both IT and business outcomes. DevOps helps organizations meet deadlines faster by having fewer failures, which also helps their bottom line.

What is a build log?

It is a record of all the tests that were run along with their results.

What is a common misconception about employing DevOps in the cloud?

It is used primarily for cost optimization. The main reason to deploy DevOps in the cloud is to allow infrastructures to be controlled by APIs.

_____ refers to the average time your service recovers and restores services from disruptions, such as an outage.

Mean time to recovery

What is an advantage of Containers?

Multiple operating systems and package versions function without the mess of conflicts and mismatches.

What is the goal for every phase of the continuous delivery process?

Provide early and rapid feedback By making and validating small changes as soon as they are made, including deploying and using them in a real production environment, you can reduce waste and increase quality.

The file that contains instructions on how to work with the project is _____.

README.md .

Let's say your colleagues are debating whether to employ synthetic or real user monitoring. How is real user monitoring different than synthetic checks?

Real user monitoring records all the actual end user's engagement with the web application. Synthetic checks simulate how a user might interact with the application.

What computing approach creates systems in the cloud instead of depending on servers?

Serverless architecture

Which manifesto, created in 2010 by security professionals, endorses the call for secure coding or programming?

The Rugged Manifesto

A Container-based application is a truly distributed application that leverages components in isolation.

True

Centralized Control is an organizational pattern.

True

Docker is the leader of the Container ecosystem.

True

Every time you make a commit, a log entry is created, and you can look at it by using the git log command.

True

If you're refactoring applications anyway, moving to Containers is typically a good move.

True

Information Technology Infrastructure Library or ITIL provides a comprehensive process-model based approach of designing, managing, and controlling IT processes.

True

When considering Containers, Docker leads the day.

True

Which leading social media network should an individual engage in to keep abreast of the DevOps news and development?

Twitter

Companies need to tear down the _____ since it causes disunity and disharmony between the development and operations departments, instead of allowing them to collaborate collectively and align goals or objectives.

Wall of Confusion Wall of confusion is a wall that blocks cooperation and a open line of communication between the operations and development teams.

When considering the People over Process over Tools methodology, why is it important to focus on People first?

You need a responsible individual with the appropriate skill set who knows the planning and implementation of the project and tools otherwise there will be wastage and inferior product and solution delivery.

Which tool would you need to deploy to prevent cascading outages?

a circuit breaker A circuit breaker can stop an outage from propagating to other connected systems.

Jenkins is an example of _____.

a continuous integration tool

What are Operators?

a docker still that you will need

If you are developing end user test scenarios, then you are engaged in which type of development?

acceptance test-driven development Acceptance testing simulates how the end user will utilize the product.

Which detail is important when running a blameless postmortem?

all of these answers A blameless post mortem requires an objective analysis of the facts as soon as possible after the outage.

In ChatOps, which task are you allowed to perform with your chat client?

all of these answers Some ChatOps tools have advanced functions, such as push notifications, change controls, and deployment capabilities.

Suppose some of your tests are slow. Which procedures should you select to handle a slow test?

all of these answersIf you are developing end user test scenarios, then you are engaged in which type of development?

What is a good reason for a shadow IT team to arise within an organization?

an org has unfulfilled needs that hamper work progress Shadow IT teams usually form when the established IT team is too slow to address problems or it solutions need customizing to a business reality within that org.

Artifacts should be _____.

built once and deployed as needed

Which problem type does DevOps address?

business and cultural DevOps promotes understanding among employees, which can lead to better business outcomes.

What is the single biggest impediment to having trust inside a DevOps organization?

conflicting goals Having conflicting goals means there are misunderstandings within the organization, so sharing information is discouraged.

When considering Containers, _____.

consider your applications and use of data .

Which type of items should you avoid having in your logs?

errors that do not require action Errors should be actionable - "routine" errors should be demoted to warnings or otherwise handled so that actual problems are easy to distinguish.

What does Kaizen emphasize?

examining where value is created Kaizen emphasizes going right to the source where value is being created.

To add all the files to the staging environment, you use _____.

git add . .

How do you create a new branch named "test"?

git branch test

Which command clones the base_project branch from the following repository: https://github.com/myprojects/experiment_with_git

git clone -b base_project https://github.com/myprojects/experiment_with_git.git

Which command do you use in order to see the record of all the commits that have been made in the project?

git log

After cloning a repository, what command do you use to run the automation for the project?

gulp

What is considered a roadblock to assembling a new DevOps organization?

having different terminology for each team It is important that all teams use the same terminology to prevent confusion and waste.

Which task becomes easier when code is maintained in the cloud?

having similar preproduction and production environments Having similar preproduction and production environments is made easier by using containers.

Continuous delivery has all of these benefits except _____.

increasing fragile artifacts By having a light and practical approach to change control, you can decrease fragile artifacts.

Containers use a _____.

layered approach .

Which term is identifies waste in the form of work that does not add value in Lean?

muri The term muri means major waste in Japanese and describes activities that consume effort but do not create customer value in the product.

Which type of software requirement is covered by reliability engineering?

nonfunctional Developmental requirements are not part of a software development specification (SRS) document.

Which attribute is most detrimental in a DevOps tool?

only having a UI-driven interface UI-driven interfaces are not as well suited as console interfaces, in terms of using automation tools.

When considering Containers, _____.-

picking approaches and tools is the hardest thing to do .

Let's say you want to employ the Kaizen cultural practice in your company. What are the four main factors in the Kaizen cycle?

plan, do, check, and act

How could you contribute to the wall of confusion?

releasing code that can only be maintained by one person Code maintained by just one person fosters misunderstanding within the team, and can lead to testing failures.

Certain companies utilize immutable deployment, in which changes to the system are _____ as opposed to _____.

replaced; updated

You are examining packets to determine whether your database is protected against SQL injections. Which type of monitoring is this?

security SQL injection is a tool employed by hackers to defeat a system's security defenses.

What is the first step in helping to promote a culture of better security?

self-realization First and foremost, every organization needs to come to the realization that it will be attacked.

DevOps supports the elimination of _____ because it can hamper collaboration, operations and morale within the company.

silos

A plan to improve the overall throughput of a service would be best served by which DevOps principle?

systems thinking Systems thinking requires an engineer to think about the entire system holistically.

What are the five levels of DevOps practice?

values, principles, methods, practices, and tools

Which software development methodology is discouraged by the DevOps approach?

waterfall The DevOps approach aligns more with Agile than waterfall delivery, focusing on small, frequent delivery of value.

DevOps unites team members from both the _____ and _____ to participate in the IT service lifecycle from design to ongoing support.

"code side"; "system side" Developers and operational engineers collaborate on the entire service lifecycle in DevOps.

Which belief has been disproven by organizations that utilize continuous delivery?

A high frequency of change leads to a decrease in quality. A high frequency of change can lead to an increase in quality.

DevOps is an extension of _____ infrastructure in which its process is _____.

Agile; iterative DevOps has roots in Agile and the process are iterative which generates quick product or solution delivery.

How are DevOps and development alike?

Systems can be treated like code. Systems can go through the software development life cycle just like a coding project does.

Suppose you want to test the resilience of your company's e-commerce website in preparation for the holiday shopping season. How would having a Chaos Monkey test the abilities of your servers?

The Chaos Monkey will interrupt normal operations for your server, forcing your engineers to find methods to make the server robust and tolerant to instance failures.

Which technique allows you to purposely kill a server in order to test the resiliency of a system?

deliberate adversity

Which process can be improved by having a developer on call?

discovering core application problems Discovering core application problems is a long-term benefit of having a developer on call.

Tools are launched daily for diverse purposes. Which qualities should you look for in a tool before combining it into a toolchain?

All of these answers

Which of the following explains the concept of containers?

Containers are stand-alone software packages that contain runtime components to function independently.

_____ describe when software is deployed quickly into production since the team members make sure the application goes through complete automated testing.

Continuous deployments

When deleting a file from the working directory, it is automatically deleted from staging.

False

What is Google Container Engine?

Google Container Engine, which is built on Kubernetes, lets you run Docker containers on the Google Cloud platform.

Suppose your company is going to purchase a security monitoring tool. How should you select a security monitoring tool?

It should match and integrate well with your system and should be functional when you launch new applications. Security monitoring systems should integrate with your system otherwise there will be wastage of money and time.

Ubuntu has an open source architecture called _____ that allows an infrastructure and its services to be modeled together in the cloud.

Juju Juju is an open source tool that allows an infrastructure and its services to be modeled together in the cloud.

Suppose your company is weighing options on implementing private or public cloud. How would you explain the difference between public or private cloud?

Private cloud is internally created, built, and operated by your own company. Public cloud is created by an individual or organization, such as Amazon Web Services, and they allow users from around the world to use their services.

How can you implement experimentation and learning in your work environment?

Rotate your employees to attend conferences and share vital information with their colleagues.

Suppose you and your project manager are interested in the infrastructure as code approach. What is the chief issue that your team may face when utilizing the infrastructure as code approach?

The mindset and habits of your team members.

Let's say your colleague wants to know more about the central tenet of Lean. How would you explain it to them?

The objective of lean is to ensure that value stream reaches the customer through products and services while eliminating waste.

Which of the following explains the concept of blue-green deployment?

There are two identical production environments in which one is live (Blue) and the other is idle (Green). When new software is fully tested and deployed to Green, the router switches traffic from Blue to Green

Developers can find bottlenecks during the development process by using a _____ instead of employing the "black box" methodology.

code profiler

"People over process over tools" is an expression that describes which core value?

culture Culture is the "C" in CAMS. True change requires changes in approach at the people or cultural level, which then drives how you construct processes and what tools you choose.

Which task is part of a trunk-based development flow?

having all developers commit to the main branch frequently A trunk-based development flow requires all developers to commit directly to the master branch.